• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 2001

Persistent organochlorine pesticides has been used intensively in agriculture for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chains, results in the intake of these compounds by human and animal. The measurement of the levels of organochlorine pesticides in tissues or blood of human populations is a good marker in evaluating the extent of exposure and hazards. So, most countries have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. But, in Korea, a few research has been reported. In this study, the legally prohibited organochlorines, such as, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldrin and aldrin were determined in human blood, brain, adipose tissue, kidney cortex and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 16~65 years of age. Almost all the organochlorine pesticides mentioned previously were determined in human tissue samples indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides between sexes, districts and ages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.967-971
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• 2008

We compared the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues prepared from Korean native and Yorkshire pigs that have different characteristics in growth and fat deposition. There was no significant difference in the content of most fatty acids between the two breeds, with the exception of arachidonic acid and cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid. We also investigated the transcriptional levels of genes encoding three different types of oxygenases, including cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, which metabolize arachidonic acid. We found a significant difference in the expression of the CYP genes, CYP2A13, CYP2U1 and CYP3A4, but no differences for the latter two genes between the two breeds. Our results suggest that the difference in arachidonic acid content between the two breeds was caused by differential expression of the CYP genes. Eventually, different levels of EETs and HETEs produced from arachidonic acid by the activity of CYP might contribute partly to the difference of fatness between the two breeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

The large-scale preparation method for black soybean peptide (BSP; about 70% less than 10,000 Da; highly enriched with glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine) was developed, and its effect on weight reduction and lipid profiles in rats was investigated. Sprague-Dawleymale rats were assigned to four dietary groups (high-fat diets containing 0, 2, 6, and 10% BSP) and fed four weeks to examine the effects of BSP. During the experiment, food intake was measured every two days and body weight was monitored two times a week. After the supplementation of BSP, liver and adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissue) in the rats were weighted and the lipid profiles in serum, liver, and feces were analyzed. At the results of body weight gain, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, BSP groups were more decreased than HF group (0% BSP), with greater decreases at higher BSP levels. The same patterns were shown in lipid profiles of serum, as BSP was increased, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration decreased. The serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased with increasing at BSP levels. Total cholesterol concentration of liver and feces were decreased and increased, respectively, as BSP increased. The results confirm that BSP is involved in reducing the body weight and the improvement of lipid composition in serum and liver of rats and that BSP can be applied in weight reduction in the food products industry.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis (SC) in menopausal mice. Methods: To induce menopausal obesity, female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat, 28% carbohydrates, 14% protein) for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8): NOR (sham-operated and vehicle-treated), HFD+OVX (vehicle-treated), E2 (17-beta estradiol 50 ㎍/kg-treated), SC1 (1 mg/kg SC-treated), SC10 (10 mg/kg SC-treated), and SC100 (100 mg/kg SC-treated). Samples were orally administered for 6 weeks, after which all experimental mice were sacrificed. Body weight, feeding efficiency, white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, and fat vacuoles in liver were analyzed. Results: By treating with SC extract, the body weight and feeding efficiency of mice were significantly decreased. The weight of visceral fat tissues was decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Histopathology showed that fat cell diameters of white adipose tissue were also decreased in the SC10 and SC100 groups. Additionally, SC extract regenerated the hepatocyte damage and decreased the size and number of follicular adipocytes Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that SC has inhibitory effects against menopausal obesity. Schizandra chinensis may be a potential alternative for obesity among female menopausal diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.3967-3972
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• 2011

A whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was applied to investigate absorption, distribution, and physiologic variations on pharmacokinetics of imatinib in human body. Previously published pharmacokinetic data of the drug after intravenous (i.v.) infusion and oral administration were simulated by the PBPK model. Oral dose absorption kinetics were analyzed by adopting a compartmental absorption and transit model in gut section. Tissue/plasma partition coefficients of drug after i.v. infusion were also used for oral administration. Sensitivity analysis of the PBPK model was carried out by taking parameters that were commonly subject to variation in human. Drug concentration in adipose tissue was found to be higher than those in other tissues, suggesting that adipose tissue plays a role as a storage tissue for the drug. Variations of metabolism in liver, body weight, and blood/plasma partition coefficient were found to be important factors affecting the plasma concentration profile of drug in human body.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.124-127
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• 2020

Intramuscular lipomas are benign adipose tumors of the soft tissues that may resemble liposarcomas because of their size, deep location, and occasionally infiltrative growth. An awareness of their existence is fundamental to treating them correctly, and their differential diagnosis from liposarcoma is essential. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful diagnostic tool to differentiate benign adipose tumors from liposarcoma. Marginal excision and biopsy are required for the definite diagnosis and the treatment of symptomatic intramuscular lipomas. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in South Korea regarding the treatment of an intramuscular giant lipoma of the ankle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.576-583
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• 2009

