The aim of this study was to fabricate a submicro-and micro-patterned fibronectin coated wafer for a cell culture, which allows the positions and dimensions of the attached cells to be controlled. A replica molding was made into silicon via a photomask in quartz, using E-beam lithography, and then fabricated a polydimethylsiloxane stamp using the designed silicon mold. Hexadecanethiol $[HS(CH_2){_{15}}CH_3]$, adsorbed on the raised plateau of the surface of polydimethylsiloxane stamp, was contact-printed to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexadecanethiolate on the surface of an Au-coated glass wafer. In order to form another SAM for control of the surface wafer properties, a hydrophilic hexa (ethylene glycol) terminated alkanethiol $[HS(CH_2){_{11}}(OCH_2CH_2){_6}OH]$ was also synthesized. The structural changes were confirmed using UV and $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopies. A SAM terminated in the hexa(ethylene glycol) groups was subsequently formed on the bare gold remaining on the surface of the Aucoated glass wafer. In order to aid the attachment of cells, fibronectin was adsorbed onto the resulting wafer, with the pattern formed on the gold-coated wafer confirmed using immunofluorescence staining against fibronectin. Fibronectin was adsorbed only onto the SAMs terminated in the methyl groups of the substrate. The hexa (ethylene glycol)-terminated regions resisted the adsorption of protein. Human dermal fibroblasts (P=4), obtained from newborn foreskin, only attached to the fibronectin-coated, methyl-terminated hydrophobic regions of the patterned SAMs. N-HDFs were more actively adhered, and spread in a pattern spacing below $14{\mu}m$, rather than above $17{\mu}m$, could easily migrate on the substrate containing spacing of $10{\mu}m$ or less between the strip lines.
This study was conducted to improve the bond strength of plywood bonded with F/U molar ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins modified with the selected FGMDI prepolymer contents for various purposes. The amount of FGMDI was mixed with liquid UF resin at 0 wt% (as control), 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 25 wt%, and 50 wt% based on the resin solids. As results, in bonding strength, plywood with F/U molar ratio of 1.4 showed the highest value in Type 2 test and all molar ratio UF resins modified with over 25 wt% of the FGMDI showed more than $11kgf/cm^2$, which was satisfied the minimum requirement of KS standard, $7.5kgf/cm^2$, after Type1.5 testing. As F/U molar ratio was increased and the FGMDI addition in the UF resin was increased, average reduction rate of Type 1.5 bonding strength compared with Type 2 was significantly decreased.
GST, an extract from 16 herbs, has been formulated and prescribed for the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis(hRA) for many years. The present study was done to investigate whether GST has suppressive effects on activation of fibroblast-like sinoviocytes isolated from an RA patient. In tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)/interleukin-1b(IL-1b) treated human sinoviocytes, The mRNA expression of molecular indicators related to pathologic changes of the sinoviocytes were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The treatment of GST($100\;{\mu}g/ml$) suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-8 compared with the control. The mRNA level of intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) which is known to increase in the activated sinoviocytes of RA patients, was slightly decreased by GST. The expression of NOS-II was considerably reduced, which was accompanied by a decrease in the production of nitric oxide(NO). In addition, GST considerably increased the mRNA levels of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1), while those of matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) were decreased. Taken together, these data suggested that GST might suppress the activation of sinoviocytes in hRA.
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
/
v.25
no.4
/
pp.691-703
/
1998
Saliva is obviously potential medium to protect the dental caries by not only physical clearing effect, but aggregating action of protein with bacteria. Nevertheless, we still do not understand how the dental caries occur and what brings the individual difference in caries prevalence. In the regards of dental caries prevalence, we hypothesized that the composition of salivary protein might be different from caries susceptible group to caries resistant group. The purposes of this experiment were focused on the molecular analysis of salivary proteins from the subjects who were involved in multiple caries. Electrophoretic analysis was done on the whole saliva collected from the children with and without multiple caries. We found 86.2% of subjects with multiple caries has approximately 120 KDa protein band while 30.4% in the healthy subjects. And the concentration of the total protein on the subjects with multiple caries is significantly higher than that of the healthy group. However, it turned out that the difference of the salivary composition does not affect the bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite bead. With regards of enzymes in saliva, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and lactate dehydrogenase does not have any significant difference between both groups. However, the concentrations of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ in saliva from multiple caries group is higher than that of the control group. Taken all together, it may be concluded that 120 KDa protein in saliva may be associated with the process of dental caries, also the high concentration of protein and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ in saliva may be linked to dental caries development as a cofactors.
Nascimento, Glaucia Cristina Rodrigues;Miranda, Cyndi Albuquerque De;Machado, Sissy Maria Mendes;Brandao, Gustavo Antonio Martins;Almeida, Haroldo Amorim De;Silva, Cecy Martins
The korean journal of orthodontics
/
v.43
no.5
/
pp.242-247
/
2013
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference exists between the effects of at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) with bracket bonding at 4 different time intervals after dental bleaching. Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching methods used (at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching) and the storage time in artificial saliva (30 min, 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks before bonding). The control group was stored in artificial saliva for 7 days. Brackets were bonded with the Transbond XT adhesive system, and SBS testing was performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to assess the amount of resin remaining on the enamel surfaces after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined to be p < 0.05. Results: The SBS of the unbleached group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the bleached groups (except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was not totally rejected. All bleaching groups tested had decreased SBS of the brackets to the enamel, except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching. The SBS returned to values close to those of the unbleached enamel within 3 weeks following bleaching.
