• Solar Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The phenomena of energy separation through the vortex tube was investigated experimentally, to see the effect of nozzle area ratio and partial admission rate on the energy separation and cooling capacity. The experiment was tarried out with various nozzle area ratios from 0.031 to 0.232 and partial admission rate from 0.176 to 0.956 by varying input pressure($0.2{\si\m}0.5$ MPa) and cold air mass fraction($y=0.1{\sim}1.0$). From the experimental result, we found the optimum nozzle area ratio and the effective partial admission rate for the available use and best cooling performance in given operation condition. While the maximum drop of cold air temperature was observed at around y=0.3 and $S_n=0.155$, the maximum cooling capacity was observed at around y=0.6 and $S_n=0.094$.

• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2018

Objective As aging progresses, clinical characteristics of elderly patients in the emergency department (ED) vary by age. We aimed to study differences among elderly patients in the ED by age group. Methods For 2 years, patients aged 65 and older were enrolled in the study and classified into three groups: youngest-old, ages 65 to 74 years; middle-old, 75 to 84 years; and oldest-old, ${\geq}85years$. Participants' sex, reason for ED visit, transfer from another hospital, results of treatment, type of admission, admission department and length of stay were recorded. Results During the study period, a total 64,287 patients visited the ED; 11,236 (17.5%) were aged 65 and older, of whom 14.4% were 85 and older. With increased age, the female ratio (51.5% vs. 54.9% vs. 69.1%, P<0.001), medical causes (79.5% vs. 81.3% vs. 81.7%, P=0.045), and admission rate (35.3% vs. 42.8% vs. 48.5%, P<0.001) increased. Admissions to internal medicine (57.5% vs. 59.3% vs. 64.7%, P<0.001) and orthopedic surgery (8.5% vs. 11.6% vs. 13.8%, P<0.001) also increased. The ratio of admission to intensive care unit showed no statistical significance (P=0.545). Patients over age 85 years had longer stays in the ED (330.9 vs. 378.9 vs. 407.2 minutes, P<0.001), were discharged home less (84.4% vs. 78.9% vs. 71.5%, P<0.001), and died more frequently (6.3% vs. 10.4% vs. 13.0%, P<0.001). Conclusion With increased age, the proportion of female patients and medical causes increased. Rates of admission and death increased with age and older patients had longer ED and hospital stays.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.5
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• pp.487-492
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• 2003

To satisfy the requirements for QoS of Users using multimedia content stream service, it is required to control mechanism for QoS based on class priority, URFA classifies the user by two classes (super class, base class) and controls the admission ratio of user's requests by user's class information. URFA increases the admission ratio class and utilization ratio of stream server resources.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

This study was designed to identify the risk factors of unplanned readmission in a university hospital. The six-month discharge information from January to June, 2000 in a tertiary university hospital was used as a source of data through the medical record and hospital information system. To increase the effect of comparison. the data were collected by sampling 192 couples (384 patients) of unplanned readmission group through the matching by its disease groups, sex, and age. The accuracy of prediction for unplanned readmission was analyzed by constructing the predicted model of unplanned readmission through the logistic regression. The study results are as follows. The conditional logistic regression analysis was performed with nine variables at the significance level 0.05 through univariate analysis including residence, days after discharge, initial admission route, previous admission, transfer to special care unite, hospital stay days, medical care expenses, special cares, and laboratory and imaging services. As a result, the closer the patients live in Seoul and Gyeong-in area (Odds ratio=2.529, p=0.003), the shorter the days after discharge was (Odds ratio=0.600, p=0.000), and the more frequent admission rate was (Odds ratio=2.317, p=0.004), the more unplanned readmission was resulted. Also, the accuracy of prediction for data classification of this regression model showed $70.3\%$(032+83/306).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-60
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• 1992

Clinical observation was done on 496cases of the Out-patients and 136cases of the In-patients more than 65 years of age in Department of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from March 1991 to February 1992. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of senile (more than 65 years of age) was 16.4% in total Out-patients, was 38.1% in total In-patients. 2. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.1 in the Out-patients, In-patients was 1.2:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group, the female more than the male in 70 th's group. 3. The diagnostic distribution was noted in the Out-patients as follows, Respiratory Dis. 50.6%, Cardiovascular Dis 16.4%, Brain Neurogic Dis. 14.5%, Gastrointestinal Dis. 8.1%. in the In-patients. Brain Neurogic Dis. was 76.5%, Cardiovascular Dis was 19.8%. 4. The ratio of the season distribution in the Out-patients was as follows, spring 40.2%, winter 21.2%, summer 20.9%, in the In-patients. winter was 35.9%, autumn was 25.0%, spring was 19.9%. 5. The utilization of therapeutic clinic before coming the Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ, was as follows, the ratio of the Out-patients was noted a hospital or clinic was 57.1%, no-treatment 22.9%, a oriental medical hospital or clinic was 8.3%. In the admission was noted no-treatment was 38.3%, a oriental medical hospital or clinic was 35.3%. 6. The ratio of the periods from onset to Out-patients department was noted within 5days was 7.3%, over 1 year was 52.6%. In the admission was noted within 1 day was 41.9%, within 7 days was 71.8%. 7. The ratio of the therapeutic periods in the Out-patients department was noted within 10 days was 48.3%, over 60 days was 7.1%. 8. The ratio of the admission periods was noted within 10 days was 45.6%, the median of the admissio was 10.8 days. Brain Neurogic Dis's median was 20.2 days. 9. The therapeutic result was noted the case of improvement was 75.7% in the admission. 10. The ratio of the Out-patients department after discharging was 53.7%, in the case of Brain Neurogic Dis. was 60.7%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

