• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the fit of the anterior and posterior teeth printed using two light-curing three-dimensional (3D) printers. Methods: Anterior and posterior single crowns were designed using dental software and were printed using 2 types of 3D printers, liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP) (n=40). After the printed crown was scanned again from inside and outside, the prepared teeth were evaluated using a 3D program. To compare the root mean square (RMS) results among groups (α=0.05), the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the mean RMS values of the anterior and posterior teeth (p>0.05). However, as a result of comparing the internal, external, and tooth shapes, the DLP group showed significantly low errors in the inner and outer surfaces than LCD group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In terms of clinical acceptance standard of 100 ㎛, the fit of the anterior and posterior teeth fabricated using LCD and DLP was clinically acceptable.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 1984

유채 육종의 기초자료를 얻고자 일본에서 도입한 품종중에서 특성이 뚜렷한 3개품종. 서구 Europe에서 도입한 3품종과 국내에서 육성한 1개품종 모두 7개품종을 교배친으로 하여 1979년 이면교잡을하고 1980~'81년의 F$_1$, F$_2$ 세대의 잡종종자를 재료로 3개 양적 형질에 대하여 유전자의 분포상태. 우성정도. 우성, 열성유전자의 빈도등을 검정한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 갈다. 1. 성숙기에서 $F_1$을 유전자의 상가적 부분인 D나 Heterosis등에 관여하는$ H_1$. $H_2$ 모두 유의성이 높았으며 성숙이 빠른 것이 우성이었고 성숙에 관여하는 유전자는 $F_1$에서는 3개, $F_2$에서는 1개로 나타났다. 또한 우성정도는 $F_1$에서는 부분우성이나 $F_2$에서는 완전우성으로 나타났다. 2. 종실중에서 우성정도는 $F_1$에서는 완전이나 $F_2$에서는 부분우성이었고 우성방향은 종실중이 무거운 쪽이었으며 유전자수는 3개로 나타났다. 또한 종실중은 열성유전자에 의해서 지배되었다. 3. 초장은 상가적 효과와 우성효과가 컸으며 초장에 관여하는 유전자수는 2개로 나타났다. 또한 우성의 방향은 장간쪽으로 나타났으며 유전력은 높았다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

A line x tester analysis was carried out in mulberry (Morns spp.) under different salinity levels to determine the changes in the genetic interaction of various morpho-biochemical characters. Five mulberry genotypes, 3 females and 2 males, differing in salt tolerance were selected for the study. Clones of these parents along with clones of the F1 hybrids were planted in earthen pots and subjected to different levels of salinity (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% NaCl). Data on morphological and biochemical characters were subjected to line x tester analysis. The result revealed significant variation among the parents studied. The prominence of non-additive gene effect under control condition suggests the need for well chalked out breeding program to exploit the non-fixable variance of components for improvement of plant height, leaf size and leaf yield, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in mulberry. However, under salinity stress a shift from non-additive gene effect to additive gene effect for the above said character further suggests the need for a change in breeding strategy. The general combining ability (GCA) analysis has identified English black as the best combiner among the parents and the specific combining ability analysis (SCA) found crosses of English black X C776 and Rotndiloba x Mandalaya were good for Plant height and leaf size and English black X C776 and Rotundiloba x C776 were good for biochemical proline and chlorophyll. From the performance of parents and their crosses under different salinity levels and also under normal cultural conditions it is concluded that in mulberry different approaches are required to develop varieties for the irrigated and saline conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2020

Objective: Eggshells with a uniform color and intensity are important for egg production because many consumers assess the quality of an egg according to the shell color. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of dominant effects on the variations in eggshell color after 32 weeks in a crossbred population. Methods: This study was conducted using 7,878 eggshell records from 2,626 hens. Heritability was estimated using a univariate animal model, which included inbreeding coefficients as a fixed effect and animal additive genetic, dominant genetic, and residuals as random effects. Genetic correlations were obtained using a bivariate animal model. The optimal diagnostic criteria identified in this study were: L^🟉 value (lightness) using a dominance model, and a^🟉 (redness), and b^🟉 (yellowness) value using an additive model. Results: The estimated heritabilities were 0.65 for shell lightness, 0.42 for redness, and 0.60 for yellowness. The dominance heritability was 0.23 for lightness. The estimated genetic correlations were 0.61 between lightness and redness, -0.84 between lightness and yellowness, and -0.39 between redness and yellowness. Conclusion: These results indicate that dominant genetic effects could help to explain the phenotypic variance in eggshell color, especially based on data from blue-shelled chickens. Considering the dominant genetic variation identified for shell color, this variation should be employed to produce blue eggs for commercial purposes using a planned mating system.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to study the nature of gene effects for the leaf characters in flue-cured tobacco. The genetic populations were derived from crosses between NC 2326 and Mc Nair 373, and NC 628 and DG-72. The generation means experiment Included the Pl, P2. Fl, F2, Bl and B2, which were frown at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1984. Seedlings were transplanted to the field in a randomized block design with 3 replications. In each block, parental and Fl Plots contained 15 plants in a single row, F2, Bl and B2 plots being composed of 75 plant, in 5 rows. Leaf characters were measured of largest (middle leaf) and 5th leaf(top leaf) from the top after topping. Measurements of the length and width of leaf were obtained from the fresh the middle and top leaves, and weight of leaf, weight and width of midrib were from the satrap leaf after curing. Estimates of additive and dominance genetic variance were analyzed according to Gamble's biometrical model. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The additive gene effects were significant and larger than the dominance gene effects for all leaf and midrib characters in both stalk positions. 2. The dominance gene effects were significant for the length and width of leaf, and weight of midrib in the middle leaves. 3. The digenic epistatic effects were significant for the length and width of leaf in both stalk positions. 4. The additive gene effects were larger in the top than in the middle leaves and midrib characters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2016

