• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.205-221
• /
• 1996

This study is designed to contribute to the intervention of adolescent domestic violence by understanding the experience of the victims, better. The data were collected through a series of interviews with 3 subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from two and a half to 8 hours. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Jitnulim" or "Being suppressed". The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'roughness', 'wildness', 'driving', 'challenging', 'being strapped', 'being pressed', 'erupting', 'being horrified', 'being hardened', 'being connected', 'being seen', 'being helpful', being led', 'sprouting', 'being off', 'being cast out', 'shaking off', 'getting out', 'covering-up', 'waiting', 'ruling', 'common placeness', 'overcoming', 'getting united', 'fa11ing behind', 'falling in', 'being mixed up', 'ruthlessness', 'estrangement', 'difficulty', 'being overwhelmed', 'feeling regreful', 'being pressed', 'hesitating', and 'shying off'. These categories were again grouped into 11 categories including 'threatening', 'straightjacketing', 'alliance', 'phenomenon', 'pattern of support', 'system of support', 'challenging', 'calming-down', 'being relieved', 'being hardened and entangled', 'being entangled'. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of the repetitive relation: 1) If the episodes of violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being stronger the victim's family relations are coherent and the subject's support pattern is highly mature. Concrete the responses to the straighjacketing resulted in a'calming-down' which gradually relieved. 2) If the episodes of violence were frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being strong the victim's family relations and incoherent and the subjects supporter is immature but strong the support type is superficial and the responses to the straightjacketing result in a bouncing-off which gets entangled with the passage of time. 3) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straighljacketing is strong, but the family relations are and the subject's support system is mature and strong the responses to the straightjacketing result in a calming-down which gets partly relieved but partly entangled. 4) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious with the resulting straightiacketing being strong, the victim's family relations are incoherent, the subject's support system is immature, and the support type is immature the responses to the straightjacketing result in a 'bouncing-off' which gets entangled and partly hardened with time.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2010

시스템수준 설계방법론에서 널리 사용하고 있는 설계흐름도는 시스템명세, 시스템수준의 하드웨어/소프트웨어 분할, 하드웨어/소프트웨어 통합설계, 가상 또는 물리적 프로토타입을 이용한 통합검증, 시스템통합으로 구성된다. 시스템의 하드웨어 구성요소를 개발하는 과정에서 이전까지는 디자인단계가 많은 시간 및 노력을 요구하는 단계였지만, 현재에는 설계한 디자인의 기능적 검증단계가 중요 요소로 간주되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시스템수준 설계언어인 SystemC 기반의 테스트벤치 구조를 이용하여 Verilog HDL로 설계된 하드웨어 구성요소의 올바른 동작여부를 판별하는 기능검증시스템을 설계하였다. 설계된 기능검증시스템에서 SystemC 모듈의 멤버 변수와 Verilog 모듈의 와이어 및 레지스터 변수간의 데이터 전달은 본 논문에서 정의되는 SystemC 사용자 정의 통신채널을 통하여 이루어진다. 제안된 기능검증시스템을 UART에 적용하여 올바른 동작여부를 판별하였다. 본 논문의 기능검증시스템 설계에 사용된 SystemC는 C++기반의 하드웨어 모델링용 클래스 라이브러리를 제공하므로 RT 수준보다 높은 추상화수준에서 소프트웨어와 하드웨어 또는 이 둘을 결합한 시스템수준의 모델링을 단일 언어와 환경에서 설계할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 또한 기능검증시스템 설계에 작성된 SystemC 모듈 코드들은 부분적인 코드 수정 후 다른 하드웨어 구성요소의 기능을 검증하는데 재사용할 수 있는 이점이 있다.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2011

