• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.190-195
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• 2009

With the growth of information and communication technologies adoption in construction projects, it could be anticipated that more property owners and construction firms will attempt to use electronic gears and gadgets for site monitoring or surveillance purposes. As the construction workers may be the major group of project team members being monitored, from managerial perspectives and for ethical reasons, it is essential to investigate their degree of acceptance on site monitoring systems. Indeed studies on office workplace monitoring suggest that a monitoring system could shape or control the behaviors of employees. With adequate refinements, their research models could be applicable in the construction industry. This paper presents a model for analyzing the antecedences that affect workers' acceptance level on electronic monitoring, and investigating if there is any behavioral change.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.424-428
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• 2005

As the application of NPM in waste administration branch this paper proposes a new waste management method in order to increase the efficiency of resources and reduce the quantity of waste. First the matrix method is suggested which comprehensively consider and integrate the proposals of different government departments. Moreover the inhabitant's attitude toward the new waste management measures was investigated. Based on the investigation the evaluation function was made, which include three elements: necessary budget, the effect of cost decrease and the environmental burden decrease. The optimal method of budget allocation to maximize social welfare is proposed under the condition of limited budget by the evaluation function. By applying this system further local governments will be able to determine their adequate service level and budget size.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 1973

In Korea, the statistical system is very weak because it is not functional. Knowledge of statistical theory remains iosolated from applications: routine tasks of collection or processing of data are continued often without utilization, and programms are started in a superficial imitation of other without any purpose. It is essential, in Korea, to make statistics purposive. The only way is to give training statistics-fully developed technology of a multi-discipline character in applied statistics. The purpose of this study is primarily to survey the necessity of, or desire for, statistical tarining for the statistical personnel of the government agencies or bank offices in Seoul, Korea and discuss an adequate method of vacational training in statistics. This survey can be summarized as follows : (1) about 94 percent of the sampled people (478) do not consider their present statistical background adequately trained and 128 persons out of 478 request a graduate level training in respective fields. (2) The statistical fields on job in the sample are : Economic statistics : 138, Sampling survey : 228, management statistics : 50, other fields : 62. (3) Educational background are * College graduate : 369 (male 347, female 22) Economics 99, Business administration 99, Law 71, Mathematics and statistics 24, Others 76 * High school graduate : 109 (male 43, female 66)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2023

Bentonite buffer material is a critical component in an engineered barrier system (EBS) for disposing high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The bentonite buffer material protects the disposal canister from groundwater penetration and releases decay heat to the surrounding rock mass; thus, it should possess high thermal conductivity, low hydraulic conductivity, and moderate swelling pressure to safely dispose the HLWs. Bentonite clay is a suitable buffer material because it satisfies the safety criteria. Several additives have been suggested as mixtures with bentonite to increase the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) properties of bentonite buffer materials. Therefore, this study investigated the geotechnical, mineralogical, and THMC properties of several candidate additives such as sand, graphite, granite, and SiC powders. Datasets obtained in this study can be used to select adequate additives to improve the THMC properties of the buffer material.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.377-381
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• 2023

This study included a 42-year-old female farmer with a 2-year history of Graves' disease who visited the hospital for a total thyroidectomy for her grade III goiter based on World Health Organization classification. Besides Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (PC6), extensively used for acupuncture analgesia in thyroid surgery in previous studies, three additional acupuncture points for acupuncture analgesia in thyroidectomy were evaluated in this study: Shuitu (ST10), Quepen (ST12), and Yifeng (SJ17). In this case, we used an electroacupuncture stimulator to stimulate the acupuncture points and combined acupuncture analgesia with diazepam and atropine sulfate administration as adjunct medications to calm the patient. The operation was completed without any complications. The findings revealed that stimulating the five acupuncture points, i.e., Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Shuitu (ST10), Quepen (ST12), and Yifeng (SJ17), for acupuncture analgesia combined with adjunct medications is safe for maintaining an adequate level of analgesia and hemodynamic stability during thyroidectomy.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.26-44
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• 1999

