• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2016

Combating anaemia is a global public health challenge of the developing world. Nutritional anaemia is a serious health problem faced by Indian school children. An investigation was taken up to study the effect of non iron containing Ayurvedic preparation Sootshekhar Rasa (SR) plus Sitopaladi Churna (SC) along with iron and folic acid (IFA) for improving nutritional anaemia among adolescent school going students of Dehradun district in Northern India. The blinded, controlled randomized trial comprised of 820 adolescents anaemic students aged 11 - 18 years. The anaemic students were randomly divided into 4 groups, students of group I (control) received starch, group II, III, and IV students received daily dose of (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg), IFA and (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg) + IFA, respectively. All the students received treatment for 90days and were followed up for next 180days. At the end of follow-up (day 270), significant increase of haemoglobin (Hb) level from the base line was recorded in all treatment groups. The maximum gain in Hb concentration was noted in group IV (10.1 ± 0.6 g/L), which was significantly higher than any other group. There were 123 drop-outs; however, no major side effect of treatment was noted in any student. We conclude that daily dose of (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg) along with IFA can produce sustainable improvement of nutritional anaemia in adolescent students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-359
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• 2020

This study utilizes raw data from the first-ever Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 2017 and its purpose is to identify factors that influences Daily toothbrushing frequency and use of oral health care products for adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in conjunction with their mothers. Factors affecting Daily toothbrushing frequency of adolescents are: Whether the mother smokes or not, and Daily toothbrushing frequency for the mother. The more the mother younger and smoked and brushed her teeth, the higher the number of sessions increased for the adolescent child. The higher the mothers' level of education and use of oral care products were the greater the adolescent child's use of oral care products became. As a result, the study determined that the oral health of adolescents and of their mothers are closely related. A program to educate adolescents and mothers to promote the oral health of adolescents should be developed, and continuously and systematically implemented at home and school.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.232-252
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• 2009

This study investigated dieting behavior, awareness of body shapes, and eating disorders in female adolescents according to age and BMI. The Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescents (EAT-26KA) and sociocultural standards were used to measure eating disorders and sociocultural attitudes related to appearance, respectively. In addition, the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) scale was used to measure the correlation between disordered eating and depression. The data were collected from 390 female adolescents living in Seoul and were analyzed using SPSS15.0. The results indicated that subjects wanted to be thinner despite having a normal body weight (BMI 19.35${\pm}$2.73). They also thought of themselves as fat and with desires to be slimmer, and viewed "diet and exercise" as the best way to lose weight. About 67.4% of the respondents had tried a diet and had experienced dizziness, anorexia, and general exhaustion while dieting. Also, 5.1% of the subjects were classified as eating disorder and suffered from stress to be thin. In addition, 85.0% of the subjects with eating disorder had tried a diet due to "appearance". They thought that "being underweight" was an ideal body image and considered themselves fat, although their BMIs were in the normal range (19.94${\pm}$2.02). In terms of symptoms during dieting, many of the subjects dealing with an eating disorder felt dizzy, had low energy, and were depressed. In conclusion, we must educate young females about healthy eating and positive body image to prevent the development of adolescent eating disorders.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term creatine intake on muscle fatigue induced by resistance exercise in healthy adolescent men, i.e., lactic acid concentration and wrist and head tremor measured by an accelerometer. [Methods] Twelve healthy adolescent men who had no experience with creatine intake were included. The subjects were randomly assigned to the creatine group and the placebo group, followed by 5 days of creatine and placebo intake, and 5 times of 5 sets of leg press, leg extension, bench press, and arm curl exercises at 70% repetition maximum (RM). The lactic acid concentration before and after exercising, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and accelerometer-based wrist tremor and head tremor during exercise were measured. Subsequently, after 7 days to allow for creatine washout, the same exercise treatment and measurement were performed in each group after switching drug and placebo between the groups. [Results] The level of lactic acid before and after the acute resistance exercise trial was significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group (P <0.05). The mean RPE during the resistance exercise was significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group (P <0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in the mean wrist tremor during resistance exercise, but the mean head tremor values were significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group in the arm curl, the last event of the exercise trials (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Short-term creatine intake reduces the blood fatigue factor increased by resistance exercise, and is thought to suppress fatigue, especially in the latter half of resistance exercise. Therefore, these findings indicate that short-term creatine intake can have an improved effect on anaerobic exercise performance.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.875-889
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to assess a dietary status and to examine the factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents. For this study, 5,576 subjects aged 10~18 years, who participated in the health and dietary intake survey (24h recall method) of the 2007~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were sampled. The five components for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the subjects were taken from the modified NCEP-ATP III. The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects was 4.6%. The total prevalences of the metabolic syndrome components among the subjects were central obesity 8.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 18.8%, low HDL-cholesterol 13.4%, hypertension 22.4%, and hyperglycemia 5.2%. The gender, age, weight status, frequency of daily meals and eating-out frequency of subjects affected the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Based on these results, There should be to improve the dietary guidelines and nutrition education to decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for Korean children and adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2017

