• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

Tetanus has high lethality and can cause serious complication, so it is very important to have a quick and exact checkup and treatment. In this study, we conducted a study about clinical characteristics and types of tetanus patients in Daegu Emergency Medical Center and we studied possibility of Tetanos Quick Stick (TQS) as a selective check up to treat tentanus by comparing the results of local checkup kit measured from tetanus quick stick developed to check up tetanus antibody titer and results measured from ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The result of the study showed that tetanus happens more to males, and by looking at season, tetanus happened most in summer (from June-August) as 19 cases (45.3%), and when patients come to the emergency medical center, the diagnosis name was electrolyte imbalance 14 cases (33.3%), peripheral nerve 11 cases (26.2%), Meningitis 8 cases (19.0%), drug addiction 7 cases (16.7%), and the patients who are diagnosed as tetanus at the beginning of hospitalization was 2 cases (4.8%). The result of TQS usefulness by comparing with ELISA, in TQS, 42 people was positive and 478 people was negative. it was positive when the result was over 0.1 IU/mL, 48 people was ELISA positive while 472 people was negative. TQS checkup has accuracy of 98%, sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 99.5%, positive predictability of 95.2% and negative predictability of 98.3%. The evaluation of current immunity statuses of tetanus patients is available for TQS checkup, and it has an advantage of preventing side effects coming from the injection of unnecessary vaccine and immunoglobulin, and it is thought that it can give help to emergency checkup and treatment at the beginning.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
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• pp.34-51
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• 2000

Narcotic drugs generally refer to serious and habitual hidden rash such as opium, heroin, methyphetamin, nabinol, cocaine, and so forth. At present, narcotic drugs are spread unchecked and are causing a big social problem. So many countries and narcotists are making every effort to set up a barricade against narcotic drugs. And there is a limit suitable treatment for them. Thus Tuo Yin Tang hang is developed. As indicated by Chinese letters, Tuo yin Tang Jiang(TYTJ) is a crude drug. It is a traditional chinese medicine developed by the study done from lune in 1998 to lune in 1999 that Hubeisheng was entrusted with by People's Republic of China. This study is a treatise on etiology and syntomatology or narcotism. TYTJ is a medicine which is in accord with Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China in order to remove from the body the toxic materials resulting from narcotic drugs such as opium and heroin. According to the standard diagnosis on narcotism, 105 cases are studied and treated at the Rehabilitation Center attached to Enshi Autonomous Region Hospital in Hubeisheng. 105 cases are divided into 2 groups by double-blind method. One is the experimental group which has 56 cases. The other is the control group which has 49 ones. 13 cases among 105 cases are addicted by intravenously injections. 9 cases are by oral takings. It took 10 days for this experiment to be performed. Two groups didn't show a striking individual variation based on the age, gender, period of taking drugs, withdrawal symptoms, complication, and state of health. The experimental group had a higher effect of treatment than the control group had. TYTJ treats diseases effectively and has no side effect, irrespective of the serious or slight addiction to opium and morphine.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 학교 밖 비행 청소년의 도박경험을 심층적으로 이해하고 도박경험이 갖는 내용과 의미를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구방법을 활용하였다. 소년법 보호처분을 받은 청소년 6명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 통한 자료를 수집하고 4단계의 분석과정을 통해 도박경험의 구조를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 상위구성요소 6개, 하위구성요소 18개가 도출되었다. 즉, 학교 밖 비행청소년의 도박경험은 '근접한 도박의 유혹', '도박의 굴레에 갇힘', '변질된 삶', '비공식망의 관계 훼손', '일그러진 존재가 됨', '도박에서 벗어나려는 시도들'로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 지금까지 연구된 바 없는 학교 밖 비행청소년의 도박경험의 본질적 의미와 경험구조를 파악했다는 점과 학교 밖 비행 청소년의 복지 및 도박중독의 관점에서 융합적으로 연구되었다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 학교 밖 비행청소년의 도박문제 예방 및 치료에 관한 실천적, 정책적 대안을 제시하였다.

• 심성연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.129-183
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• 2024