The study was done to improve the job training course for Community Health Practioners (CHPs) by evaluating the level of help that the training provided to the CHPs in carrying out their work and to analyze the management activities of the CHPs in order to develop a more effective CHP training program. The methodologies used in the study were a questionnaire survey. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS Windows. The study results are as follows. 1. The total average level of help from the job training(Theory. Practice and Field Practice) for carrying out the CHP work was found to be $3.04\pm.53$ (of a possible 4), which indicates a high level of help. The average for clinical practices was $3.16\pm.60$. for theory. $3.11\pm.40$ and for field practice. $2.84\pm.60$. 2. For the theory content of the job training courses. the help level was low in the area of mother and child health management/family planning with an average of $2.65\pm.62$ and in the area of health information system development with an average of $2.62\pm.83$. The reason for these deficiencies were. in order of frequency. few opportunities to apply learning. training content that was inadequate. training methodologies which were incongruent with content. improper training items and insufficient class hours. For the practice. the clinical work in rehabilitation/orthopedics departments and in ENT/Opthalmology departments had averages of $2.96\pm.86$ and $2.97\pm.80$ respectively. This low level resulted from the lack of direct experience. lack of sincerity during the practice time. lack of practice guidance. insufficient time and lack of practice equipment. in that order. For the field practice. the delivery management averaged $2.06\pm.90$ as the lowest help level. In this case 68% of respondents replied that there were no relevant reasons for this deficiency. 21% responsed that there was a lack of direct experience, 7%, a lack of practice guidance and 4.8%, insufficient time. 3. There were significant differences for several demographic variables when comparing the help level of the clinical courses (practice and Field Practice). A higher help level was reported by older nurses as compared to younger ones, experienced nurses as compared to scholarship nurses, and married over single. Also for nurses who had finished more other programs and were qualified or licensed in several areas the level was high. Although it was not statistically significant the level was higher if the work area was in a rural county, not a city, and if one had more recently completed the job training(P<,05). 4. Of the respondents 58.6% replies stated the period of job training for the CHP was adequate, but 51.7% reported that the period for theory courses was too short while an other 48.3% responded that it was sufficient. For practice locations, 50% responsed that it was good to practice in medical institutions(primary, secondary and tertiary) at the same time. While 48.3% agreed that doing theory and practice simultaneously was good, and 56.9% agreed that field practice should be done after completing theory and practice training. Hence, the development of new field practice guidelines suitable for changing environments of health management are required in place of the existing ones which were considered low in help level to the practical work of the CHPs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

Storm surges caused by a typhoon occur during the summer season, when the sea-level is higher than the annual average due to steric effect. In this study, we analyzed the sea-level pressure and tidal data collected in 1 h intervals at Incheon, Kunsan, Mokpo, Seogwipo stations on the Yellow Sea coast to analyze the summer season storm surge and wave overtopping. According to our analyses, the summer mean sea-level rise on the west and south coasts is approximately 20 cm and 15 to 20 cm higher than the annual mean sea-level rise. Changes in sea-level rise are closely related to changes in seasonal sea-level pressure, within the range of 1.58 to 1.73 cm/hPa. These correlated mechanisms generates a phase difference of one month or more. The 18.6 year long period tidal constituents indicate that in 2090, the amplitude of the $M_2$ basin peaks on the southwest coast. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the target year for global warming and sea-level rise in 2090. Wave overtopping was simulated considering annual mean sea-level rise, summer sea level rise, the combined effect of nodal factor variation, and 100-year frequency storm surge. As a result, flooding by wave overtopping occurs in the area of Suyong Bay, Busan. In 2090, overtopping discharges are more than doubled than those in Marine City by the recent typhoon Chaba. Adequate coastal design is needed to prepare for flood vulnerability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.155-177
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• 2011