최근 우리나라에서 발생한 홍수와 가뭄 등 물 관련 재해가 분명히 과거와는 다른 패턴을 보이는 원인이 인간의 경제활동과정에서 발생하는 엄청난 양의 이산화탄소 때문인지 아니면 태양의 흑점수의 증가 때문인지는 불확실하지만 최근 수자원 관리에 직접적인 영향을 주는 기상이변들의 발생이 증가한 것은 분명한 사실이다. 빈번히 발생하는 기상이변에 의해 각종 재해의 발생빈도가 높아지고 있는 실정이며, 상당한 원인은 기후변화로 보여진다. 이렇듯 기후변화는 반드시 사회적인 비용을 초래하게 된다. 특히 홍수와 가뭄으로 나타나는 수자원분야의 영향이 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 기후변화에 의해 발생하는 수자원분야 경제적 파급효과 분석을 통한 cost damage를 도출하고 이를 바탕으로 적절한 적응사업 추진을 위한 새로운 경제성 분석기법 정립을 위한 기초연구이다. 기 연구에서 사용된 기후변화 피해 및 감축비용 분석을 위한 모형은 PAGE, DICE, AIM, IMAGE, MERGE 등 다양했으며, 본 연구에서는 각 모델들의 개략적 특성에 대해 정리하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 우선 비용적 측면에서 접근이 가능할 수 있도록 기후변화의 물분야에 대한 정의가 이루어졌다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화의 사회경제적 영향평가 연구에서 고려할 수 있는 다양한 평가모델들의 선택에 도움을 줄 것이며 이는 최종적으로 기후변화관련 사업의 시공간적 국가 예산투자 우선순위선정에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1997

In becoming parents, the marital partners enter into a new developmental phase. The conception of the child is an act of mutual creativity during which the boundaries between the self and another were temporarily obliterated more completely than at any time since infancy. The infant is a physical fusion of the parents, and their personalities unite within the child. for many women, creativity as a mother becomes a central matter that provides meaning and balance to their lives. The husband usually has strong desires for an offspring and can be transformed by it. The child can profoundly affect one or both parents, and the influences are reciprocal-a child's needs or specific difficulties uncover a parent's inadequacy. following the child's development, each transition into a new developmental phase requires an adaptation by the parents, and one or another of these required adaptations may disturb a parent's equilibirium. And the personality changes, emotional difficulties, and regressions of a spouse that occur in response to some phase of parenthood can upset the marriage. Not only do children identify with parents, but parents also identify with their children. The parents take pleasure in child's joy and suffer with the child's pain more than in almost any other relationship. certain respects e parents lives again in the child. Through the process of identification the child can also provide one of the two parents with the opportunity to experience intimately the way in which a person of the opposite gender grows up. Parenthood also provides the opportunity to be loved, admired, and needed simply because one is a parent and, as such, a central and necessary object in the young child's life. The many potentialities for emotional satisfactions from parenthood manage to outweigh the tribulations and sacrifices that are required. The child also exerts an indirect effect through changing the parent's position in the society, for new sets of relationships are established as the parents are drawn to other couples with children of the same age, and for a new impetus toward economic and social mobility often possesses the parents. frequently the couple's relatedness to their own parents improves and grows firmer once again. Parenthood, the satisfactions it provides and the demands it makes, varies as life progresses : and changes with the parent's interests, needs, and age as well as with the children's maturation. There are phases in the child's life that the parents are reluctant to have pass, whereas they tolerate others largely through knowing that they will soon be over. The changing lives of the children provide many satisfactions that offset the tribulations, uncertainties, and regrets. The parents change. The young father, who was just starting on his carrier whom the first child was born, settles into a life pattern. He becomes secure with increasing achievement and interacts differently with the youngest child and provides a different model for him than for the oldest. The mother may have less time for a second or third child than for her first, but she may also be more assured in her handling of them. The birth of a baby when the parents art in their late thirties will find them Less capable of physical exertion with the child and less tolerant of annoyances, but they are less apt to be annoyed. Eventually the children min and leave home, but the couple do not cease to be parents.