본 연구는 알코올 중독의 심적 진실에 좀 더 가까이 다가가 보고자 하는 하나의 시도이다. 이를 위해 선행연구들을 검토한 후, 여러 알코올 환자들의 경험 지평을 의식뿐 아니라 무의식도 포괄하며 살펴보았다. 무의식 측면에 다가가기 위해서는 환자들이 보고한 일련의 꿈들에 대한 분석심리학적 해석을 시도하였다. 꿈 분석은 치료 작업에의 환자의 참여, 치료자-환자 동맹 관계에도 유익하였으며, 환자의 무의식과 의식 모두를 함께 보다 잘 살필 수 있도록 도움을 주었다. 이로부터 본 연구자는 환자들의 의식에 자리한 문제로서 진솔한 감정 표현의 오랜 소외, 감정 재경험의 필요성, 모성의 품에 대한 오랜 갈망과 모성 재경험의 필요성, 이에 동반되는 부성 재경험의 필요성 등을 확인할 수 있었으며, 아울러, 무의식 심층에서부터 이런 의식의 상황에 반응하여 강력한 원형적 정신활동이 활성화되고 있음을, 이에 수반하여 파괴적인 그림자 콤플렉스의 문제 또한 나타나고 있음을, 확인할 수 있었다. 보고된 꿈들은 의식의 관점·태도를 수정하며 치유적 변화를 이끌어가는 무의식의 섬세한 보상 과정이 알코올 중독에서도 일어나고 있음을 잘 보여주었다. 무의식은 알코올 중독에서도 의식의 변화를 위한 창조적 에너지를 비축하고 이에 의식이 반응하도록 인도하는 작용을 성실히 전개하고 있었다. 종합해 볼 때 알코올 중독은 의식에 범람하는 무의식의 에너지로 인해 현실의 삶이 파괴될 수 있는 위험이면서 동시에, 새로운 의식성과 새로운 삶의 지평을 창조하고자 하는 전체적 정신활동의 의도와 목적이 담긴 조건이기도 했다. 이는, 진정한 회복은 당사자가 내면의 심적 진실에 눈을 돌리는 것에서 시작되며 이를 돕는 데 있어 치료자의 중요한 역할이 있음을, 다양한 치료적 방편들도 결국은 이러한 성찰에 이바지하게 될 때 더욱 값진 의미를 획득하게 되는 것임을 시사한다. 심적 진실을 외면하며 그릇된 대상에만 집착하는 한, 무의식의 창조성은 활용되지 못하고 오히려 왜곡되어 부정적·파괴적 영향을 삶에 주게 될 것이기 때문이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this review is to investigate studies on skin adverse reactions and to demonstrate subjects related to the adverse effects in dermatology. Methods : Electric searches were performed with KISS(Korean studies Information Search System) and the key words were combination of 'skin' and 'adverse effect'. 87 literatures investigated in this review were issued from 1900 to 2016. Results : Among the 87 papers, dermatologic adverse reactions were reported in 83 papers in medicine, accounting for 95.4%. Of the adverse effects seen on the skin, 84 discoloration such as erythema, pigmentation and hemotelangiosis were the most common, accounting for 21%. Among the medical adverse reactions not seen on the skin, 21 infection were the most common, accounting for 25%. Among the subjective adverse reactions, of which 32 pruritus were the most common, accounting for 43%. Among the 87 papers, there were 3 cases with underlying diabetes and 3 cases with underlying hypertension, followed by 2 cases with chronic renal failure, HBV, atopic dermatitis and respectively 1 case with alcoholism, depression addiction, multiple myeloma, arthritis and psoriasis. The most frequent period until adverse reactions appeared was within 2 weeks, accounting for 13 papers. And 4 were the most frequent adverse reactions lasting less than 1 month, and 4 were more than 3 months and less than 6 months. There were 48 cases where adverse reactions were caused by nonmedical practioner's treatment. The adverse reactions by the pharmacist were the highest at 11 cases (23%). There were 17 cases of adverse reactions due to medical treatment, among which dermatologists and nondermatologists accounted for the majority of 5 cases, 29%. The most common cause of adverse reactions was the application of external medicine (41 cases), followed by 36 cases of foreign body implantation, eyebrow tattooing, ear piercing, etc. Conclusions : In this report, we demonstrated patterns of adverse reactions in the medical field of dermatology caused by non-medical personnel than medical personnel. We suggest that more effort should be followed by medical personnel to establish clear awareness of skin disease and by patients to be aware of the risks of the illegal medical treatment by non-medical personnel.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2010

Objectives: Cocaine has been well known as a representative drug of abuse for its strong reinforcing effect linked to the mesolimbic reward system including dopamine, and such reinforcement leads to the addiction. Acupuncture has been used widely in eastern Asia for the treatment of various diseases including mental disorders and psychiatric problems, and is gathering more interest as one of the complementary and alternative medicines in western countries. In a previous study, we demonstrated that acupuncture at HT7 could affect dopamine release in the mesolimbic system of rats sensitized to alcohol and morphine. This study was designed to investigate whether acupuncture at HT7 could attenuate cocaine intake or not. Material & Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 270-300 g at the start of experiment were trained to self-administer food pellets under a fixed ratio 1 schedule. After the success of acquisition of 100 pellets within 3 h for 3 consecutive days, animals were subjected to surgery whereby Silastic tubing was implanted into right jugular vein and secured with mesh under the anesthetization using pentobarbital injection (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Following recovery, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.25 mg/kg) in daily 2 h sessions under fixed ratio 1 schedule over 10 days. Each treatment was performed on the next day of each establishment of baseline. Results: Results show that acupuncture at HT7, but not at control points, reduced cocaine intake significantly. Acupuncture at HT7 decreased selectively active lever response from $63.15{\pm}3.35$ to $51.46{\pm}3.99$ corresponding $82.12{\pm}5.31%$ compared to basal level. Also, it was demonstrated that the effect of acupuncture was mainly occurred at the half period. Nevertheless, acupuncture at HT7 did not influence the food taking behavior. Conclusions: From the results of this study, it may be suggested that acupuncture at HT7, at least in part, could contribute to the treatment of cocaine abuse.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2013

