• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.183-185
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• 2011

Adenylate kinase-like activity and phosphotransferase-like activity from $F_1$-ATPase of Escherichia coli was revealed by $^{31}P$ NMR spectroscopy. Incubation of F1-ATPase with ADP in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$ shows the appearance of $^{31}P$ resonances from AMP and Pi, suggesting generation of AMP and ATP by adenylate kinase-like activity and the subsequent hydrolysis to Pi. Incubation of $F_1$-ATPase with ADP in the presence of methanol shows additional peak from methyl phosphate, suggesting phosphotransferase-like activity of $F_1$-ATPase. Both adenylate kinase-like activity and phosphotransferase-like activity has not been reported from $F_1$-ATPase of Escherichia coli. $^{31}P$ NMR could be a valuable tool for the investigation of phosphorous related enzyme.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2012

Burkholderia pyrrocinia CH-67 is a biocontrol bacterium with strong antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. Transposon mutagenesis was performed to identify the genes responsible for the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia CH-67. Of the 2,500 mutants tested using the Fulvia fulva spore screening method, a mutant deficient in antifungal activity, M208, was selected. DNA sequence analysis of the transposon-inserted region revealed that a gene encoding an adenylate kinase-related kinase was disrupted in M208. Antifungal activity was restored in M208 when a full-length adenylate kinase gene with its promoter was introduced in trans. The deduced amino acid sequence of adenylate kinase from CH-67 was 80% identical to that of B. cenocepacia MCO-3. Adenosine diphosphate supplementation or high levels of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate together restored antifungal activity in M208, suggesting that adenylate kinase of B. pyrrocinia CH-67 is involved in antifungal activity expression.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.471-475
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• 1990

내열성 Thermus caldopilus로부터 정제된 내열성의 adenylate kinase는 nucleoside monophosphate에 대해 nucleotide triphosphate보다 높은 기질 특이성을 보여 주었다. $P',P^5$-di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate는 여러 기질에 있어 Thermus의 adenylate kinase에 대해 경쟁적 저해제로서 작용하였다. $Mg^{2+}$ 이외 여러 가지 2가 양이온은 $Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, Ba^{2+}, Fe^{2+}$ 순위로 효소활성에 필요하였으며, 효소활성은 p-chloromucuribenzoic acid와 같은 sulfurhydryl 시약에 저해되지 않았으며, 식염이나 phosphenolpyruvate을 반응액 첨가하였을 때 활성화되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.393-397
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• 1988

고도 호열성균의 Adenylate kinase가 phospho cellulose column의 adenosine-penta-phospho adenosine affinity elution으로부터 균일하게 정제되었다. 분자량은 SDS PAGE와 gel filtration으로부터 22,000의 단량체로 밝혀졌다. 효소반응의 최적온도는 8$0^{\circ}C$이였으며 정반응의 활성화 에너지는 22.4kcal/mole이었다. 본 효소는 6M guanidine-HCI에 활성을 잃지 않았으며 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 한시간에 75%의 활성을 유지하였다. AMP, ADP, ATP에 대한 Km치는 0.01mM, 0.017mM, 0.067mM이었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

배 경 : 결핵균의 성장 속도가 늦은 이유가 mammalian cell이나 대장균에 비해 결핵균 AK의 매우 낮은 활성도에 의한 것이라는 추측으로부터 AK1과 유사한 촉매능을 나타내는 AKmt 돌연변이 유전자와 human muscle-type AK 합성 유전자(AK1)를 각각 Mycobacterium/E.coli 발현벡터에 재조합(pMVAKmtDM, pEMAK1)하여 성장 속도가 매우 느린 BCG에 형질전환함으로써 이들 단백질들의 촉매능에 의한 성장 속도 변화가 일어나는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : Human AK1의 촉매 활성도와 유사하도록 결핵균 AK (AKmt)유전자의 ATPbd와 LID domain을 돌연변이하여 제조한 유전자(AKmtDM)와 human muscle-type adenylate kinase 합성 유전자(AK1)를 Mycobacterium/E.coli 발현벡터에 클로닝하여 재조합 BCG를 제조하였고, 이들 재조합 BCG와 BCG Pasteur $1173P_2$ (wild-type)를 7H9 액체배지에 접종하여 2-3 일 간격으로 $A_{600}$ 값을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 재조합 BCG의 성장 속도는 Wild-type BCG의 성장 속도에 비해 변화가 없었다. 결 론 : 결핵균 adenylate kinase의 정확한 기능은 알 수 없으나, adenylate kinase의 촉매 활성도의 증가는 BCG의 성장 속도에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1984

