• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-190
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• 2002

This study were conducted to assess the physical growth and developmental status of infants in orphanage in order to provide an empirical data. The subjects for this study were 104 infants and toddlers who were reared in an orphanage in D Metropolitan city. The instrument used for this study were anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. Data has been collected from September 1st, 1998 to August 31st, 2000 and were analyzed using SPSS/PC(Version 10.0) with frequency, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 30.8% of infants in orphanage had abnormal weight, 26.9% had abnormal length, and 22.1% had abnormal head circumference and most of them were distributed below 50 percentile of growth chart. 2. 53.8% of infants in orphanage had normal, 27.9% had qustionable, and 18.3% had abnormal developmental screening test results, especially, 31.5% of infants in orphanage ages 3 to 5 years had abnormal developmental screening test results, according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST). There was a significant developmental delay noted in the language and fine motor-adaptive sector. 3. It is anticipated that developmental delays would increase in severity by older the mean age of orphanage infants and longer the time being raised in orphanage. It would be concluded that the physical growth and developmental status of orphaned infants were very vulnerable and serious and it is suggested that there needed an effective intervention strategies to promote growth and development of infants in orphanage.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.289-309
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• 2019

Marine microalgae have long been used as food additives and feeds for juvenile fish and invertebrates as their nutritional content is beneficial for humans and marine aquaculture species. Recently, they have also been recognized as a promising source for cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical products as well as biofuels. Marine microalgae of various species are rich in multiple anti-oxidant phytochemicals and their bioactive components have been employed in cosmetics and dietary supplements. Oil contents in certain groups of marine microalgae are extraordinarily rich and abundant and therefore have been commercialized as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplements and mass production of microalgae-based biodiesels has been demonstrated by diverse research groups. Numerous natural products from marine microalgae with significant biological activities are reported yearly and this is attributed to their unique adaptive abilities to the great diversity of marine habitats and harsh conditions of marine environments. Previously unknown toxin compounds from red tide-forming dinoflagellates have also been identified which opens up potential applications in the blue biotechnology sector. This review paper provides a brief overview of the biotechnological potentials of Korean marine microalgae. We hope that this review will provide guidance for future marine biotechnology R&D strategies and the various marine microalgae-based industries in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.137-151
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• 2021

Revitalized alley-type urban commercial streets have recently received a lot of attention as a preferred place for people. The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methods for the making of alley-type urban commercial street. For that, theoretical review and case analysis were conducted on the street spatial characteristics of 'Jeonridan-gil' and 'Mangmidan-gil' in Busan, about site overview, street spatial composition, building use, streetscape and street furniture. The implications through the study are as follows. (1) Street environment should be created to improve the pedestrian space and environment. (2) The existing main use and the newly introduced use need to be coexisted. (3) The identity of the street must be maintained through adaptive reuse, etc. (4) The voluntary formation of the private sector and the planned making of the public need to be cooperated.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2021

Fire sprinkler initial spray was analyzed by Large eddy simulation (LES) and Volume of Fluid (VoF) integrated method. The IsoAdvector geometric VoF was used to identify the liquid-gas interface clearly even with the large Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number. To reduce the computational costs, sector meshes and Adaptive Mesh Refinement up to level 3 were used. Base mesh size was 1 mm, which is roughly equivalent to the initial sprinkler droplet. Top surface radius of boss and deflector size were modified to investigate the effects of sprinkler head design on primary breakup process. When top surface radius of boss was increased, vertical liquid sheet was formed. This phenomenon reduced the sheet breakup radius, sheet thickness and velocity. Due to reduced liquid sheet thickness, a large amount of ligaments was created from the liquid sheet. As a result, there was a dramatic decrease in volume per surface area, indicating an increase in breakup process. Spray pattern viewed in radial direction also changed when top surface radius of boss increased. When top surface radius of boss was increased, a T-shaped pattern was observed while a V-shaped pattern was observed in all other cases. When the deflector size increases, the spray pattern remains V-shaped, even if the top surface radius of boss increased. Further studies on promoting atomization of the water supplied to the lower part of the sprinkler head in the T-shape pattern should be conducted.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2022

Artificial Intelligence has stimulated every aspect of today's life. Human thinking quality is trying to be involved through digital tools in all research areas of the modern era. The education industry is also leveraging artificial intelligence magical power. Uses of digital technologies in pedagogical paradigms are being observed from the last century. The widespread involvement of artificial intelligence starts reshaping the educational landscape. Adaptive learning is an emerging pedagogical technique that uses computer-based algorithms, tools, and technologies for the learning process. These intelligent practices help at each learning curve stage, from content development to student's exam evaluation. The quality of information technology students and professionals training has also improved drastically with the involvement of artificial intelligence systems. In this paper, we will investigate adopted digital methods in the education sector so far. We will focus on intelligent techniques adopted for information technology students and professionals. Our literature review works on our proposed framework that entails four categories. These categories are communication between teacher and student, improved content design for computing course, evaluation of student's performance and intelligent agent. Our research will present the role of artificial intelligence in reshaping the educational process.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-93
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• 2014