Purpose: Reducing tenderness or pain on the ankle joint and improving the range of motion are thought to be possible using hyaluronate-based anti-adhesive agents. On the other hand, there are more aspects to be studied regarding the incidence of complications, such as resting pain, tenderness, and stiffness, after surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the agents after ankle fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation surgery due to ankle joint fractures from June 2015 to May 2016, were studied prospectively. Thirty patients of them received a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection during their surgeries and were included in the injection group. The other 30 patients were included in the control group. Postoperatively, tenderness on the scar, a delay in wound healing, and the active range of motion were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results: A significant difference in tenderness on the scar was observed 2 weeks after surgery. On the other hand, there was no significant difference at 6 and 12 weeks after the surgery. The agent-using group showed a 6.7% delay in wound healing and a 93.3% nondelaying. In the non-using group, the delay was 63.3%, while non-delay was 36.7% (p<0.001). The group that underwent $Guardix^{(R)}$ usage showed an effective result in the visual analogue scale, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The result at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Improvement was observed in the patients who underwent a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection, regarding the range of motion, visual analog scale, and healing of the wound postoperatively.
Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine how an effective rehabilitation exercise program influences the activity of shoulder muscles, and to help the clinical application of a rehabilitation program, for prevention and relief of pain, adhesion, and joint stiffness of patients who undergo rotator cuff repair. Methods: Nine test subjects were placed randomly into each group for a total of 27 subjects and exercise program interventions according to the group were conducted for six weeks, after which maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) value was re-measured for supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, serratus anterior muscle, and middle deltoid muscle in all groups in order to compare changes in muscle activity before and after the experiment in order to perform comparative analysis of changes in muscle activity between groups, based on which four experimental hypotheses were confirmed. Results: Changes in muscle activity according to %MVIC showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) (p<0.001) in all muscles, except the middle deltoid muscle, and post-verification results showed that changes in muscle activity according to %MVIC were greater in test groups I and II, compared with the control group, for the supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, and serratus anterior muscle. Conclusion: Therefore, rehabilitation through use of the methods described above should be applied efficiently in clinical settings and more research in development of much more efficient rehabilitation program interventions must be conducted.
Kim, Hyun-Il;Choi, Woong-Ki;Oh, Sang-Yub;An, Kay-Hyeok;Kim, Byung-Joo
Applied Chemistry for Engineering
/
v.24
no.5
/
pp.476-482
/
2013
In this work, the effects of electrochemical oxidation of carbon fiber surfaces on mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibers-reinforced polarized-polypropylene matrix composites were studied with various current densities during the treatments. Surface properties of the fibers before and after treatments were observed by SEM, AFM, XPS, and contact angle measurements. Mechanical interfacial properties of the composites were measured in terms of critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$). From the results it was found that $O_{1s}$ peaks of the fiber surfaces were strengthened after electrochemical oxidation which led to the enhancement of surface free energy of the fiber, resulting in good mechanical performance of the composites. It can be concluded that electrochemical oxidation of the carbon fiber surfaces can control the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and polarized-polypropylene in this composites system.
Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a common non-neoplastic connective tissue proliferation. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are vascular adhesion molecules and CD34 is a marker for evaluation of angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 & CD34 in oral pyogenic granuloma and normal gingiva. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on thirty five formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of gingival pyogenic granuloma. Also we used thirty five paraffined blocks of normal gingiva as control group which were taken from crown lengthening surgery. We employed immunohistochemistry staining for our prepared microscopic slides using monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies against ICAM-1 (CD54), VCAM-1 (CD106) and CD34. Slides were examined under light microscope and then the mean amount of stained vessels also known as microvascular density (MVD) in highly vascularized areas (hot spots) was measured. Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the difference between quantitative variables and Chi-square test for qualitative variables in different groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare relations between quantitative variables. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean of MVD for ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD34 was significantly higher in pyogenic granuloma than normal gingiva (p<0.001 & p<0.001 & p<0.001, respectively). Expression of CD34 in pyogenic granuloma was significantly higher than ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (P<0.001). Besides, expression of ICAM-1 in normal gingiva, was significantly lower than two other markers (p<0.001). Conclusions: Regarding the results, it seems that ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD34 are useful biomarkers in evaluation of vascular and inflammatory lesions such as gingival pyogenic granuloma and the results indicate the role of these biomarkers in pathogenesis of oral pyogenic granuloma.
Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
/
2006.09a
/
pp.112-121
/
2006
The vertical displacement of a ship on the basis of the sea level is an important parameter for its stability and control. To indicate the displacement on operating conditions, "draft marks" are carved on the hull of the ship in various ways. One of the methods is welding. The position, shape and size of the marks are specified on the shipbuilding rules by classification societies to be checked by shipbuilders. In most cases, high-skilled workers do the welding along the drawing for the marks and welding bead becomes the marks. But the inaccuracies due to human errors and high labor cost increase the needs for automating the work process of the draft marks. In the preceding work, an indoor robot was developed for automatic marking system on flat surfaces and the work proved that the robot welding was more effective and accurate than manual welding. However, many parts of the hull structure constructed at the outdoor are cowed shapes, which is beyond the capability of the robot developed for the indoor works on the flat surface. The marking on the curved steel surface requiring the 25m elevations is one of the main challenges to the conventional robots. In the present paper, the robot capable of climbing vertical curved steel surfaces and performing the welding at the marked position by effectively solving the problems mentioned earlier is presented.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.