• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Extract from Gryllus bimaculatus crickets inhibits oxidation at the DNA level, with reduced production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene expression profiles of aged (10 months old) Wistar Kyoto rats treated for one month with 100 mg/kg G. bimaculatus ethanol extract to assess the effects. The extract produced a meaningful anti-edema effect, evident by the inhibition of creatinine phosphokinase activity. The weights of abdominal and ovarian adipose tissues were reduced and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissues was increased in an extract dose-dependent manner. Compared with untreated control rats, rats treated with the extract displayed the upregulation of 1053 genes including Fas (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6), Amigo3 (adhesion molecule with an immunoglobulin-like domain), Reticulon 4, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (Hmgcr; a reductase), related anti-fatigue (enzyme metabolism), and Rtn antioxidant, and the downregulation of 73 genes including Ugt2b (UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family), Early growth response 1, and Glycoprotein m6a. Data suggest that G. bimaculatus extract may have value in lessening the effects of aging, resulting in a differential gene expression pattern indicative of a marked stress response and lower expression of metabolic and biosynthetic genes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

We fabricated urethane material based on properties of reversible and unfading for antic-ceramics restoration. This material with low viscosity was made hardness control possible that user want. And it have very strong adhesion and shear strength properties and is shown the best properties for pigment filling, anti-contractibility, coloring as like epoxy system materials. Particularly, the yellowing and ir-reversibility problem in epoxy restoration material were finally solved. So, there is guarantee in the eternity and stabilization of restoration for antic-celamics. And in order to show the reversible state of the restoration, we successfully dissolve this urethane materials in solvent after perfect restoring subsequently.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

We fabricated the gap-filling material for antic-ceramics restoration which were made up polyvinyl butyral (butvar) base and silane system additive in iso-propyl solvent. This was made hardness control possible that user want. And it have very strong adhesion and shear strength properties and is shown the best properties for pigment filling, anti-contractibility, coloring as like epoxy system materials. Particularly, the yellowing and ir-reversibility problem in Epoxy restoration material were finally steadiness. So, there is guarantee in the eternity and stabilization of restoration for antic-celamics. And in order to show the reversible state of the restoration, we successfully dissolve this polyvinyl butyral gap-filling materials in solvent after perfect restoring the Punchong plate from sam-chun temple site subsequently.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.407-411
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• 2006

The SiC-based ceramic nanopatterns were prepared by placing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold from DVD master on the spincoated polyvinylsilaeane (PVS) or allylhydridopolycaybosilane (AHPCS) as ceramic precursors to fabricate line pattern via UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL), and subsequent pyrolysis at $800^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen atmosphere. As the dimensional change of polymeric and ceramic patterns was comparatively investigated by AFM and SEM, the shrinkage in height was 38.5% for PVS derived pattern and 24.1% for AHPCS derived pattern while the shrinkage in width was 18.8% for PVS and 16.7% for AHPCS. It indicates that higher ceramic yield of the ceramic precursor resulted in less shrinkage, and the strong adhesion between the substrate and the pattern caused anisotropic shrinkage. This preliminary work suggests that NIL is a promissing route for fabricating ceramic MEMS devices, with the development on the shrinkage control.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 1996

Predictive tests for the identification of contact sensitizing chemicals have been developed. We measured the sensitization potential with three predictive tests, the in vitro and the in vivo Local Lymph Node Assay(LLNA), ELISA to detect interferon-gamma(IFN-${\gamma}$) from supernatant and flow cytometry to detect change of cell surface proteins, using draining lymph nodes of mice. BALB/c mice were exposed to various chemicals or vehicles on the ears daily for 3 consecutive days in all experiments. With some exceptions of propyl paraben, neomycin sulfate, the in vivo LLNA was able to detect the sensitizing capacity of test chemicals and was more sensitive than the in vitro LLNA for chemicals used in the present study. In another experiment, contact sensitivity was assessed by the ELISA to detect IFN-Υ from the supernatants of the cultured LNCs after sensitization with chemicals. There was a good correlation between the LLNA and the IFN-Υ production for test chemicals. We also examined the change of cell surface proteins on LNCs after sensitization by flow cytometry for some cell adhesion molecules(ICAM-1, E-cadherine, B7 molecule), T cell markers(CD3, CD4, CD8, T$\alpha$$\beta$,T${\gamma}$$\delta$) and B cell markers(LR1, CD45R, I-Ad). The number of ICAM-1 positive cells and B cells in LNCs were increased after sensitization with DNCB, TNCB, isoeugenol and 25%, 50% cinnamic aldehyde compared with that of vehicle as a control. In conclusion, the in vivo LLNA could provide more sensitive screening test for moderate to strong sensitizers and some weak sensitizers including cosmetic raw materials than the in vitro LLNA. The production of IFN-Υ by allergen-activated LNCs might be a values indicators without radioisotopes for the identification of contact allergens. Detection of allergens by testing the increase of ICAM-1 positive cells and B cells in LNCs by flow cytometry might be used as a test method to detect allergens.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2015