The aim of this research was to develop a climate change vulnerability index at the district level (Si, Gun, Gu) with respect to the health care sector in Korea. The climate change vulnerability index was esimated based on the four major causes of climate-related illnesses : vector, flood, heat waves, and air pollution/allergies. The vulnerability assessment framework consists of six layers, all of which are based on the IPCC vulnerability concepts (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) and the pathway of direct and indirect impacts of climate change modulators on health. We collected proxy variables based on the conceptual framework of climate change vulnerability. Data were standardized using the min-max normalization method. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weight and aggregated the variables using the non-compensatory multi-criteria approach. To verify the index, sensitivity analysis was conducted by using another aggregation method (geometric transformation method, which was applied to the index of multiple deprivation in the UK) and weight, calculated by the Budget Allocation method. The results showed that it would be possible to identify the vulnerable areas by applying the developed climate change vulnerability assessment index. The climate change vulnerability index could then be used as a valuable tool in setting climate change adaptation policies in the health care sector.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.105-137
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• 2012

After relationship marketing emerged as a new approach in the marketing field in the 1980s, it has been widely studied in the United States, Europe and Asia. Rapid environmental changes and global competition has made it inevitable for companies to consider their relationships with the environment more closely. Under these circumstances, relationship marketing has held a position as a pivotal paradigm in the field of strategy as well as in marketing. In addition, relationship marketing has overcome the limitations of a traditional marketing research while providing richer implications in company's marketing activities. The paradigm shift to relationship marketing has brought fundamental changes in a marketing point of view. First, in philosophical aspects, unlike past research which focused solely on customer satisfaction, organizational relationship parameters which focuses on trust and commitment has become key elements of successful relationship marketing while shifts in thoughts naturally take place from adaptive marketing to strategic marketing. Second, in structural aspects, the relational mechanism of governance such as network structure with a variety of relational partners has emerged as a new marketing organization from the previous simple structure focusing on the micro-economic, marketbased trading between seller and customer. Third, in behavioral aspects, it proposed the strategic course of the action of gaining an advantage over the competition on the individual firm level by focusing on building long-term relationships and considering partnership with the components in the entire marketing system, rather than with one-time transaction-centric action between a seller and a customer. Fourth, in the aspects of marketing performance, marketing performance was sought through the long-term and cooperative relationship with various stakeholders, including customers in the marketing system, focusing on the overall competitive advantage based on relationship rather than individual performance of individual companies' marketing activities, such as market share and customer satisfaction. However, studies of relationship marketing were mostly centered in interorganizational relationships focusing on the relational structure and properties of commercial sector in the marketing system. Paradoxically, the circumstance of the consumer's side that must be considered is evolving again in relationship marketing. In structural aspects, a community, as the new relationship governance structure in the digital environment, and in behavioral aspects, the changing role of consumer participation demanding big changes in the digital environment engaged in the marketing system. The possibility of building a relationship marketing community for common value creation is presented in terms of organization of consumers with the focus on changing marketing environment and marketing system according to the new realities of the 21st century- the popularity of digital environments and the diffusion of customer participation. Therefore, future research of relationship marketing must seek for a truly integrated model including all of the existing structure and properties of the research oriented relationship from both the commercial and consumer sector.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the application of the Denver II developmental screening test to Korean children. This screening test. which was developed and standardized in United States. was designed to screen for developmental delay in Korea. and to compare the levels of development of Korean children with the development of children from the U.S. Method: Quota sampling. NP To facilitate field sampling. the age range used from 0 to 6 years old. was split into 10 different age groups. Sample size was estimated according to residence. 1.054 children were recruited from Seoul's metropolitan. urban and rural areas. NP To fill the quota established. the Recruitment and testing of children was done at public health centers, pediatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and a child care center. The 25, 50, 75 and 90 percentiles were identified by using logistic regression analysis and were calculated as norms. The items in which the ages of both 50 and 90 percent passing differed more than 20 percent by the calculation was identified for comparison. NP Result: There were significant differences found in 45 items between Korean children and the children from the City of Denver as it relates to age differences. 90% of the sample passed items among 125 items from 4 sectors, e.g., personal- social. fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor sectors. Korean children were found to be advanced in 9 items, whereas there were significant differences found in 38 items in our comparison of the two countries for age differences when 50% of sample pass items. Korean children were found to be advanced in 16 items. NP Conclusion: The result showed that there was a discrepancy in the developmental norms. It could be explained by the differences in the developmental environment. including child rearing patterns and ethnicity. Therefore, a restandardization of the Denver Screening Test is necessary as it relates to its application on Korean children. This restandardization is necessary in order to avoid both under and over-referrals of children with developmental abnormality. The modification of items in the language sector is especially suggested.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect Meister high school students' career maturity with respect to the impact on school maladjustment. Also, this study clarify the relationship. This study purpose is to permanently provide Meister as the basis for the vocational education sector career education needed to faithfully serve as a special purpose high schools. Tools used for the survey is maladaptive measurement tools developed by Leegyumi (2004) and Career maturity measurement tools developed at Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (2012). Using these tools, a reliability test was conducted. Meister students' career maturity was conducted correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to analyze the impact of school maladjustment. Independent variables are consisted of career maturity and independence, attitude toward the job, planning, self-understanding, rational decision-making, information retrieval, knowledge of the desired job, career exploration and ready for action. Meister high school student's career maturity according to the students' background variables are little girls was higher than boys, but it was not statistically significant. T-test was conducted to ascertain the career maturity and school maladjustment differences of adaptation groups and maladaptive group in meister school students in background variables. A career maturity and school maladjustment between adaptive and maladaptive population groups showed a statistically significant difference in background variables.