• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most common tumor predisposition syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant (100% penetrance) fashion with a wide variety of expressivity. From the perspective of plastic surgery, the most significant clinical symptoms, including disfiguration, peripheral neurologic symptoms, and skeletal abnormalities, are caused by various tumors originating from the affected nerves. Surgical removal is the standard of care for these tumors. However, the outcome is frequently unsatisfactory, facilitating the search for additional therapeutic adjuvants. Current trials of molecularly targeted therapies are promising.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.288-298
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• 2023

Host defense peptides are expressed in various immune cells, including phagocytic cells and epithelial cells. These peptides selectively alter innate immune pathways in response to infections by pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and modify the subsequent adaptive immune environment. Consequently, they play a wide range of roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. These peptides are of increasing importance due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and their functions as mediators linking innate and adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on the pleiotropic biological functions and related mechanisms of action of human host defense peptides and discusses their potential clinical applications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.370-387
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased demand for safe and effective vaccines. Research to develop vaccines against diseases including Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebolavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and various cancers would also contribute to global well-being. For successful vaccine development, the advancement of technologies such as antigen (Ag) screening, Ag delivery systems and adjuvants, and manufacturing processes is essential. Ag delivery systems are required not only to deliver a sufficient amount of Ag for vaccination, but also to enhance immune response. In addition, Ag types and their delivery systems determine the manufacturing processes of the vaccine product. Here, we analyze the characteristics of various Ag delivery systems: plasmids, viral vectors, bacterial vectors, nanoparticles, self-assembled particles, natural and artificial cells, and extracellular vesicles. This review provides insight into the current vaccine landscape and highlights promising avenues of research for the development and improvement of Ag delivery systems.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.45-45
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• 2023

Autophagy contributes to enhancing the immune system (innate and adaptive immune system) against foreign pathogens. Autophagy of macrophages is used as a major indicator for developing vaccine adjuvants to increase the adaptive immune response. In this study, RAL increased the production of immunostimulatory mediators and phagocytotic activity in RAW264.7 cells. RAL increased p62/SQSTM1 expression. Inhibition of TLR4, JNK, and PI3K/AKT blocked RAL-mediated increase of p62/SQSTM1. RAL activated JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling. RAL-mediated activation of JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling was reversed by TLR4 inhibition. Taken together, it is believed that RAL-mediated autophagy may be dependent on activating via TLR4-dependent activation of JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling in macrophages.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disorder of energy metabolism characterized by a sustained elevation of blood glucose in conjunction with impaired insulin action in multiple peripheral tissues (i.e., insulin resistance). Although extensive research has been conducted to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM, its global prevalence and associated mortailty rates are still increasing, possibly because of challenges related to long-term adherence, limited efficacy, and undesirable side effects of currently available medications, implying an urgent need to develop effective and safe pharmacotherapies for DM. Phytochemicals have recently drawn attention as novel pharmacotherapies for DM based on their clinical relevance, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Ginsenosides, pharmacologically active ingredients primarily found in ginseng, have long been used as adjuvants to traditional medications in Asian countries and have been reported to exert promising therapeutic efficacy in various metabolic diseases, including hyperglycemia and diabetes. This review summarizes the current pharmacological effects of ginsenosides and their mechanistic insights for the treatment of insulin resistance and DM, providing comprehensive perspectives for the development of novel strategies to treat DM and related metabolic complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2024

After the successful development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these innovative treatment options are rapidly being applied in the adjuvant setting for early-stage NSCLC. Some adjuvants that have recently been approved include osimertinib for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated tumors and atezolizumab and pembrolizumab for selected patients with resectable NSCLC. Numerous studies on various targeted therapies and immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy are currently ongoing in the adjuvant setting. However, several questions regarding optimal strategies for adjuvant treatment remain unanswered. The present review summarizes the available literature, focusing on recent advances and ongoing trials with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2006

복숭아 백도 품종에 칼슘의 효과를 평가하기 위해 $CaCl_2$을 포장에서 엽면시비 하였다. 엽면시비는 $CaCl_2$ 단용 살포와 $CaCl_2(Ca:\;400mg.kg^{-1})$ 과 보조제(amino acid: $2g.kg^{-1}$, phytic acid: $2ml.kg^{-1}$ 및 wood vinegar: $2g.kg^{-1}$)를 혼용하여 6월 21부터 7월 4일까지 7일 간격으로 4번 살포하였다. 수확기에 잎과 과실에 Ca함량, 과실 강도, 당도, Monilinia fructicola에 의한 잿빛무늬병을 조사하였다. 저장 과실의 품질조사는 실온에서 14동안 저장 후 Ca 함량, 과실의 강도, 당도 및 자연부패 율을 조사하였다. 수확기 잎과 과실에 Ca 함량은 $CaCl_2+amino$ acid 처리구에서 가장 높았으나(P=0.05), 과피에 Ca 함량은 처리구간에 유의차이가 없었다. 과실경도는 $CaCl_2+amino$ acid 처리구에서 가장 높았다(P=0.05). 실온에서 14일 저장기간 중 자연부패(Rhizopus stolonifers)에 의한 부패 율은 $CaCl_2+wood$ vinegar 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 과실의 경도는 $CaCl_2$와 보조제를 혼용 처리한 구에서 높았다. 포장에서 잿빛무늬병의 발생 억제율과 잿빛무늬병원균(Monilinia fructicola)으로 인공 접종한 실내시험에서 발병 억제율을 조사한 결과 $CaCl_2+phytic$ acid과 $CaCl_2+amino$ acid 처리한 구에서 가장 효과가 높았다. 이들 결과는 과실의 칼슘함량 과 과실경도 증가, 병 발생 억제 및 자연부패 방지는 $CaCl_2$과 보조제를 혼용하여 엽면 살포할 경우 정의 상관관계가 있다는 것을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1461-1471
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• 2017