In this paper, to provide various services of QoS, and moreover applying traffic ratio to CAC(Call Admission Control) algorithm tested how long average data rate and the average packet delay time. When CAC algorithm is not applied, traffic mixture ratio is 1:1:4:4, the FTP Service 0.4, web services 0.6, streaming service 0.7, the packet delay requirements are not satisfied. On the other hand CAC Algorithm is applied, all the service of packet delay are satisfied with arrival rate. Therefore, we can make sure that applying of CAC of traffic control WWW, FTP, Video, VoIP can guarantee the various services of QoS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1983

The effect of ginseng administration on the patients of acute viral (B type) hepatitis has been oberved and the results were as follows. The albumin/globulin ratio of the ginseng administered group has significantly improved 4 weeks after admission while that of control group has not been improved suggesting that the ginseng might be effective in improving the protein metabolism. The thymol turbidity test again gave a similar result. Recovery of the disorder of bilirubin metabolism was also accelerated in the ginseng administered group compared with control group. The raised bilirubin value of the former returnedto the normal value 2 week after admission while that of the latter reached to normal 4-5 weeks after admission. However no significant difference of the bilirubin level between ginseng treated and non-treated groups could be observed. Cholesterol metabolism is also stimulated in ginseng administered group. The lowered cholesterol level of the ginseng group returned to normal 3-4 weeks after admission while that of latter reached to normal 5-6 weeks after admission. The raised S-GOT and S-GPT levels of the ginseng treated group returned to the normal value 3-4 weeks after admission while those of control group rehimed to normal in 5 weeks after admission suggesting that the ginseng improved impaired liver function. The improvement of the raised transaminase level seemed to be accelerate6 by the ginseng administration, however, no significant difference of the transaminase level between the ginseng treated and non-treated group could be observed. A significant effect of ginseng on the raised alkaline phosphatase level was observed. From the above results, it seemed that ginseng might stimulate the improvement of the disturbance of liver function, particularly at the early phase of its development of acute liver disease suggesting that panax ginseng might play a significant role in preventing the disease developing to be chronic.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2003

Recently there is a growing interest in mobile cellular network providing multimedia service. However, the link bandwidth of mobile cellular network is not sufficient enough to provide satisfactory services to users. To overcome this problem, an adaptive framework has been proposed. In this study, we propose a new method of estimating DPR(Degradation Period Ratio) in an adaptive multimedia network where the bandwidth of ongoing call can be dynamically adjusted during its lifetime. DPR is a QoS(Quality of Service) parameter which represents the ratio of allocated bandwidth below a pre-defined target to the whole service time of a call. We improve estimation method of DPR using DTMC(Discrete Time Markov Chain) model by calculate mean degradation period, degradation probability more precisely than in existing studies. Under Threshold CAC(Call Admission Control) algorithm, we present analytically how to guarantee QoS to users and illustrate the method by numerical examples. The proposed method is expected to be used as one of CAC schemes in guaranteeing predefined QoS level of DPR.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2008

In this paper, we study a dynamic price-based call admission control algorithm for communication networks. When a call arrives at the network, the network calculates the price for the call such that its expected revenue is maximized. The optimal price is dynamically adjusted based on some information of the call, and the congestion level of the network. If the call accept the price, it is admitted. Otherwise, it is rejected. Simulation results show that our dynamic pricing algorithm provides higher call admission ratio and lower price than the static algorithm [1][2], even though they provide almost the same revenue.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.6A
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• pp.565-572
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• 2007

3G Long Term Evolution (3G LTE) is a next generation cellular networks system capable or providing various mobile multimedia services by using OFDMA and MIMO based radio access technology. Among many differences from existing WCDMA based systems, the facts that 3G LTE uses Physical Resource Block (PRB) as its radio resources and provides all services through the PS domain make the development of new resource management schemes necessary. This paper proposes an adaptive partitioning based downlink call admission control scheme. It separates realtime call requests from non-realtime ones, specifies maximum allowable resource amounts for each type, but if the maximum is exceeded, call requests are accepted with probability proportional to remaining resource amounts. Despite the fact that such adaptive concept has been already adopted by other call admission schemes, the contributions of our paper, which are that we are able to find an efficient way to apply the proposed scheme exploiting PRB characteristics and measure the resource usage of base stations by PRB utilization and payload ratio, are still valid. When judging from simulation results in comparison with others, our scheme is able to prioritize realtime call requests over non-realtime ones, and at the same time, overall system performance is superior.