• 제목/요약/키워드: Adequate level

검색결과 1,129건 처리시간 0.024초

Dietary Reference Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for Koreans

  • Park, Yongsoon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • 제16권sup1호
    • /
    • pp.47-56
    • /
    • 2022
  • This paper examines the process and evidence used to create the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for Koreans. ALA (18:3n3) is an essential fatty acid, and EPA and DHA are known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk and reduction of triglyceride levels. Various international organizations have suggested dietary recommendations for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including ALA, EPA, and DHA. A DRI for Koreans was established for the first time in 2020, specifically for the adequate intake (AI) of ALA and EPA + DHA. This recommendation was based on the average intake of ALA and EPA + DHA from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2017. For Korean infants, the AI of ALA and DHA was based on the fatty acid composition of maternal milk. Estimated average requirement and a tolerable upper intake level have not been set for n-3 PUFA due to insufficient evidence. In addition, the intake level of n-3 PUFA for prevention of chronic disease has also not been determined. Future studies and randomized controlled trials are required to establish the UL and to define the level for disease prevention.

Multilevel Analysis on Spatial Distribution and Socio-Environmental Factors of Dental Caries in Korean Children

  • See-in Park;Changmin Im;Gimin Kim;Jaesik Lee
    • 대한소아치과학회지
    • /
    • 제51권1호
    • /
    • pp.40-54
    • /
    • 2024
  • This study aims to identify the regional distribution in the prevalence of dental caries and related multidimensional factors among 12-year-old children in Korea. Data from the 2018 Child Oral Health Survey were used to calculate the average DMFT index of 12-year-old children in metropolitan cities, and a multi-level regression model was applied to explain the regional distribution of dental caries prevalence and related factors. Factors were divided into two levels by administrative structure. This study finds a significant regional difference in the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old Korean children across metropolitan cities. Multilevel analysis showed that district-level factors (average number of pit and fissure-sealed permanent teeth, dental treatment demand rate, preventive treatment rate, sex ratio, and number of dentists per 100,000 people) and metropolitan-level factors (intakes of cariogenic beverages and number of pediatric dental hospitals and clinics per 100,000 people) had a significant effect on dental caries prevalence (p < 0.05). Individual characteristics and local socio-environmental factors influence the prevalence of dental caries. Especially considering the strong dependence on preventive treatment and accessibility to dental care services, it is necessary to provide adequate preventive treatment and expand health care resources in high-risk areas of dental caries.

Virtual lymph node analysis to evaluate axillary lymph node coverage provided by tangential breast irradiation

  • Park, Shin-Hyung;Kim, Jae-Chul;Lee, Jeong Eun;Park, In-Kyu
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • 제33권1호
    • /
    • pp.50-56
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose: To investigate the coverage of axillary lymph node with tangential breast irradiation fields by using virtual lymph node (LN) analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight women who were treated with whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery were analyzed. The axillary and breast volumes were delineated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) contouring atlas. To generate virtual LN contours, preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans with identifiable LN were fused with the CT scans, and the virtual LN contour were delineated on the CT. Results: The median level I and II axillary volume coverage percentages at the $V_{D95%}$ line were 33.5% (range, 5.3% to 90.4%) and 0.6% (range, 0.0% to 14.6%), respectively. Thirty-one LNs in 18 patients were delineated (26 in level I and 5 in level II). In the level I axilla, 84.6% of virtual LNs were encompassed by the 95% isodose line. In the level II axilla, by contrast, none of the virtual LNs were encompassed by the 95% isodose volumes. There was a substantial discrepancy between the RTOG contouring atlas-based axillary volume analysis and the virtual LN analysis, especially for the level I axillary coverage. The axillary volume coverage was associated with the body mass index (BMI) and breast volume. Conclusion: The tangential breast irradiation did not deliver adequate therapeutic doses to the axillary region, particularly those in the level II axilla. Patients with small breast volumes or lower BMI showed reduced axillary coverage from the tangential breast fields. For axillary LN irradiation, individualized anatomy-based radiation fields for patients would be necessary.

