• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1077-1099
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• 2016

One of the main shortcomings in the current passive base isolation system is lack of adaptability. The recent research and development of a novel adaptive seismic isolator based on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) material has created an opportunity to add adaptability to base isolation systems for civil structures. The new MRE based base isolator is able to significantly alter its shear modulus or lateral stiffness with the applied magnetic field or electric current, which makes it a competitive candidate to develop an adaptive base isolation system. This paper aims at exploring suitable control algorithms for such adaptive base isolation system by developing a close-loop semi-active control system for a building structure equipped with MRE base isolators. The MRE base isolator is simulated by a numerical model derived from experimental characterization based on the Bouc-Wen Model, which is able to describe the force-displacement response of the device accurately. The parameters of Bouc-Wen Model such as the stiffness and the damping coefficients are described as functions of the applied current. The state-space model is built by analyzing the dynamic property of the structure embedded with MRE base isolators. A Lyapunov-based controller is designed to adaptively vary the current applied to MRE base isolator to suppress the quake-induced vibrations. The proposed control method is applied to a widely used benchmark base-isolated structure by numerical simulation. The performance of the adaptive base isolation system was evaluated through comparison with optimal passive base isolation system and a passive base isolation system with optimized base shear. It is concluded that the adaptive base isolation system with proposed Lyapunov-based semi-active control surpasses the performance of other two passive systems in protecting the civil structures under seismic events.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2019

Despite its success and wide application, base isolation system has been challenged for its passive nature, i.e., incapable of working with versatile external loadings. This is particularly exaggerated during near-source earthquakes and earthquakes with dominate low-frequency components. To address this issue, many efforts have been explored, including active base isolation system and hybrid base isolation system (with added controllable damping). Active base isolation system requires extra energy input which is not economical and the power supply may not be available during earthquakes. Although with tunable energy dissipation ability, hybrid base isolation systems are not able to alter its fundamental natural frequency to cope with varying external loadings. This paper reports an overview of new adventure with aim to develop adaptive base isolation system with controllable stiffness (thus adaptive natural frequency). With assistance of the feedback control system and the use of smart material technology, the proposed smart base isolation system is able to realize real-time decoupling of external loading and hence provides effective seismic protection against different types of earthquakes.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1101-1121
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• 2016

Base isolation, one of the popular seismic protection approaches proven to be effective in practical applications, has been widely applied worldwide during the past few decades. As the techniques mature, it has been recognised that, the biggest issue faced in base isolation technique is the challenge of great base displacement demand, which leads to the potential of overturning of the structure, instability and permanent damage of the isolators. Meanwhile, drain, ventilation and regular maintenance at the base isolation level are quite difficult and rather time- and fund- consuming, especially in the highly populated areas. To address these challenges, a number of efforts have been dedicated to propose new isolation systems, including segmental building, additional storey isolation (ASI) and mid-storey isolation system, etc. However, such techniques have their own flaws, among which whipping effect is the most obvious one. Moreover, due to their inherent passive nature, all these techniques, including traditional base isolation system, show incapability to cope with the unpredictable and diverse nature of earthquakes. The solution for the aforementioned challenge is to develop an innovative vibration isolation system to realise variable structural stiffness to maximise the adaptability and controllability of the system. Recently, advances on the development of an adaptive magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) vibration isolator has enlightened the development of adaptive base isolation systems due to its ability to alter stiffness by changing applied electrical current. In this study, an innovative semi-active storey isolation system inserting such novel MRE isolators between each floor is proposed. The stiffness of each level in the proposed isolation system can thus be changed according to characteristics of the MRE isolators. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm type II (NSGA-II) with dynamic crowding distance (DCD) is utilised for the optimisation of the parameters at isolation level in the system. Extensive comparative simulation studies have been conducted using 5-storey benchmark model to evaluate the performance of the proposed isolation system under different earthquake excitations. Simulation results compare the seismic responses of bare building, building with passive controlled MRE base isolation system, building with passive-controlled MRE storey isolation system and building with optimised storey isolation system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.701-723
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• 2015

Friction isolators are one of the most important types of bearings used to mitigate damages of earthquakes. The adaptive behavior of these isolators allows them to achieve multiple levels of performances and predictable seismic behavior during different earthquake hazard levels. There are three main types of friction isolators. The first generation with one sliding surface is known as Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolators. The double concave friction pendulum (DCFP) with two sliding surfaces is an advanced form of FPS, and the third one, with fully adaptive behavior, is named as triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP). The current study has been conducted to investigate and compare seismic responses of these three types of isolators. The structure is idealized as a two-dimensional single degree of freedom (SDOF) resting on isolators. The coupled differential equations of motion are derived and solved using state space formulation. Seismic responses of isolated structures using each one of these isolators are investigated under seven near fault earthquake motions. The peak values of bearing displacement and base shear are studied employing the variation of essential parameters such as superstructure period, effective isolation period and effective damping of isolator. The results demonstrate a more efficient seismic behavior of TCFP isolator comparing to the other types of isolators. This efficiency depends on the selected effective isolation period as well as effective isolation damping. The investigation shows that increasing the effective isolation period or decreasing the effective isolation damping improves the seismic behavior of TCFP compared to the other isolators. The maximum difference in seismic responses, the base shear and the bearing displacement, for the TCFP isolator are calculated 26.8 and 13.4 percent less than the DCFP and FPS in effective isolation damping equal to10%, respectively.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호통권42호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 하이브리드 면진장치가 설치된 단자유도 구조물의 동적거동을 예측할 수 있는 수치해석모델을 제안한다. 하이브리드 면진장치는 MR 감쇠기와 마찰진자시스템(FPS)으로 구성된다. MR감쇠기의 동적거동을 모형화하기 위하여 뉴로-퍼지 모델을 사용한다. 다양한 변위, 속도, 전압의 조합을 사용하여 MR 감쇠기의 성능실험을 수행한 후 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 MR 감쇠기 뉴로-퍼지 모델을 ANFIS로 학습시킨다. FPS의 모형화는 본 연구에서 유도한 비선형 모델식에 근거하여 뉴로-퍼지 모형화방법을 사용하여 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 MR 감쇠기로 전달되는 제어전압을 조절하기 위하여 퍼지논리제어기를 사용한다. 다양한 지진하중을 사용한 진동대 실험을 통하여 얻은 실험체의 동적응답과와 뉴로-퍼지 모형화방법을 사용한 수치해석의 결과를 비교한다. 뉴로-퍼지 모델을 사용하여 MR 감쇠기와 FPS를 모형화해서 수치해석을 수행한 결과 하이브리드 면진장치의 동적거동을 매우 정확하게 예측할 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2024

Smart base-isolated buildings rest on flexible pads known as base isolators that minimize the effect of external disturbances along with active/semi-active actuators. The strategies used to control these active components are typically based on system models that are known a priori. Although these models describe some of the most important dynamics of the elements involved in the system, the high degree of uncertainty in the behavior of a structure under external disturbances is very difficult to characterize using a fixed model. In this work, we propose a strategy that deals with this issue: the input that controls the actuator in the base isolation system results from the compound action of a controller that relies on a model of the system that is known a priori, and a control policy that is designed based on online data-driven inferences on the behavior of the system. In this way, the control design process incorporates both the prior information about the system and the unknowns of the system, such as non-modeled parameters and nonlinear behaviors in the building. We show through simulations the performance of the proposed method in an eight-story building subjected to seismic loading.