• 기술혁신학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.755-788
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 조직 구성원의 협업을 위하여 도입되는 GSS(Group Support System)를 대상으로 과업과 기술의 적합도(TTF: Task-Technology Fit)가 GSS의 사용과 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하고자 하였다. 특히 조직구성원들의 상호작용 영향을 고려하기 위해 적응구조화이론(AST: Adaptive Structuration Theory)에서 제시하고 있는 그룹 구성원들 간의 전유방식의 동의정도(COA)와 사용자와 설계자 간의 일치(FOA)의 조절효과를 고려하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 GSS를 도입하여 사용하고 있는 기업을 대상으로 2005년 6월 2일부터 6월 27일까지 약 1달 간 총 303부의 설문지를 회수하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 과업기술적합도는 GSS 사용과 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 전유방식의 동의정도가 강할 경우 GSS사용에 강력한 영향력을 행사하였다. 또한, 전유의 충실도역시 과업기술적합도와 GSS 사용과 성과 간의 관계에 모두 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 위해 개인의 정보시스템 성과에 대한 연구에서 보편적으로 널리 사용되어 온 과업기술적합도 모형과 정보시스템에 구성원들이 적응하는 과정을 설명하는 적응구조화이론 이론을 통합함으로써 GSS 사용에 따른 개인의 성과를 보다 구체적으로 파악할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 생물학적 처리방법으로 염색폐수의 난분해성 유기물질을 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 방안으로 활성슬러지를 Polyethylene glycol(PEG)에 포괄고정화한 담체를 유동상 반응기를 이용하여 난분해성 유기물질의 처리효율을 평가하고 적정 운전인자를 검토하였다. 담체는 내경 4 mm${\times}$높이 4 mm의 원통형으로 미세공극을 가진 PEG재질의 담체를 제조하기 위해 PEG-prepolymer와 미생물을 젤 상태에서 혼합하여 고형화 시켰으며, 이때 담체에 사용된 미생물은 염색폐수에 순응시키지 않은 상태에서 합성되었다. 연속 호기성 유동상 반응기의 유입수는 $SCOD_{Cr}$ 약 330 mg/L, $SBOD_5$ 20 mg/L 이하의 생물학적 처리수를 사용하였고, 체류시간의 변화에 따른 각 반응기의 난분해성 유기물질 제거효율을 비교하였다 생물학적 처리수를 유입수로 하여 동일한 HRT로 운전한 결과 모든 조건에서 45% 이상의 유기물 제거효율을 보였으며, HRT 12 hr이 유기물 제거효율 등을 고려할 때 안정된 효율을 얻을 수 있는 적정 체류시간으로 판단되었다. 특히 기질환경의 변화에 따른 유기물 제거효율의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 생물학적 처리전의 처리장 유입폐수를 처리한 결과 $SCOD_{Cr}$ 70% 이상, $SBOD_5$ 97% 이상의 높은 처리효과를 나타내었다. 포괄고정화 담체를 이용한 염색폐수처리에서 유동상 반응기는 기존 활성슬러지 공정을 대신하거나 혼용하여 적용하는 것이 가능할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 nonconstant modulus 특성을 갖는 16-QAM 신호 전송 시 채널에서 발생되는 찌그러짐에 의한 부호간 간섭을 줄일 수 있는 SE-MMA (Signed Error-Multiple Modulus Algorithm)에 selective updating 개념을 적용한 SU-SE-MMA (Selective Updating-SE-MMA) 알고리즘을 제안한다. SE-MMA는 기존 적응 방식인 MMA에서 연산량의 간소화를 위하여 등장하였으며, 등화 성능에서 수렴 속도는 MMA보다 빨라지만 정상 상태에서 잔여량이 증가되는 문제점이 있다. SU-SE-MMA는 등화 출력이 특정 송신 신호점을 중심으로 특정 한계치보다 큰 경우에만 탭 갱신을 수행하며, 한계치보다 적은 경우에는 탭 갱신을 수행하지 않으므로 연산량을 더욱 줄일 수 있게 된다. SE-MMA에 비교하여 SU-SE-MMA의 개선된 등화기 출력 신호 성상도, 잔류 isi양, MD 및 SER과 같은 적응 등화 성능을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 확인하였다. 시뮬레이션의 결과 출력 신호 성상도, 잔류 isi 및 MD에서는 제안 방식인 SU-SE-MMA가 SE-MMA보다 우월하였지만 잡음에 대한 robustness를 나타내는 SER 성능에서는 동등함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study set out to propose plans for more efficient and effective clinical practice by investigating the current state of clinical practice in the field of dental technology and thus provide basic data to develop pre- and post-education programs for clinical practice. Methods: The subjects include dental technicians at dental technical laboratories that were appointed as the place of clinical practice by the Department of Dental Technology of G University. The survey period spanned from December 22, 2014 to January 20, 2015. Total 250 questionnaires were distributed to them, and 190(76.0%) were returned. After excluding 23 whose answers were uncertain or seemed to lack reliability, total 167(66.8%) were used in final analysis. Results: 1. The most frequent practice the student did during clinical practice was articulator attachment, which was followed by pin operation or model making, one's own task and practice, sand and crow sculpturing, burying, casting, and grinding. 2. In case of going through the entire process, porcelain had the most students at 39(23.4%), being followed by crown & bridge at 28(16.8%), clinical model at 23(13.8%), full denture at 17(10.2%), and partial denture at 17(10.2%) in the order. 3. Of the students, 59.8%(30.5% for reinforced basic practice; 29.3% for intensive practice education) said that intensive practice education should be reinforced in school; and 22.3% said that intensive theory and practice education was needed, which indicates that 82.6% voiced their opinion of reinforcing education around practice. 4. The students felt that they lacked diligence, passion, and theoretical knowledge somewhat and were relatively good at clinical adaptation and operational skills. Conclusion: The findings show that the students felt an absolute lack of practice education as the school education was focused on theory and national exams in the field of dental technology, thus raising a need to reinforce practice education. Of all the respondents, 62.9% said there was a need to improve the current education with a focus on jobs. In future, education of dental technology should work to bring up able dental technicians that can perform in clinical dental technology right after graduation by reinforcing job-based practice education.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.139-152
• /
• 2020

