• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.789-796
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• 1997

The effects of MCC and palm oil at different levels on lipid metabolism were assessed in adolescent rat. Dietary fat levels were 20% and 40% (kcal/kcal) and MCC level were 0%, 2%, and 4% (wt/wt). The experimental period took 8 weeks. During the experiment, weight gain and food efficiency ration were not affected by dietary factors. The weight of thymus however, was lower in high fat groups than in middle fat groups. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in plasma and HDL-cholesterol in plasma and HDL-cholesterol were significantly affected by dietary factors. The concentrations of cholesterol in LDL and VLDL , and the triglyceride content of VLDL was higher in high fat groups than in middle fat groups. Adding MCC lowered the LDL triglyceride in the high fat groups. The analysis of plasma fatty acids generally reflected the composition of the dietary palm oil. MCC had significant effects on total lipid and triglyceride of feces, but not on total cholesterol . In conclusion, the level of MCC had little hypolipodemic effects on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. the middle fat group that contained 4% MCC showed increased contents of fecal triglyceride than the others, indicating that MCC had an effect on lipid absorption. Therefore, the other physiological functions of MCC need to be tested for their useful applications.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to compare the obesity related dietary factors among rural middle school students living in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 162.7$\pm$8.6cm and 53.9$\pm$9.8kg in 220 male students and 158.4$\pm$6.2cm and 51.0$\pm$7.6kg in 210 female student. Mean BMIs for boys and girls were 19.00$\pm$2.35 and 19.30$\pm$2.45, respectively. 71.36% of male students and 71.9% of female students were underweight by the BMI index. Students who skipped the breakfast were up to 66.8%. The reasons for skipping a meal for both sexes were significantly different. Compared to males, more female respondents felt guilty and depressed related to eating. Furthermore, females were more significantly concerned about body image, diet and body weight (p<0.001), and they were not satisfied with their weight. The sources of information on obesity and diet were radio and TV in males, while females gathered information from magazines and friends. The ideal body weight of male students was heavier than the actual body weight while female students desired a thinner body shape. In conclusion, a different approach for nutrition education based on sex should be developed, and implemented fur adolescents.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Purpose: Height-specific blood pressure (BP) is the standard parameter used to diagnose childhood hypertension. However, there has been some argument that weight may be a better variable than height in the reference BP standards. Therefore, before assessing the BP status using the reference BP standards, a basic understanding of the fundamental association of weight and height with BP is required. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the correlation of BP with height and weight in Korean adolescents (age, 10-19 years), using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2009-2011). Results: Systolic BP (SBP) was more closely correlated with weight than with height in the normal weight (body mass index [BMI], ${\leq}85th$ percentile) and overweight (BMI, >85th percentile) groups and in the normal waist circumference (WC, ${\leq}90th$ percentile) and high WC (>90th percentile) groups in both sexes. Diastolic BP (DBP) had a higher correlation with height than with weight in the normal weight and normal WC groups, whereas weight was more closely associated with DBP than height in the overweight and high WC groups in both boys and girls. Conclusion: In Korean adolescents, weight had a greater effect on SBP than height in both the normal weight and overweight groups. DBP was mainly affected by height in the normal weight group, whereas weight was the major determinant of DBP in the overweight group. Therefore, it may be necessary to consider weight in the establishment of reference BP standards.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1999

This study was conducted with 20 female gymnasts and 23 age-matched controls to examine pattern, weight control behavior and nutritional status. Most gymnasts(95.0%) reported that they used weight-control methods, while relatively few age-matched controls employed these methods. These methods included sauna(95.0%), food restriction(90.0%), excess exercise (70.0%), laxative abuse(10%) and use of diet pills(10%). Gymnasts had significantly (p<0.05) lower scores for statements related to 'sneaking food', 'vomiting after overeating', showing more negative eating behavior than age-matched controls. Energy intake of gymnasts was 968.9$\pm$421.4kcal while energy expenditure was 2,091$\pm$361kcal, showing negative evergy balance(-1,1225$\pm$534.6kcal). Female gymnasts consumed less than 70% of the RDA for protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin, which reflects their low energy intake. The average intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin did not meet the recommended dietary allowances for their age groups. Adolescent athletes who train vigorously and consume a low-energy diet may be exposed to an increase in potential health risks. Therefore, individuals who advise athletic adolescents regarding training and dietary habits need to emphasize the importance of consuming an appropriate energy intake to support performance as well as growth and development. The sports nutritionist is in a position to convey such information to coaches, physicians, parents and to the athletes themselves.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vitamin & mineral supplement use by the adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy-two adolescent boys and girls attending middle or high schools were chosen from various cities and rural communities in Korea. In this study, the factors affecting vitamin & mineral supplement use were analyzed from a self-administered questionnaire. It was found that vitamin & mineral supplements were taken by 31.3% of subjects. High school students(p<.01), female girl students(p<.001), and rural-dwellers(p<.001) took vitamin & mineral supplements more frequently than their complementing groups. The socioeconomic status of the family (p<.01), and supplement consumption by parents and siblings respectively affected the supplement use by the subjects(p<.001). Vitamin·mineral supplements were consumed more often in subjects who perceived their health as poor(p<.001), skipped breakfast(p<.05), and received nutritional information from books or magazines(p<.05). However, food habits and nutritional knowledge score of subjects did not affect vitamin & mineral supplement use. These findings suggest that adolescents take vitamin & mineral supplements commonly, and they tend to use supplements without prescription. Vitamin·mineral supplement consumption seems to be affected by general characteristics, health related variables, and meal management attitudes of subjects. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education are required in regard to the used of vitamin & mineral supplements, and the relationship between balanced diet and good health for the adolescents.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1997

