• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.393-404
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• 2023

This paper presents the application of hybrid-simulation-based adapter elements for the non-linear two-scale analysis of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills under seismic-like demands. The approach provides communication and distribution of the computations carried out by two or more remote or locally distributed numerical models connected through the OpenFresco Framework. The modeling consists of a global analysis formed by macro-elements to represent frames and walls, and to reduce global degrees of freedom, portions of the structure that require advanced analysis are substituted by experimental elements and dimensional couplings acting as interfaces with their respective sub-assemblies. The local sub-assemblies are modeled by solid finite elements where the non-linear behavior of concrete matrix and masonry infill adopt a continuum damage representation and the reinforcement steel a discrete one, the conditions at interfaces between concrete and masonry are considered through a contact model. The methodology is illustrated through the analysis of a frame-wall system subjected to lateral loads comparing the results of using macro-elements, finite element model and experimental observations. Finally, to further assess and validate the methodology proposed, the paper presents the pushover analysis of two more complex structures applying both modeling scales to obtain their corresponding capacity curves.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.624-630
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• 2008

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a method that has been frequently used to survey the microbial diversity of environmental samples and to monitor changes in microbial communities. T-RFLP is a highly sensitive and reproducible procedure that combines a PCR with a labeled primer, restriction digestion of the amplified DNA, and separation of the terminal restriction fragment (T-RF). The reliable identification of T-RF requires the information of nucleotide sequences as well as the size of T-RF. However, it is difficult to obtain the information of nucleotide sequences because the T-RFs are fragmented and lack a priming site of 3'-end for efficient cloning and sequence analysis. Here, we improved on the T-RFLP method in order to analyze the nucleotide sequences of the distinct T-RFs. The first method is to selectively amplify the portion of T-RF ligated with specific oligonucleotide adapters. In the second method, the termini of T-RFs were tailed with deoxynucleotides using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and amplified by a second round of PCR. The major T-RFs generated from reference strains and from T-RFLP profiles of activated sludge samples were efficiently isolated and identified by using two modified T-RFLP methods. These methods are less time consuming and labor-intensive when compared with other methods. The T-RFLP method using TdT has the advantages of being a simple process and having no limit of restriction enzymes. Our results suggest that these methods could be useful tools for the taxonomic interpretation of T-RFs.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2003

For workflow systems using XML documents for saving workflow process definition and especially for XML-based worflow systems, a repository needed to provide control for XML documents. The repository allows uniform access to shared data and facilitates integration among tools in workfolw systems. An XML repository gives the best solution to maintain, exchane, and modify the workflow process definition meta data, which is in the form of XML documents . The XML repository, where users can lookup the worflow definition objects, serves as the metadata foundation of the workflow system. In this paper, we developed for XML Repository(called REPOWO : REPOsitory for Workflow) that can store, delete, search and transform XML documents. REPOWO is implemented by combining EJB components based on RDBMS. By REPOWO, workfolw process definitions, data type definitions and transition informations can be easily manage.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.44-53
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• 2013

Ongoing SWIM(System Wide Information Management) with the United States and European countries as the center is a part of the ASBU(Aviation System Block Upgrade) program improved performance of aeronautical data system in the International Civil Aviation Organization and a core technology of Integrated Aeronautical Data Management Network to elevate service through digitally aeronautical information management. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze SWIM architecture and network applied the concept of SOA(Service Oriented Architecture), and propose methods of implementation transforming applications operating established legacy aeronautical data system into integrated aeronautical data management network through adapter technology. This will allow development of middleware and application suitable for the next generation infrastructure network environment for efficient ATM(Air Traffic Management)and provide timely required information for users.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 1994

Genomic RNA was extracted from Cy strain of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV-Cy) isolated from infected leaves of tobacco cv. Samsun. Size of the genomic RNA was about 6.6 kb in length. The genomic RNA was fractionated using Sephadex G-50 column chromatography into 2 fractions. They were polyadenylated at their 3'-end using E. coli poly(A) polymerase. Polyadenylated viral RNA was recovered by oligo (dT) primer adapter containing NotI restriction site and Moloney murine leukemia virus SuperScript reverse transcriptase (RNase H-). Second-strand cDNA was synthesized by using E. coli DNA ligase, E. coli DNA polymerase I and E. coli RNase H. Recombinant plasmids containing cDNAs for ORSV-Cy RNA ranged from about 800 bp to 3,000 bp. Among the selected 238 recombinants, pORCY-124 clone was the largest one covering 3'-terminal half of the viral RNA. This clone contained two restriction sites for EcoRI and XbaI and one site for AccI, AvaI, BglII, BstXI, HindIII, PstI, and TthIII 1. respectively. The clone contained partial viral replicase, a full-length movement protein and a complete coat protein genes followed by a 3' untranslated region of 414 nucleotides based on restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing analyses. Clones pORCY-028, -068, -072, -187 and -224 were overlapped with the pORCY-124. Clones pORCY-014 and -095 covered 5' half upstream from the middle region of the viral RNA, which was estimated based on restriction mapping and partial sequence analysis. Constructed cDNA library covered more than 90% of the viral genome.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1336-1344
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• 2011