Determining the Required Vitamin D Level for Bone Health Based on Bone Turnover Markers

  • Ismail, Tuan Salwani Tuan;Muda, Bayani Che;Rosdi, Roznie Aida Mohd;Zainuddin, Azalina;Isa, Salbiah;Mustapaha, Zulkarnain
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
    • /
    • 제49권4호
    • /
    • pp.337-344
    • /
    • 2017
  • To date, no clear threshold that has been established for defining an adequate store of vitamin D for bone health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the required level of vitamin D to maintain a healthy skeleton based on bone remodelling process among healthy adult population. This was a cross sectional study, involving a healthy adult population in Kota Bharu, Malaysia, aged 18~50 years. We measured serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal (P1NP) in 120 healthy adults selected via multi stage sampling (64 males, 56 females) from 6 subdistricts in Kota Bharu. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 23.50 (${\pm}8.74$) nmol/L. There was a significant difference of the vitamin D level between genders ($26.81{\pm}8.3nmol/L$ vs $19.72{\pm}7.68nmol/L$ in males and females respectively) (p value<0.001). More than 50% of female subjects had 25(OH)D less than 20 nmol/L, while only 20.3% of male subjects had 25(OH)D below 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot, the bone turnover markers showed a plateauing result, at the 25(OH)D level of 35 nmol/L for CTX and 20 nmol/L for P1NP. Contrastingly, PTH showed a step rise in the 25(OH)D level of 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot for CTX, P1NP and PTH versus 25(OH)D, level of vitamin D between 20 to 35 nmol/L is recommended to maintain healthy skeleton.

Effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran oil on the growth performance, blood parameters, and immune response of broiler chickens

  • Kang, Hwan Ku;Kim, Chan Ho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제58권3호
    • /
    • pp.12.1-12.7
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of rice bran oil (RBO) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 240 1-d-old ROSS 308 male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments with six replicated pens consisting of ten chicks. The basal diet was formulated to be adequate in energy and nutrients. Three additional diets were prepared by adding 5, 10 or 20 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the birds during 35 d. Results: Results indicated that increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets improved BW gain (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), improve feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05) of birds during 0 to 35 d. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on feed intake of birds. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on erythrocytes of birds. However, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) with inclusion level of RBO in diets increased. Feeding the diets containing increasing amount of RBO to birds increased (linear, P < 0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol. Increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets increased concentrations of IgG (linear, P < 0.01). There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on concentrations of IgM. Conclusions: These results suggest that dietary RBO may be used functional ingredient to improve growth performance, total cholesterol in serum, and immune response of birds.

정상생활을 하는 고혈압 여성에 있어서 일상적인 나트륨, 칼슘 섭취습관이 혈압조절 관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Habitual Calcium and Sodium Intakes on Blood Pressure Regulating Hormone in Free-Liveing Hypertensive Women)

  • 박정아;윤진숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제34권4호
    • /
    • pp.409-416
    • /
    • 2001
  • In order to evaluate the effect of habitual Na and Ca intake on blood pressure regulation, we measured the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca, urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive and total subjects were divided into four groups according to habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca as low Na-low Ca(LNLC), low Na-high Ca(LNHC), high Na-low Ca(HNLC), and high Na-high Ca(HNHC). HNLC hypertensive group showed the lowest level of plasma renin activity, 25-(OH) Vit D$_3$, calcitonin and serum total Ca, and presented the highest level of PTH and urinary excretions of Na/K and Ca/Cr. There were no significant difference in plasma level of aldosterone and urinary excretion of Na and K among four hypertensive groups. When all subjects were divided into four groups according to the same method, HNLC group showed the highest level of blood pressure with no statistical significance and the lowest level of calcitonin and total serum Ca. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone has a mutual relationship in hypertension. Na and Ca may interact each other, rather than affecting independently blood pressure control. As a result, considering the fact that daily balance of Na and Ca intakes affects Na and Ca regulating hormones and urinary excretion of Na and Ca, it may be involved in blood pressure control. These results suggest that maintaining an adequate intake of Ca with less intake of Na may prevent from the risk of hypertension. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 409~416, 2001)

  • PDF

초기 산욕부의 간호요구도와 만족도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Nursing Needs and Satisfactions of Early Postpartum Women)

  • 유연자;이은주
    • 여성건강간호학회지
    • /
    • 제5권3호
    • /
    • pp.389-409
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

  • PDF

일부지역 청소년의 구강건강지식 오개념에 관한 연구 (A Study on Adolescents' Misconceptions about Oral Health Knowledge in Some Areas)