Objectives To explore the traffic injury patients' experience on health care utilization of Korean Medicine (KM) practice and perception of health care system for developing a Korean medicine clinical practice guideline (CPG) of traffic injuries by survey method. Methods Two hundred ten patients in suffering from traffic injuries were surveyed from September 1st, 2019 to January 31th, 2020 at 2 University Hospitals (Pusan National Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong) and 1 Spine Specialty Hospital (Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine). A structured questionnaire of experience on health care utilization of KM practice and perception of health care system of was distributed to responders by visits and all data were statistically analysed. Results Survey results showed high satisfaction of patients with the experience of KM treatments in order of daoyin exercise (7.8±2.3), chuna manual therapy (7.7±4.0), pharmacoacupuncture (7.4±3.0) etc. Safety concerns were reported in 9.1% subjects and 205 (97.6%) patients answered that collaboration with KM and western medicine is necessary for patients with traffic injuries. For the patients' requirement for extending insurance coverage, the most required therapy was chuna manual therapy (57.5%) and pharmacoacupuncture (42.0%). Conclusions This study presented the realistic patient-centered perception of KM practice and health care system in Korea. These results will provide basic data to be reflected in the process of adaptation for the revision of Korean Medicine CPG for traffic injuries.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 1998

This study is to define the caring experience of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children, by finding core category, contextual factors, ntervening factors, and the patterns of caring, and to velop a practice theory on it. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin. Subjects were six mothers. whose children have had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 4 months to 14 years by the interview time. They were selected by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from September, 1995 to January, 1996. Interview were done by long interview technique and observation. Each interview took 50 minutes to 2 hours. Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. Based on the results of previous interview, content of next interview was planned until data reached to the saturation point. Results were as follows : One hundred and forty concepts were found. These concepts were grouped into thirty-three categories, and then to ten categories. Mothers with diabetic child were revealed to face “being overwhelmed by burden”. Overwhelming by burden is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-decrease or in crease process. Mothers showed four patterns of adaptation in caring the diabetic children. 1) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring and unsympathizing but they had sufficient support, no condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was positive, most of them overcome with strong will, but some fell into burnout. 2) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring, unsympathizing, insufficient support. serious condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was negative, they fell into burnout by coping with feeling. 3) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and sympathizing, sufficient support. no serious condition of the child, but their coping was negative, most of them fell into burnout by coping with feeling, but some overcome. 4) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and unsympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, and their coping was positive, they overcome with strong will. On the basis of the above result, in order to help mothers take good care of their children, nursing assesment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. Especially, through understanding mothers' personalities, individual support consistent with each of them should be required. Therefore education. counseling, mutual support and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.