This paper attempts to explore the universal foundation on which the discourses on the validity criteria in qualitative research should be based, and further discuss in depth the scope and direction of an adequate validity criterion in qualitative research by critical examination of previous discourses. To establish the foundation for qualitative research, first of all, the concept of quality and qualitative paradigm were examined in terms of ontology and epistemology, especially focused on the works carried out by Aristotle, Kenneth and Boyd. Secondly, the earlier studies on the validity of qualitative research were critically reviewed in terms of the theoretical findings on the concept of quality and qualitative paradigm. The major results include the following: First, the true content of quality is defined as the 'what-ness' or essence of things perceived by subjects, and qualitative paradigm as adequate framework for qualitative research is comprised of two intrinsic modes: one is the mode of awareness and the other is that of expression. Second, qualitative researchers are able to reach to the higher level of validity by considering not only the subjectivity and the originality but also the sociality in drawing a conclusion through qualitative perception. Third, the trend of previous validity discourses can be firmly summarized as the effort to overcome the effect of quantitative research and acquire the true identity for qualitative research, which is subjectivity, and as the quest to compromise the tension between subjectivity and sociality. Finally, based on the findings, several research topics are suggested. For example, the more attention should be paid to the area of the expression of qualitative awareness as a way of overcome the tension between subjectivity and publicness.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

The concrete purpose of this study is to suggest actually a debt ratio to optimize the capital structure providing a kind of approach to estimate the proper debt ratio with an analytical model and empirical data in Korean shipping industry. The mathematical and analytical model is started from the first equation about ROE, return of net operating income on equity, with an independent variable, debt ratio. It is constructed with several parameters, ROS(return of operating income on sales), TAT(total assets turnover), and NFCL(net finance cost to liabilities). There could not be a certain relationship between debt ratio and ROS or TAT, while some correlation or causality between debt ratio and NFCL. In other words, most of firms with high debt ratio is likely to burden higher finance cost than others with low one. In this case, there is a linearity relationship between debt ratio and NFCL, so then the second equation considering this relation could be included within the analytical approach of this paper. To be short, if the criteria of adequate debt ratio has to be defined as some level of debt ratio to optimize ROE, the ROE could be illustrated as a quadratic equation to debt ratio from two equations. Next, this research estimated those parameters' numbers through the single regression method with data over 12 years of Korean shipping industry, and identified empirically the fact that optimal debt ratio would be approximately 400%. To conclude, if that industry's sales and operating incomes are stable, the debt ratio could be accepted until twice of 200% had forced in order to guarantee its financial safety in past time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The primary purpose of a TKA is to restore normal knee function Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from climbing stairs; (b) provide adequate knee joint stability. A 16-channel MyoResearch XP EMG system was used to collect the differential input surface electromyography signals VM, VL, RF, BF, ST during climbing/descending stair tests. A Peak Motion Measurement System was used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. AKIN-COM Ill isokinetic dynamometer was used for EMG of VM, VL, RF, BF and ST during maximal voluntary contraction. I Quadriceps EMG results for the VM of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated significant less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb $60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The VL of the passed 1year group limb also demonstrated significants less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). Similar to the VM and VL, the RF of the passed 1year group limb showed less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ do knee flexion(p<0.05). Hamstring EMG results for the BF of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $75^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The passed 1year group limb tended to have less ADD displacement(p<0.071) than that of the passed 3year group limb. There was no significant difference of the ABD displacement between the passed 1year group and the passed 3year group limbs(p<0.73). The passed 3year group used compensatory adaptation movement strategies to compensate for the strength deficit of passed 3year group limbs. The passed 3year group limb also increased the quadriceps muscle activation level to produce more knee extension moment to compensate for the short quadriceps moment arm. The passe 3year group limb might have an unstable knee joint in the medio-Iateral direction during the climbing/descending by showing a tendency of more ADD displacement and greater hamming co-activation EMG than the passed 1year group limbs. The TKA design was not able to help the knee joint to produce adequate knee extension moment with less quadriceps muscle effort. I think that old man needs continuous exercise for muscle strength.