제방 효모로 부터 분리 정제한 adenylate kinase 는 한개의 기질에 의해 또 하나의 기질 결합을ADP생성 반응에서는 4배, AMP와 Mg·ATP 생성에서는 2배 촉진되었다. 기질 특이성에 있어서는 nucleotide monophosphale일 경우 dAMP만이 활성을 보여주었으며 nucleotide triphosphate일 경우 ATP이외 UTP, ITP, GTP의 순위로 활성이 높았다. AMP와 Mg·ATP가 기질일 경우 과잉의 AMP는 pH 7.2와 pH8.0에서는 Mg·ATP에 경쟁적으로 저해하였으며 pH가 높을수록 그 Ki정수는 낮았다. Phosphoenolpyruvate는 AMP에 대해 경쟁적 Mg·ATP에 대해서는 비 경쟁적 저해제 이었으며 Adenosine pentaphosphoadenosine은 모든 기질에 대해 경쟁적 저해제로 작용하였다. 제빵 효모로부터의 adenylate kinase는 아미노산 조성에 있어서 동물의 Mitochondria형에 가까우며 Ito등의 결과와 일치하지 않았다. 상기와 같은 효소학적 성질을 종합 고찰한 결과 효모 adenylate kinase는 동물의 Mitochondria형 효소로 분류할 수 있으며 효모 adenylate kinase에 있어 연구자 상호간의 차이점은 사용한 균주의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2007

[ $^{31}PNMR$ ] spectroscopy revealed the adenylate kinase-like activity and the phosphotransferase activity from $F_1-ATPase$ of Escherichia coli. Incubation of $F_1-ATPase$ with ADP in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$ shows the appearance of $^{31}P$ resonances from AMP and Pi, suggesting the generation of AMP and ATP by adenylate kinase-like activity and the subsequent hydrolysis to Pi. Incubation of $F_1-ATPase$ with ADP in the presence of methanol shows additional peak from methyl phosphate, suggesting phosphotransferase activity of $F_1-ATPase$. Both adenylate kinase-like activity and the phosphotransferase activity has not been reported from $F_1-ATPase$ from Escherichia coli. $^{31}P$ NMR proved that it could be a valuable tool for the investigation of phosphorous related enzyme.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1997

The role of cAMP in the differentiation process of F9 cells induced by ginsenosides was examined by performing transient transfixion assay with CRE-luciferase reporter plasmid, GR thansactivation assay with GRE-luciferase activity with or without treatment of CAMP and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and protein klnase A assay in the presence of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides had no effect on CRE-transactivation activity, whereas retinoic acid induced the activity. When cAMP or forskolin was treated with ginsenosides, GRE-luciferase activity was further augumented by them. In addition, ginsenosides induced protein kinase A activity in the presence of cAMP. These results suggest that ginsenosides activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A which, in turn, increase GR activity in F9 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2001

L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels play an important role in regulating cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ and thereby regulating hormone secretions in neuroendocrine cells. Since hormone secretions are also regulated by various kinds of protein kinases, we investigated the role of some kinase activators and inhibitors in the regulation of the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents in rat pituitary $GH_3$ cells using the patch-clamp technique. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, and vanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor, increased the $Ba^{2+}$ current through the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels. In contrast, bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM I), a PKC inhibitor, and genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, suppressed the $Ba^{2+}$ currents. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, and isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, reduced $Ba^{2+}$ currents. The above results show that the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels are activated by PKC and PTK, and inhibited by elevation of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP. From these results, it is suggested that the regulation of hormone secretion by various kinase activity in $GH_3$ cells may be attributable, at least in part, to their effect on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

RNases plays a pivotal role in biological system and different RNases are known for their various functions like angiogenesis, immunological response, antiviral, antitumour activity and apoptosis. In which anti tumour activity of RNase is proved to improve genome stability in normal cells up to some extent. RNases like RNase L shows antiviral and antitumour activities against virus infected cells and cancer cells through 2'-5' oligo adenylate pathway and induces RNaseL dependent apoptosis where as RNase A modulates various proliferative pathways like MAP kinase, JNK, TGF-${\beta}$ and activates apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes immunological response through processing of Ags. IRE1 RNase acts as both tumour suppressor gene and oncogene in normal and cancer cells and involved in both antitumour and tumorigenic activities. RNase III upregulates miRNA in cancer cells there by acting via posttranscriptional level and proven to be effective against colorectal adeno carcinoma. In addition to this IRE1 RNase is a double edged sword through RIDD pathway in ER (18). To some of the cancers expressing c-myc IRE1 acts as tumour suppressor where as in cancers where myc is downregulated IRE1 acts as tumour provoking through RIDD pathway (18). Thus RNases play vital role in regulating the genome stability.