Although adolescents' obesity prevalence increases recently in Korea due to Westernized dietary life, according to social and economic development, and physical activity decline, distorted body image and improper dietary habits are prevalent, because of excessive obsession with weight control, deriving from psychological impacts including appearance supremacy. This study conducted a survey on health oriented awareness and attitude related with dietary habits targeting adolescents, such as high school students and college students, younger than 24, from May 11 to May 29, 2015. In this study, 280 questionnaire copies were collected out of 300 distributed questionnaire copies, and used 269 copies as analysis data, except 11 copies of which responses were inadequate. The results of this study are as follows: First, the high school students showed higher dietary regularity than the college students. Especially, 95.5% of the college students showed very high irregularity of lunch, compared with just 4.5% of the high school students. Second, the adolescents showed distorted perceived body image in comparison with body mass index (BMI). As a result of examining BMI relationship, according to one's own perception on body type, 28.6% of the respondents perceived themselves fat, despite normal BMI, and 40.4% of the respondents perceived themselves normal, despite low BMI. Third, health behavior activities level was higher, as the regularity of breakfast (B=1.093), lunch, (B=0.650), and dinner (B=0.765) was higher. The variable affecting the most ( ${\beta}=0.372$) was the regularity of breakfast. As interest in weight control was higher, health behavior activities was lower. Because over-interest in weight control may be linked with improper dietary habits or weight control, a caution is needed. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basic data for the policy and health-oriented program development to improve adolescents' health behavior practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2001

The study was conducted to assess the association or physical activity, television watching and energy intake with body fat in 514 adolescents(218 boys, 296 girls) aged 14-17 years. Comparison of the weight status evaluated according to some indicators based on weight and stature was made. The quantitative food frequency was used to determine intakes of total energy and energy from each macronutrient. Television-watching time was used as an index of inactivity and time spent performing extra-curricular physical exercise or playing was used a index of activity, BMI(body mass index) was used as index of body fat. Weight status varied by the indicators used. Using BMI, Broca and Rohrer index, 54-59% of boys and 38-57% of girls were underweight decreased(23% of boys and 26% of girls) and the of overweight increased (9.3% of boys and 7.8% girls), when adolescents whose BMI are<=15th percentiles for age and sex, and >= 85th percentiles of standard growth charts of Korean Children and aldosescents(1998) were classified as underweight and overweight, respectively, Girls tended to get fatter compared to boys who showed greater skeletal development. There were no significant correlations between BMI and total energy intake, energy intakes from macronutrient and physical activity level. These lack of association seems to be related to indication that BMI reflects total body mass rather than fatness. Mpreover, the effect of growth may interact with diet intake or physical activity level. Although BMI was not related to physical activity, television-watching time was negatively correlated with physical activity. Television-watching time was positiviely correlated with energy intake in girls. In adolescents, criteria for weigh status based on weight and stature must be age- and sex-specific in that weight status varied by indicators whether gender and higher were taken into consideration or not. If follows that each hourly increment of television watching may be related to fatness of adolescents, because hours certainly reduce the opportunity to be active and increase th energy intake.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):39-47, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.190-201
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• 1998