This study was conducted to observe the relationship between diet and blood pressure for Korean(kangwha) and Nepali adolescents. 542 middle school students in Korea and 159 students in Nepal in the same age(14-15yr) group were investigated as the study subjects. Data for blood pressure as well as weight and diet were collected for the analysis. multiple regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors among the variables considered. As the results, the mean body weight of body weight of boys and girls in Kangwha was 54.5Kg, 50.6Kg which was 17Kg and 10Kg heavier than the weight of the Nepal students. Dietary survey result showed that there was no big difference in energy intake in Kangwha and Nepal students., Mean energy intake of Kangwha boys was 2, 848kcal and that of Nepal boys was 2, 720 kcal. The similar result showed significantly lower intake in other nutreints than that of Kangwha subjects whose consumption level was close to the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that weight was the greatest influencing factor on blood pressure both in Kangwha and in Nepal subjects. Nevertheless, after controlling the weight factor, there were axxociations observed between diet and blood pressure. And the relationship was stronger in case of Nepal than in Kangwha.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Purpose: Constipation is a common pediatric problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric constipation in south Jordan according to gender and age group. Methods: All patients with constipation managed at our pediatric gastroenterology service between September 2009 and December 2012 were included. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed according to gender and the following age groups: infants, pre-school, school age, and adolescents. Results: During the study period, 126 patients were enrolled. The number (percentage) of patients according to age were the following infants: 43 (34.1%), pre-school: 55 (43.7%), school age: 25 (19.8%), and adolescents: 3 (2.4%). Males made up 54.8% of the study population. There were no statistical gender differences in any age group. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost one-half of the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school-aged children compared to pre-school-aged children and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of the constipated children. Abdominal pain was more prevalent in girls and older children. Fecal mass in the rectum was the most common physical finding, with constipated boys exhibiting higher rates. Functional constipation was the most common etiology. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of constipation in children vary according to age group and gender. Older children had less frequent bowel motions, a longer duration of symptoms, and a higher prevalence of long-standing constipation compilations (fecal incontinence and abdominal pain).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the body weight perception of adolescents and to investigate the difference between mental health and weight control behavior according to body weight perception. Methods: Study data on 12-18 years old adolescents with normal BMI was obtained from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). Rao-Scott Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for the analysis. Results: The percentage of adolescents with a misperception of body weight was 43.3%, and their subjective health status (p=.013), stress perception (p=.001), and depression (p=.001) were worse than for adolescents who had the correct perception of their body weight. The percentage of adolescents who were trying to lose weight while perceiving their body weight as normal was 36.9%. Body weight control behavior had significant differences according to dietary intake (frequency of eating dinner (p=.015)), energy intake (p=.004), and carbohydrate intake (p<.001), but there was no significant difference according to exercise. Conclusion: Parents, school teachers, and nurses should make efforts to ensure that Korean adolescents perceive their body weight correctly, and prevent unhealthy weight control behaviors.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2019

Characterizing inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn's disease (CD) is necessary to guide clinical management, but distinguishing the two remains challenging. Novel ultrasound (US) techniques: contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE) offer great potential in evaluating disease activity in pediatric patients. Three patients ages 16 to 20 with known CD underwent CEUS and SWE to characterize bowel wall inflammation and fibrosis. Magnetic resonance enterography, endoscopy, or surgical pathology findings are also described when available. The patients' disease activity included acute inflammation, chronic inflammation with stricture formation, and a fibrotic surgical anastomosis without inflammation. CEUS was useful in determining the degree of inflammation, and SWE identified bowel wall fibrosis. Used together these techniques allow for better characterization of the degree of fibrosis and inflammation in bowel strictures. With further validation CEUS and SWE may allow for improved characterization of bowel strictures and disease flares in pediatric patients suffering from CD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.564-570
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• 2021

Perianal fistulizing diseases, namely perianal fistulas and/or abscesses, are well-known complications of Crohn's disease (CD). These are known to develop more frequently in Asian children with CD, especially in the early stages of the disease course. Approximately half of the pediatric CD cases in Korea present with perianal fistulizing diseases at diagnosis. We report a rare case of a 12-year-old boy with CD with an incidental discovery of a perianal abscess on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging during CD diagnosis. No symptoms or signs of perianal fistulizing disease were identified. The early diagnosis of the perianal abscess enabled timely and effective treatment. Considering the high incidence of concomitant perianal CD in Korean children at diagnosis, perianal imaging may be useful and should be considered during diagnostic evaluation, even in patients with no subjective or objective findings indicating perianal CD.