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and its non-toxic mutant (LTm) are well-known powerful mucosal adjuvants and immunogens. However, the yields of these adjuvants from genetically engineered strains remain at extremely low levels, thereby hindering their extensive application in fundamental and clinical research. Therefore, efficient production of these adjuvant proteins from genetically engineered microbes is a huge challenge in the field of molecular biology. In order to explore the expression bottlenecks of LTm in E. coli, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids based on various considerations and gene expression strategies. After comparing the protein expression among strains containing different recombinant plasmids, the signal sequence was found to be critical for the expression of LTm and its subunits. When the signal sequence was present, the strong hydrophobicity and instability of this amino acid sequence greatly restricted the generation of subunits. However, when the signal sequence was removed, abundantly expressed subunits formed inactive inclusion bodies that could not be assembled into the hexameric native form, although the inclusion body subunits could be refolded and the biological activity recovered in vitro. Therefore, the dilemma choice of signal sequence formed bottlenecks in the expression of LTm. These results reveal the expression bottlenecks of LTm, provide guidance for the preparation of LTm and its subunits, and certainly help to promote efficient preparation of this mucosal adjuvant protein.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

본 연구는 수수 지상부 부산물을 이용하여 제초활성을 검정하며 생물제초제로서의 개발 가능성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 수수 지상부 분말을 토양과 혼합하여 처리했을 때 피, 바랭이, 어저귀, 털비름의 발아 억제율은 최대 40% 정도였으며 발아한 개체들의 지상부 생육억제율은 광엽잡초인 어저귀와 털비름에서 최대 30%, 화본과잡초인 피와 바랭이에서는 30% 이하로 낮게 나타났다. 수수 지상부 추출물의 발아억제 효과는 피를 제외한 바랭이, 어저귀, 털비름에서는 $25mg\;ml^{-1}$ 이상의 농도에서 크게 나타났으며, 50%의 발아를 저해하는 농도가 피에서는 $60mg\;ml^{-1}$였으나 나머지 세 초종에서는 $1060mg\;ml^{-1}$ 이하로 작게 나타났다. 경엽처리활성을 높이기 위해 선발한 11개 전착제 중 DOS70, TM15, TDE7이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 DOS70는 주요 잡초종을 60%까지 방제할 수 있었다. 비록 수수 지상부 부산물의 잡초방제효과가 크지는 않은 것으로 나타났지만 장기적인 처리에 의한 잡초종자 및 개체밀도의 점진적인 경감이 기대된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2004

장미의 병해충 방제에 등록되어 있는 34종, 등록되어 있지 않은 5종, 그리고 보조제 3종, 충 42종의 농약에 대한 칠레이리응애(알, 약충, 성충)와 점박이응애(알, 성충)의 선택독성과 칠레이리 응애에 의한 점박이응애 밀도억제효과를 조사하였다. 살비제 중 acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide, spirodiclofen은 칠레이리응애에 대해서 독성이 낮았으나, 점박이응애에 대해서는 독성이 높았다. 살충제는 acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid＋etofenprox가 칠레이리응애와 점박이응애에 대해서 독성이 없거나 적었다. 살균제 중에는 azoxystrobin, kresoximmethyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole, oxadixyl＋mancozeb이 칠레이리응애와 점박이응애에 대해서 영향이 없었다. 농약보조제인 cover와 siloxane은 칠레이리응애에 대해서 독성이 컸으나, spreader는 영향이 없었고, 점박이응애에 대해서는 독성이 없거나 낮았다. 장미시설하우스에 서 칠레이리응애에 의한 점박이응애 밀도억제효과를 조사하기 위하여, 점박이응애의 밀도가 잎당 65.3마리였을 때, 칠레이리응애를 주당 30마리 방사하였다. 방사 후 11일에 점박이응애 밀도가 잎당 3.8마리로 크게 감소하였고, 방사 후 20일에는 잎당 0마리로 밀도억제효과가 높게 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 흰가루병 방제로 살균제 4회(kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole)와 총채벌레 방제약제를 1회(spinosad)처리하였으나, 칠레이리응애 밀도에는 영향이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 장미 병해충의 종합관리체계에서 칠레이리응애에 독성이 적은 약제와 칠레이리응애를 함께 이용할 수 있을 것이다.