This study was carried out with 505(243 boys and 262 girls in the Sungnam area) high school students to investigate the effects of eating behavior and anthropometric variables of weight and height on excercise performance. General characteristics about subjects and eating behavior were surveyed by questionnaire, anthropometric data were collected using two methods. The weight and height of subjects in 1996 were measured, but the same data in 1995 were collected from health records of each student. Body fat content of subjects was measured by BIA(Body Impedance Analysis). The grades of exercise performance, which were evaluated by physical education teachers were collected from records of a physical strength test score of each subject. From these, the following result were found. Groups with different eating behaviors such as skipping meals, overeating, food preference for a specific food(milk, carbonated drink etc.) were significantly different in their weight and height and body fat contents. The growth rate of height in first and second grade boys was significantly higher than that for grade boys. The amount of weight gain from second grade to third grade was significantly more than that of other grades both for boys and girls. The mean of BMI was $21.66\pm{2.95}$ in boy, $21.50\pm{2.62}$ in girls. The percentage of body fat was $24.91\pm{6.55%}$ in boy $34.73\pm{4.88%}$ in girls. Amounts of body fat were significantly increased in third grade. The group with higher fat content and the higher BMI group had lower values of physical strength. And the ability to exercises perform decreased significantly by promotion of grade. The other variables such as degree of concern about weight control and preference of exercise, and frequencies of exercise per week were significant factors in body fat content and physical strength. As a countermeasure for these problems, nutrition and health education must be developed for adolescents and a practical, proper physical activity guidance campaign for them is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.606-614
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the attitude to various soy foods and to estimate dietary isoflavone intake among Korean adolescents. The survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire with 800 middle and high school students residing in urban and rural areas and 714 questionnaires were collected: resulting in 89% response rate. The dietary isoflavone intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire developed for rapid assessment of isoflavone intake. Soybean paste, soybean curd, soy milk, bean sprouts and dambuk were recognized as nutritious and healthy food in order. Dambuk got the lowest score in taste and flavor. Bean sprouts, soybean curd and soybean paste were recognized as familiar food in order. Stuffed rice in fried soybean curd got the highest score and Miso soup got the lowest in preference. More than 50% of the subjects consumed soybean paste stew/soup and soybean curd over twice per week and 12.3% of the subjects consumed soybean over once a day. The estimated daily intake of isoflavones ranged from 0 to 227 mg, and the mean daily isoflavone intake of the subjects was 28.1 mg (16.3 mg genistein and 12.0 mg daidzein) whereas the median value of isoflavone intake was 19.7 mg. There was statistically significant relationship among Kyung Gi Do, Chung cheung Do and Seoul residents in their intake of isoflavone. The highest monthly income group consumed isoflavone more than the other groups. These results suggest that Korean adolescent perceived the soybean dishes as high quality foods but they didn't take much because of difficulty to cook or less chance to eat. Nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming soy foods for prevention of chronic diseases related to dietary isoflavone intake. More detailed information on easy cook method of soy food is also needed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors as well as energy and nutrient intake in elementary and middle school students according to breakfast eating status. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and dietary records among 191 elementary school students and 280 middle school students residing in Chungnam. The subjects were divided into two groups according to frequency of eating breakfast: breakfast skipping (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week) and breakfast eating (frequency of eating breakfast over 5 times/week). The rate of breakfast skipping was 27.2% for the elementary school students and 31.1% for the middle school students. The breakfast skipping group had a significantly lower frequency of having dinner, a lower proportion of eating at regular meal times, and a significantly higher frequency of leaving food after meals than the breakfast eating group for both elementary and middle school students. In the case of the elementary students, there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake between the two groups. In the case of the middle school students, the intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, Ca, and Fe in the breakfast skipping group were significantly lower than those in the breakfast eating group. These results show that nutrient deficiencies among breakfast skipping individuals cannot be compensated for at the other meals during the day in middle school-aged adolescents whose nutrient requirements are high for growth. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to promote and support breakfast eating in adolescents.