G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) is a newly-discovered short-chain free fatty acid receptor and its functions remain to be defined. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of GPR43 on lipolysis. We successfully cloned the GPR43 gene from the pig (EU122439), and measured the level of GPR43 mRNA in different tissues and primary pig adipocytes. The expression level of GPR43 mRNA was higher in adipose tissue and increased gradually with adipocyte differentiation. Then we examined GPR43 mRNA level in different types, growth-stages and various regions of adipose tissue of pigs. The results showed that the expression level of GPR43 mRNA was significantly higher in adipose tissue of obese pigs than in lean pigs, and the expression level also gradually increased as age increased. We further found that the abundance of GPR43 mRNA level increased more in subcutaneous fat than visceral fat. Thereafter, we studied the correlation between GPR43 and lipid metabolism-related genes in adipose tissue and primary pig adipocytes. GPR43 gene had significant negative correlation with hormone-sensitive lipase gene (HSL, r = -0.881, p<0.01) and triacylglycerol hydrolase gene (TGH, r = -0.848, p<0.01) in adipose tissue, and had positive correlation with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ gene ($PPAR_{\gamma}$, r = 0.809, p<0.01) and lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL, r = 0.847, p<0.01) in adipocytes. In addition, we fed different concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to mice, and analyzed expression level changes of GPR43, HSL and TGH in adipose. The results showed that DHA down-regulated GPR43 and up-regulated HSL and TGH mRNA levels; GPR43 also had significant negative correlation with HSL (low: r = -0.762, p<0.01; high: r = -0.838, p<0.01) and TGH (low: r = -0.736, p<0.01; high: r = -0.586, p<0.01). Our results suggested that GPR43 is a potential factor which regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue, and DHA as a receptor of GPR43 might promote lipolysis through down-regulating the expression of GPR43 mRNA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.922-940
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• 2019

Obesity, represented by abnormal fat accumulation due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is a major public health issue worldwide, leading to multiple noncommunicable diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Diverse solutions have been proposed to combat obesity. Attention has focused on two types of adipose tissues as a promising therapeutic target in obesity: traditional brown and beige or brite. Unlike energy-storing white adipose (endocrine) tissue, traditional brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue have energy-dissipating thermogenic properties. Both types of tissue are present in adult humans and inducible through external stimuli, such as cold exposure, ${\beta}3$-adrenergic receptor agonists, and phytochemicals. Among these stimuli, microbiota present in the human intestinal tract participate in multiple metabolic activities. Modulation of gut microbiota may offer a potent and possibly curative strategy against various metabolic diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of established antiobesity treatments on the gut microenvironment or brown-adipose-tissue activation. In this review, we focus mainly on stimuli known to alleviate obesity, weight gain, and metabolic diseases, in addition to known and possible inter-relations between gut microbiota modulation and similar interventions and adipose tissue browning. The findings may pave the way toward new strategies against obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2009

Fat composition of beef, taken here to mean marbling, can be manipulated by time on feed, finishing diet, and breed type. These three factors also strongly influence the fatty acid composition of beef. Both the amount of marbling and the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increase with time on feed in grain-fed and pasture-fed cattle, but much more dramatically in grain-fed cattle. High-concentrate diets stimulate the activity of adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to their $\Delta{9}$ desaturated counterparts. Also, grain feeding causes a depression in ruminal pH, which decreases those populations of ruminal microorganisms responsible for the isomerization and hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The net result of elevated SCD activity in marbling adipose tissue and depressed ruminal isomerization/hydrogenation of dietary PUFA is a large increase in MUFA in beef over time. Conversely, pasture depresses both the accumulation of marbling and SCD activity, so that even though pasture feeding increases the relative concentration of PUFA in beef, it also increases SFA at the expense of MUFA. Wagyu and Hanwoo cattle accumulate large amounts of marbling and MUFA, and Wagyu cattle appear to be less sensitive to the effects of pastures in depressing overall rates of adipogenesis and the synthesis of MUFA in adipose tissues. There are small differences in fatty acid composition of beef from Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, but diet and time on feed are much more important determinants of beef fat content and fatty acid composition than breed type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.588-593
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• 2004

The gene expression of porcine adiponectin and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) was investigated in this study. The partial gene sequences for adiponectin and SCD were amplified by RT-PCR from subcutaneous adipose tissue and cloned by TA cloning techniques. Sequences of these genes were determined and found to be highly homologous to that of other species, suggesting similar function of these genes as in other species. The transcripts of these adipocyte-related genes in pig tissues were measured by Northern analysis. The transcripts for adiponectin and SCD were highly expressed in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue; the transcripts for SCD were also barely detected in the liver, but the greatest concentrations were in the adipose tissue. In porcine stromalvascular cells (S/V cells) cultured in vitro, transcripts for adiponectin and SCD increased gradually during adipocyte differentiation. The level of adipocyte adiponectin mRNA was associated with late adipocyte differentiation, indicating the gene may not be involved in adipocyte differentiation but has great importance in porcine adipocyte functions. The SCD transcripts were not detectable until 2 d after induction of adipocyte differentiation. It was highly expressed in differentiating porcine adipocytes (2 to 10 d after the induction of adipocyte differentiation), indicating a significant role of SCD in adipocytes.