This study details and examines a novel ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LM-PCR) method. Named the LM-PCR/Shifter, it relies on the use of a Class IIS restriction enzyme giving restriction fragments with different 4-base, 5' overhangs, this being the Shifter, and the ligation of appropriate oligonucleotide adapters. A sequence of 4-base, 5' overhangs of the adapter and a 4-base sequence of the 3' end of the primer(s) determine a subset of the genomic restriction fragments, which are amplified by PCR. The method permits the differentiation of bacterial species strains on the basis of the different DNA band patterns obtained after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide and visualized in UV light. The usefulness of the LM-PCR/Shifter method for genotyping is analyzed by a comparison with the restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (REA-PFGE) and PCR melting profile (PCR MP) methods for isolates of clinical origin. The clustering of the LM-PCR/Shifter fingerprinting data matched those of the REA-PFGE and PCR MP methods. We found that the LM-PCR/Shifter is rapid, and offers good discriminatory power and excellent reproducibility, making it a method that may be effectively applied in epidemiological studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1261-1271
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• 2020

Cytochrome c_L (Cytc_L) is an essential protein in the process of methanol oxidation in methylotrophs. It receives an electron from the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) to produce formaldehyde. The direct electron transfer mechanism between Cytc_L and MDH remains unknown due to the lack of structural information. To help gain a better understanding of the mechanism, we determined the first crystal structure of heme c containing Cytc_L from the aquatic methylotrophic bacterium Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans MP^T at 2.13 Å resolution. The crystal structure of Ma-Cytc_L revealed its unique features compared to those of the terrestrial homologues. Apart from Fe in heme, three additional metal ion binding sites for Na⁺, Ca⁺, and Fe²⁺ were found, wherein the ions mostly formed coordination bonds with the amino acid residues on the loop (G93-Y111) that interacts with heme. Therefore, these ions seemed to enhance the stability of heme insertion by increasing the loop's steadiness. The basic N-terminal end, together with helix α4 and loop (G126 to Y136), contributed positive charge to the region. In contrast, the acidic C-terminal end provided a negatively charged surface, yielding several electrostatic contact points with partner proteins for electron transfer. These exceptional features of Ma-Cytc_L, along with the structural information of MDH, led us to hypothesize the need for an adapter protein bridging MDH to Cytc_L within appropriate proximity for electron transfer. With this knowledge in mind, the methanol oxidation complex reconstitution in vitro could be utilized to produce metabolic intermediates at the industry level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2017

Previous studies have demonstrated the role of hydroquinone (HQ), a hydroxylated benzene metabolite, in modulating various immune responses; however, its role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses is not fully understood. In this study, the role of HQ in inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanism were explored in macrophages. HQ down-regulated the expression of interferon $(IFN)-{\beta}$ mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without any cytotoxicity and suppressed interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3-mediated luciferase activity induced by TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-${\beta}$ (TRIF) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). A mechanism study revealed that HQ inhibited IRF-3 phosphorylation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TRIF, and AKT by suppressing phosphorylation of AKT, an upstream kinase of the IRF-3 signaling pathway. IRF-3 phosphorylation is highly induced by wild-type AKT and poorly induced by an AKT mutant, AKT C310A, which is mutated at an inhibitory target site of HQ. We also showed that HQ inhibited IRF-3 phosphorylation by targeting all three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3) in RAW264.7 cells and suppressed IRF-3-mediated luciferase activities induced by AKT in HEK293 cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that HQ inhibits the production of a type I IFN, $IFN-{\beta}$, by targeting AKTs in the IRF-3 signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Objective : Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) may play a key role in inflammatory responses and has the potential to function as a neuroprotective agent for ameliorating brain injury in cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the role of MFG-E8 in brain injury in the subacute phase of cerebral ischemia in a rat model. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the middle cerebral artery with the modified intraluminal filament technique. Twenty-four hours after ischemia induction, rats were randomly assigned to two groups and treated with either recombinant human MFG-E8 or saline. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), and infarct volumes were evaluated using histology. Anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were assessed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Results : Our results showed that intravenous MFG-E8 treatment did not reduce the infarct volume; however, the mNSS test revealed that neurobehavioral deficits were significantly improved in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly lower number of Iba-1-positive cells and higher number of RECA-1 in the periinfarcted brain region, and significantly higher numbers of BrdU- and DCX-positive cells in the subventricular zone in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that MFG-E8 improves neurological function by suppressing inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis and neuronal proliferation in the subacute phase of cerebral infarction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.32-43
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• 2014

This paper presents the intra capacitance modeling according to the winding method, section bobbin and coil structure for hybrid choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of broad bands from lower frequency bands to higher frequency bands and high frequency type common-mode choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of high frequency band used in the EMI Block of LED-TV SMPS. In case of high frequency type CM choke coil, it can be explained the parasitic capacitance of A type and section bobbin type winding methods among them is much smaller than the other. The first resonant frequency of the proposed CM choke coil tends to increase as the parasitic capacitance becomes small and its impedance characteristics also show improved performance as the first resonant frequency increases. In case of hybrid choke coil using rectangular copper wire, it has investigated its parasitic capacitance compared to CM choke coil of conventional toroidal type becomes small. Also it has confirmed through the experiment results that CE margin and RE margin in frequency bands 0.5MHz to 5MHz and 30MHz to 200MHz are respectively 10dB and 15dB greater than that of conventional type in case of one stage EMI filter structure adopting hybrid choke coil compared to two stage EMI Filter structure using two of each CM choke coil used in the lower and higher frequency bands or two of CM choke coil used in only the lower frequency bands. In the future, the hybrid choke coil and CM choke coil of high frequency type show it can be practically used in not only LED/LCD-TV SMPS but also several applications such as LED Lighting, Laptop Adapter, Server Power Supply and so on.