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an oriental herbal preparation obtained from Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae). To expand our understanding of the action of KRG on central nervous system (CNS) function, we examined the effects of KRG on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat primary astrocytes. KRG extract was treated in cultured rat primary astrocytes and neuron in a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL and the expression of functional tPA/PAI-1 was examined by casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. KRG extracts increased PAI-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes in a concentration dependent manner (0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL) without affecting the expression of tPA itself. Treatment of 1.0 mg/mL KRG increased PAI-1 protein expression in rat primary astrocytes to $319.3{\pm}65.9%$ as compared with control. The increased PAI-1 expression mediated the overall decrease in tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Due to the lack of PAI-1 expression in neuron, KRG did not affect tPA activity in neuron. KRG treatment induced a concentration dependent activation of PI3K, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK in rat primary astrocytes and treatment of PI3K or MAPK inhibitors such as LY294002, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 (10 ${\mu}M$ each), significantly inhibited 1.0 mg/mL KRG-induced expression of PAI-1 and down-regulation of tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Furthermore, compound K but not other ginsenosides such as Rb1 and Rg1 induced PAI-1 expression. KRG-induced up-regulation of PAI-1 in astrocytes may play important role in the regulation of overall tPA activity in brain, which might underlie some of the beneficial effects of KRG on CNS such as neuroprotection in ischemia and brain damaging condition as well as prevention or recovery from addiction.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 도박중독자 가족을 위한 긍정심리기반 음악치료프로그램이 도박중독자에 대한 명시적, 암묵적 태도 변화를 발생시키는지 알아보고자 하였다. 도박문제관련 상담센터를 이용하거나 단도박가족모임(GAM-ANON; 이하 GA)에 참여하고 있는 도박중독자 가족들을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 실험집단(n=11)은 8회기의 긍정심리기반 집단 음악치료 프로그램에 참여하였으며, 비교집단(n=8)은 8회기의 개인상담을 실시하거나 GA 가족모임에 참석하였다. 치료 효과를 확인하기 위해 가족관계에 대한 태도를 명시적(가족관계척도), 암묵적(IAT; Implicit Assoication Task) 방식으로 측정하였으며, 그 외에 자기보고식 방식으로 정서 및 분노(PANAS, HBDIS)의 변화를 함께 확인하였다. 연구결과, 긍정심리기반 음악치료프로그램에 참여한 집단은 비교집단에 비하여 긍정정서가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 치료집단의 암묵적인 태도의 경우, 가족과 부정단어를 연합시키는 속도가 유의하게 빨라졌으며, 이는 치료를 통해 도박중독자 가족들이 중독자 가족에 대한 부정적 감정이 선명하게 드러날 수 있음을 시사한다. 향후에는 도박중독자들의 가족 구성원들의 태도 변화를 직접적으로 이끌 수 있는 치료 프로그램이 제공되어야 할 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.753-765
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of women problem gamblers, focusing on the meaning of gambling to them, how and why these women continue to gamble or stop gambling, and their needs and concerns. In order to effectively help women problem gamblers, practical in-depth knowledge is necessary to develop intervention programs for prevention, treatment, and recovery among women problem gamblers. Methods: The hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used to guide in-depth interviews and team interpretation of data. Sixteen women gamblers who chose to live in the casino area were recruited through snowball sampling with help from a counseling center. Participants were individually interviewed from February to April 2013 and asked to tell their stories of gambling. Transcribed interviews provided data for interpretive analysis. Results: In the study analysis one constitutive pattern was identified: moving beyond addiction by recognizing the two faces of gambling in their life. Four related themes emerged in the analysis-gambling as alluring; gambling as 'ugly'; living in contradictions; and moving beyond. Conclusion: Loneliness and isolation play a critical role in gambling experiences of women gamblers in Korea. In other words, they are motivated to gamble in order to escape from loneliness, to stop gambling for fear of being lonely as they get older, and to stay in the casnio area so as not to be alone. The need for acceptance is one fo the important factors that should be considered in developing intervention program for women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4983-4988
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• 2014

Background: In Muslim majority countries (MMC) opioid use for pain management is extremely low. The underlying factors contributing to this are not well defined. Aim: The aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of cancer patients towards morphine use for pain management in a MMC and identify the factors that influence patient decisions to accept or refuse morphine as treatment for cancer pain. Settings/participants: Patients were questioned whether they had pain or not, the severity and the medications for pain management. Questions included what type of medication they thought morphine was, whether or not they would be willing to take morphine if recommended for pain management and the basis for their decision if they were against morphine use. Results: Four hundred and eighty-eight patients participated in the study. Some 50% of the patients who refused morphine use and 36.8% of the patients who would prefer another drug, if possible, identified fear of addiction as the basis for their decision. Reservation of morphine for later in their disease was the case for 22.4% of the patients who refused morphine use. Only 13.7 % of the patients refusing morphine and 9.7% of the patients who preferred another drug, if possible, cited religious reasons as the basis for this decision. Conclusions: Identifying the underlying factors contributing to low opioid use for pain management in MMC is important. Once the underlying factors were identified, all efforts should be taken to overcome them as they are barriers to improving patient pain management.