Objectives: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is an excellent bactericidal agent, but it is detrimental to stem cell survival, whereas intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide ($Ca[OH]_2$) promote the survival and proliferation of stem cells. This study evaluated the effect of sequential NaOCl and $Ca(OH)_2$ application on the attachment and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: DPSCs were obtained from human third molars. All dentin specimens were treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 30 min. DPSCs were seeded on the dentin specimens and processed with additional 1 mg/mL $Ca(OH)_2$, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment, file instrumentation, or a combination of these methods. After 7 day of culture, we examined DPSC morphology using scanning electron microscopy and determined the cell survival rate with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. We measured cell adhesion gene expression levels after 4 day of culture and odontogenic differentiation gene expression levels after 4 wk using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: DPSCs did not attach to the dentin in the NaOCl-treated group. The gene expression levels of fibronectin-1 and secreted phosphoprotein-1 gene in both the $Ca(OH)_2$- and the EDTA-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups. All $Ca(OH)_2$-treated groups showed higher expression levels of dentin matrix protein-1 than that of the control. The dentin sialophosphoprotein level was significantly higher in the groups treated with both $Ca(OH)_2$ and EDTA. Conclusions: The application of $Ca(OH)_2$ and additional treatment such as EDTA or instrumentation promoted the attachment and differentiation of DPSCs after NaOCl treatment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2011

This paper demonstrates the development of a method for preparing micropatterned microdiscs in order to increase contact area with cells and to change the release pattern of drugs. The microdiscs were manufactured with hot embossing, where a polyurethane master structure was pressed onto both solid and porous microparticles made of polylactic-co-glycolic acid at various temperatures to form a micropattern on the microdiscs. Flat microdiscs were formed by hot embossing of porous microparticles; the porosity allowed space for flattening of the microdiscs. Three types of micro-grooves were patterned onto the flat microdiscs using prepared micropatterned molds: (1) 10 ${\mu}M$ deep, 5 ${\mu}M$ wide, and spaced 2 ${\mu}M$ apart; (2) 10 ${\mu}M$ deep, 9 ${\mu}M$ wide, and spaced 5 ${\mu}M$ apart; and (3) 10 ${\mu}M$ deep, 50 ${\mu}M$ wide, and spaced 50 ${\mu}M$ apart. This novel microdisc preparation method using hot embossing to create micropatterns on flattened porous microparticles provides the opportunity for low-cost, rapid manufacture of microdiscs that can be used to control cell adhesion and drug delivery rates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.579-585
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• 2013

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus, SEZ) is an important pathogen associated with opportunistic infections of a wide range of species, including pigs and humans. The absence of a suitable vaccine makes it difficult to control SEZ infection. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been previously identified as an immunogenic protein using immunoproteomic techniques. In the present study, we confirmed that the sequence of GAPDH was highly conserved with other Streptococcus spp. The purified recombinant GAPDH could elicit a significant humoral antibody response in mice and confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose of SEZ. GAPDH could adhere to the Hep-2 cells, confirmed by flow cytometry, and inhibit adherence of SEZ to Hep-2 cells in an adherence inhibition assay. In addition, real-time PCR demonstrated that GAPDH was induced in vivo following infection of mice with SEZ. These suggest that GAPDH could play an important role in the pathogenesis of SEZ infection and could be a target for vaccination against SEZ.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2016

Recently, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) has attracted considerable attentions due to its high potential for industrial applications. By pulsing the sputtering target with high power density and short duration pulses, a high plasma density and high ionization of the sputtered species can be obtained. HIPIMS has exhibited several merits such as increased coating density, good adhesion, microparticle-free and smooth surface, which make the HIPIMS technique desirable for synthesizing hard coatings. However, hard coatings present intrinsic defects (columnar structures, pinholes, pores, discontinuities) which can affect the corrosion behavior, especially when substrates are active alloys like steel or in a wear-corrosion process. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a CVD derived method with a broad spectrum of applications, has shown great potential for corrosion protection of high-precision metallic parts or systems. In ALD deposition, the growth proceeds through cyclic repetition of self-limiting surface reactions, which leads to the thin films possess high quality, low defect density, uniformity, low-temperature processing and exquisite thickness control. These merits make ALD an ideal candidate for the fabrication of excellent oxide barrier layer which can block the pinhole and other defects left in the coating structure to improve the corrosion protection of hard coatings. In this work, CrN/Al2O3/CrN multilayered coatings were synthesized by a hybrid process of HIPIMS and ALD techniques, aiming to improve the CrN hard coating properties. The influence of the Al2O3 interlayer addition, the thickness and intercalation position of the Al2O3 layer in the coatings on the microstructure, surface roughness, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the dense Al2O3 interlayer addition by ALD lead to a significant decrease of the average grain size and surface roughness and greatly improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the CrN coatings. The thickness increase of the Al2O3 layer and intercalation position change to near the coating surface resulted in improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The mechanism can be explained by that the dense Al2O3 interlayer acted as an excellent barrier for dislocation motion and diffusion of the corrosive substance.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

This paper describes liquidity evaluation on the horizontal branch pipe connected to a food waste disposer and performance of five disposers marketed. Experimental apparatus for analyzing the five disposers has been introduced to measure vibration, sound level and power consumption of the disposers. Simulator for analyzing the required water velocity to avoid waste jam inside the pipe connected to a food waste disposer has been designed and constructed. The simulator can control some experimental parameters: pipe slope, disposer supply water quantity, food waste materials and operation time of a disposer. Throughout the experimental measurements of the disposers marketed, it is found that the time need to crash food waste is about 20 seconds on the average. At the same flow condition, increase rate of internal water velocity is accelerated as the pipe slope increases. The water velocity inside the pipe having 50 A and slope of 1/50 is 0.26 m/s when the water flowrate to supply the disposer is 16 l pm. Considering the specific gravity and adhesion property of food waste, water velocity of the horizontal branch pipe connected to a food waste disposer need to excess 0.26 m/s at least to avoid the waste blockage inside the pipe.