Milk-related traits (milk yield, fat and protein) have been crucial to selection of Holstein. It is essential to find the current selection trends of Holstein. Despite this, uncovering the current trends of selection have been ignored in previous studies. We suggest a new formula to detect the current selection trends based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). This suggestion is based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection both of which are trait-dependent. Fisher's theorem links the additive genetic variance to the selection coefficient. For Holstein milk production traits, we estimated the additive genetic variance using SNP effect from BLUP and selection coefficients based on genetic variance to search highly selective SNPs. Through these processes, we identified significantly selective SNPs. The number of genes containing highly selective SNPs with p-value <0.01 (nearly top 1% SNPs) in all traits and p-value <0.001 (nearly top 0.1%) in any traits was 14. They are phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), serine/threonine kinase 40 (STK40), collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (COL11A1), ephrin-A1 (EFNA1), netrin 4 (NTN4), neuron specific gene family member 1 (NSG1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), neurexin 3 (NRXN3), spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1 (ARFIP1), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), transmembrane channel-like 7 (TMC7), carboxypeptidase X, member 2 (CPXM2) and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12). These genes may be important for future artificial selection trends. Also, we found that the SNP effect predicted from BLUP was the key factor to determine the expected current selection coefficient of SNP. Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of SNP markers in current generation, the selection coefficient is equivalent to $2^*SNP$ effect.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1982

본 논문은 변형된 디지탈 Costas loop에 관한 논문으로서 제1부의 계속이다. 본 제2부 논문에서는 시스템에 잡음이 있을 경우 그의 성능을 해석하였다. 입력신호가 white Gaussian 잡음이 첨가되면 고려되는 DPLL의 noise process는 phase error detertor의 tan-1(·)함수에 의해서 Rician이 됨을 보였다. 이 경우 Chapman-Kolmogorov 방정식을 수치적으로 풀므로써 1차와 2차 loop phase error의 steady state probability density함수, mean 및 variance를 얻었으며 이 결과를 컴퓨터 시뮬레이tus에 의해서 입중하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

General and specific combining ability effects of six bivoltine breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) were evaluated for six quantitative characters through diallel method wherein parents, $F_{1}s$ and reciprocals are involved. The breeds $APS_{11}\;and\;APS_{2}$ were found to be the best general combiners for most of the traits studied. The high estimates of specific combining ability (sca) variance (${\sigma}^{2}s$) compared to general combining ability (gca) variance (${\sigma}^{2}g$) indicated the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the control of all the characters. Positive sca effects for majority of the traits were expressed by the combinations $APS_{13}{\times}APS_6,\;APS_{13}{\times}APS_2,\;APS_{11}{\times}APS_6\;and\;APS_5{\times}APS_2$ out of 15 crosses. Among the 15 reciprocal crosses studied, the combination $APS_8{\times}APS_{13}$ showed positive reciprocal effects for all the six traits. With both the parents $APS_5\;and\;APS_2$ being good general combiners the hybrid $APS_5{\times}APS_2$ showing high sca effects is recommended for commercial use.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.869-878
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• 2009

다양한 원인으로 발생하여 원래의 순수한 영상을 오염시키는 잡음을 제거하는 것은 영상처리 분야에서 가장 중요한 것이며 이를 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서 다루고자 하는 잡음제거 기법인 시그마 필터는 잡음을 감소하기 위하여 널리 사용되는 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 영상을 오염시키고 있는 잡음의 상대적인 크기를 바틀렛 검정을 사용하여 측정하고, 이를 통하여 잡음의 분산을 추정한다. 또한, 추정된 잡음의 분산의 크기를 시그마 필터에 응용하여 잡음을 효과적으로 제거하는 통계적 알고리즘을 제시한다. 모의실험 결과, 본 연구에서 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능이 잡음의 분산의 수준에 관계없이 현저하게 우수한 것을 알 수 있으며 그 효용성은 시각적으로도 명확하게 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1999

A genetic analysis for survival in fry and juvenile stages of masu salmon was described. Data from two year-classes of masu salmon were analyzed to estimate the heritability for survival during the fresh water-rearing period. The overall survival for each year-class during 8 months of freshwater rearing were 17.8 and 11.6%, respectively. Whirling disease virus (WDV) was the main cause of death in all year-classes. Survival data obtained for offspring of 42 sires and 60 dams of masu salmon (two year classes of data) was analyzed. Average survival rates in the observation period ranged 2-87% for 1994; 0-98% for 1995, repectively. In both year-classes, heritabilities for survival derived from the sire components of variance were low(0.13-0.18), except one. Heritabilities derived from the dam components of variance ranged 0.14-0.61, including non-additive genetic and /or common enviromental effects. Correlations between survival in two long-term periods were all positive and medium to high in magnitude(0.345-0.918). Correlations between survival in non-succeeding periods were, in general, low and insignificant. Correlation between long-term survival and growth rate was found in masu salmon. The corresponding correlation in masu salmon was not significantly different from zero. Correlations between sire survival and body weight, length and condition factor of slaughter were not significant, but varied.