  • 심재숙;성정민;이미라;송설경
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.181-189
    • /
    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 청소년의 구강건강지식에 대한 오개념과 관련요인을 파악함으로써 올바른 구강건강지식 개념형성을 위한 방안을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상자의 구강건강지식 수준은 비교적 많은 문항에서 학생들이 바른 개념을 형성하고 있었으나, 칫솔손잡이, 잇몸약 사용, 수돗물 불소 조정사업에서 오개념이 형성되어 있었다. 구강건강지식 수준은 전체 평균 10.78점을 나타내었으며, 집단 간 오차범위 내에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 구강건강지식 오개념의 집단별 연관성은 성별과 학력에서 차이를 보이지 않았으나 구강보건교육 이수 학생 보다 올바른 개념이 형성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 구강건강지식을 얻는 경로는 인터넷, 대중매체(35.4%)에서 습득 비율이 가장 높았고, 학교(9.6%)에서 습득 비율이 가장 낮았으며, 구강건강지식 수준은 학교에서 10.56점으로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 청소년의 바른 구강건강행동을 위한 학교 구강건강교육 활성화 및 교육기회를 부여할 수 있도록 구강건강교육자 양성이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.

Effect of Methionine Source and Dietary Crude Protein Level on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Nutrient Retention in Chinese Color-feathered Chicks

  • Xi, P.B.;Yi, G.F.;Lin, Y.C.;Zheng, C.T.;Jiang, Z.Y.;Vazquez-Anon, M.;Song, G.L.;Knight, C.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제20권6호
    • /
    • pp.962-970
    • /
    • 2007
  • A total of 1,200 LinNan Chinese color-feathered chicks were used to study the effects of methionine source [DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) or DL-methionine (DLM)] and dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, carcass traits, and whole-body nitrogen and fat retention. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, including two CP levels (adequate and low) and two methionine sources (HMTBa and DL-methionine). Diets were formulated for three phases, starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d), and finisher (42-63 d). Chicks fed HMTBa had higher daily gain and improved feed efficiency than DLM during the grower phase (p<0.05). A significant two-way interaction was observed for growth performance during the finisher phase and overall (0-63 d). Growth performance was greater for chicks fed HMTBa than DLM on adequate-CP diets (p<0.05), but this was not observed at low-CP level (p>0.05). Chicks fed low-CP diets grew slower, used feed less efficiently during the grower, finisher phase and overall. On d 42, regardless of dietary CP levels, birds fed HMTBa had higher carcass weights, breast and thigh weights than DLM-fed birds (p<0.04). Birds fed low-CP diet had lighter carcass weights and less breast muscle, thigh muscle, and dressing percentage at the end of starter, grower and finisher phases (p<0.05). Whole body composition analyses found that birds fed HMTBa tended to contain more protein and less fat compared to those chicks fed DLM at the end of the starter phase (p<0.10). Low-CP diets increased CP concentration in the whole body at the end of the finisher phase (p = 0.05). HMTBa supplementation increased whole-body N retention rate during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.01), and low-CP diets reduced N intake and whole-body fat retention during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.05). In summary, HMTBa was better than DLM on an equimolar basis for growth performance, carcass traits, and N retention in Chinese color-feathered chicks. Low-CP diets lowered growth performance as well as carcass traits in color-feathered birds, probably due to imbalanced AA profiles.

아연 수준이 비만쥐의 당대사와 혈청 아연, 마그네슘, 크롬 함량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Zinc on Carbohydrate Metabolism and the Serum Concentrations of Zinc, Magnesium and Chromium in Obese Rats)

  • 김현숙;조경옥
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제38권9호
    • /
    • pp.1174-1178
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 아연 공급 수준이 비만과 관련된 당대사 이상과 체내 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 고지방식이 유도 비만쥐에게 아연을 요구량의 50%, 100%, 200% 수준으로 공급한 후 혈당, 인슐린 및 혈청 아연, 마그네슘, 크롬 함량을 측정하였다. 사료섭취량, 체중증가량, 사료효율 및 각 조직의 무게는 아연 공급 수준에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 혈당과 인슐린 농도는 아연 공급수준에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보여 혈당은 아연 과잉군이 결핍군과 적정군보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났지만(p<0.05), 인슐린 농도는 아연 과잉군이 결핍군과 적정군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 혈청 아연과 크롬 함량은 아연 공급량에 따른 유의적인 영향을 받지 않았으나, 혈청 마그네슘 함량은 아연 결핍군이 다른 두 군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 비만군에서 아연 공급 수준에 따라 체내 당대사 및 그와 관련된 무기질 일부가 변화되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 비만군에게 아연을 보충 급여하면 인슐린 농도가 증가하며 그 결과 비만으로 발생될 수 있는 고혈당을 낮추는 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.