• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

Adrenocortical tumors are very rare in children and the clinical course is not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to review the clinical characteristics and courses of pediatric adrenocortical tumors. The medical records of patients who underwent surgery for primary adrenal tumor at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University hospital, from Jan. 1986 to Feb. 2006 were reviewed. There were 10 adrenocortical tumor patients; 5 had adrenocortical adenoma and 5 adrenocortical carcinoma. All of the adrenocortical adenomas presented as functioning tumors, i.e., Cushing syndrome or virilization. However, only 2 patients had functioning adrenocortical carcinoma. Median size of adenoma was 5 (3.3-6) cm, and carcinoma 12.5 (6.5-13) cm. Adenomas were smaller than 6 cm and carcinomas were larger than 6.5 cm. Surgical resection alone cured all adrenocortical adenoma patients, and they were all alive without recurrence. Three of 5 adrenocortical carcinoma patients died of tumor recurrence despite radical surgery and chemotherapy. There were 2 long-term survivals for adrenocortical carcinoma, one patient survived 10 years without recurrence until he died of newly developed osteosarcoma, and the other patient is alive without recurrence for 20 years. As the prognosis of pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma is poor, peri-operative aggressive chemotherapy is suggested in addition to radical surgery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.302-305
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• 2007

As a result of the widespread use and enhanced quality of high-resolution radiological techniques, a recent report has revealed a relatively high prevalence of small adrenal tumors in patients with untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. However, there are scarcely any pediatric cases of adrenocortical tumor following long-term treatment in patients suffering with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We report here on a pediatric female case of adrenocortical adenoma despite adequate long-term treatment for the salt-losing type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

A 15-year-old, spayed female maltese dog was presented with polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, abdominal distention, alopecia and hyperpigmentation. The complete blood counts were in normal range, and the serum biochemistry revealed elevated level of glucose and globulin. Mild hepatomegaly was seen on radiography of abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the uniformly enlarged left adrenal gland measured 2.4 cm in diameter. ACTH stimulation test and LDDST revealed hyperadrenocorticism. HDDST revealed pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. On CT images, isodense mass with contrast enhancing was seen in left adrenal gland. Cytologic result is consistent with benign tumor. Adrenal mass was surgically removed and evaluated. Histopathologic examination revealed adenocortical adenoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.635-635
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• 2007

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5031-5036
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• 2015

Background: Adrenal tumors are relatively uncommon, and have different presentations, so we decided to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of benign and malignant tumors in a ten-year period. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional-analytical study was conducted on adrenal resection samples taken during 2004-2014 in three hospitals in Yazd province. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 17. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used as appropriate Results: A total of 71 patients with adrenal tumors were analyzed, including 32 (45.1%) men and 39 (54.9%) women with an overall mean age $37.7{\pm}19.9$ (range: 6-75 years). Some 50.7% of lesions were benign and 49.3% were malignant. Neuroblastoma was the most malignant lesion (32.3%) followed by adrenocortical carcinoma (8.4%). Among the benign lesions pheochromocytoma was the most common (25.3%) followed by adrenocortical adenoma (12.6%). While 64% of tumors were functional 36% were non functional. Significant correlation was seen between the age of patient and type of tumor (P=0.001). In patients between 14-40 years old no malignant lesions was found, although under 14 years old all of the tumors were malignant. Malignant lesions mostly presented with abdominal pain, abdominal mass and anorexia (57.2%, 45.7% and 45.7%) respectively. Benign lesions mostly presented with paroxysmal hypertension, headache and abdominal pain (61.2%, 47.2% and 44.4%) respectively. Conclusions: Since the trend of adrenal tumors is on the rise based on this and other studies, suspected cases should undergo prompt hormonal and radiological assessment. Early diagnosis and treatment could prevent tumor progression and reduce mortality and morbidity rates.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2004

Recently, the incidence of perinatally detected asymptomatic adrenal gland masses has increased because of widespread use of radiological diagnostic tools. However, optimal treatment of these masses has not been determined. The aim of this study is to elucidate the treatment guideline of perinatally diagnosed adrenal gland masses. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 11 patients with asymptomatic adrenal gland mass, detected perinatally, between 1999 and 2004. Six cases were detected by prenatal ultrasound and 5 cases were incidentally detected by postnatal ultrasound. Six patients (surgery group) underwent mass excision. The pathologic diagnoses were neuroblastoma (n=4), adrenocortical adenoma (n=1) and adrenal pseudocyst (n=1). The indications for operation were suspicion of neuroblastoma (n=5) or absence of size decrease during observation (n=1). Three of the 5 suspicious cases of neuroblastoma and one case under observation were proven to be neuroblastoma. There was no surgical complication in the urgery group. All neuroblastoma patients have been well during the follow up period ($24.4{\pm}14.4$ month) without evidence of recurrence. Five cases (observation group) were closely observed because of the benign possibility or size decrease in follow up ultrasound. During the observation period ($39{\pm}21$ week), 4 cases showed complete spontaneous resolution and 1 case showed markedly decreased size of the mass but could not be followed up completely. Surgical resection of the perinatally diagnosed asymptomatic adrenal gland mass is a safe treatment method especially in case of suspicion of neuroblastoma, but closed observation can be applied.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2015

Three dogs having adrenal masses detected on ultrasonographic examination were underwent computed tomography (CT) for surgery. After adrenalectomy, each mass was diagnosed pheochromocytoma with myelolipoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and adrenal adenoma through histopathology. Five minutes were used to get delayed enhanced CT images. Attenuation value was measured in each mass and the absolute and relative percentage of enhancement washout were calculated.