• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1998

The effect of oral treatment with Ficus racemosa leaf extract (400 mg/kg for seven days) were studied on hepatic damage induced by paracetamol (750 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Biochemical parameter like SGOT, SGPT, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were estimated to assess liver function. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The activity of extract was also comparable to Neutrosec a known hepatoprotective formulation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

실험동물에 있어서 $CCl_4$에 의한 급성 간손상시 피부조직의 oxygen free radical 대사효소 활성 변동을 검토하기 위해 흰쥐에 $CCl_4$와 olive oil의 동량 혼합액을 체중 100g당 0.1 ml씩 복강으로 투여하여 처치하였다. $CCl_4$ 투여로 인한 혈청 alanine aminotransferase 및 xanthine oxidase (XO) 활성은 현저히 증가되었으며 체중당 간무게 (%)및 간조직의 malondialdehyde함량 역시 유의하게 증가되었다. 그리고 병리조직 검사에서도 $CCl_4$투여군에서 간조직의 괴사성 병변이 관찰되었다. 따라서 $CCl_4$를 투여한 실험동물이 급성 간손상 모델로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 간손상 실험동물의 피부조직중 oxygen free radical의 생성 효소인 XO 활성은 대조군과 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었으나 oxygen free radical의 scavenging 효소인 superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 및 catalase 활성은 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 세포화학적 검사에서 cerrous perhydroxide과립이 간손상 실험동물의 피부조직에서 많이 나타났다. 이상 실험결과는 $CCl_4$에 의한 급성 간손상 유도 실험동물의 피부조직에 $H_2O$$_2$의 축적이 나타나는 현상을 시사해주고 있다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2009

This study was performed to observe the effect of Keughachukeo-tang(KH) extract on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Experimental groups were divided into four; normal group(Nor), acute liver damage and hepatocellular cancer inducing control group(Con), KH extract 350㎎/㎏/day(KHA), and 700㎎/㎏/day(KHB) administered groups to Con. The results obtained are as follows: The body weight increased in KHA and KHB than Con from 7th week to the 8th week. The activities of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were the most increased in the Con among experimental group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and lactacte dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly decreased(p$<$0.05) in the KHA and KHB compared with Con. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con among experimental groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were the most increased in the Con among experimental groups. The activities of catalase were significantly increased(p$<$0.05) in the KHA and KHB compared with Con. The results of light microscopical observation, a number of hepatocytes were damaged in the Con compared with Nor and KH extract administerd groups. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was reduced in the KH extract administered groups compared with Con. These results suggest that administration of KH extract suppress or retard on the Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by DENA and $CCl_4$ in Rats.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

Objectives : This study investigated whether the water extract of Spatholobi Caulis (SCE) has the ability to protect hepatocyte against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) in vitro and $CCl_4$ in vivo. Methods : In vitro, HepG2 cells pre-treated with Spatholobi Caulis water extract (1, 3, 10, $30{\mu}g$/ml) for 12h and further incubated with tBHP ($100{\mu}M$) for the next 12h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. In vivo, rats were orally administrated with the aqueous extract of Spatholobi Caulis (SCE; 50, 100 mg/kg) for 4 days and then, injected with $CCl_4$ 1 mg/kg body weight to induce acute liver damage. Results : Treatment with SCE inhibited cell death induced by tBHP, as evidenced by alterations in the levels of the proteins associated with apoptosis:SCE prevented a decrease in $Bcl_2$, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and pro-caspase-3. Moreover, SCE inhibited the ability of tBHP to generate $H_2O_2$ production, thereby restoring GSH content. Moreover, SCE treatments in rats effectively decreased liver injuries induced by a single dose of $CCl_4$, as evidenced by decreases in hepatic degeneration and inflammation as well as plasma alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Consistently, treatments of SCE also protected liver in rats stimulated by $CCl_4$, as indicated by restoration GSH and prevention of MDA in the liver. Conclusions : SCE has the ability 1) to protect hepatocyte against oxidative stress induced by tBHP and 2) to prevent $CCl_4$-inducible acute liver toxicity. Present findings may be informative not only in elucidating the pharmacological mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis, but in determining its potential application for oxidative cellular damage in the liver.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) water extract on thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: one normal group (n=8) and four with TAA-induced hepatic injury. These treatment groups were administered distilled water (n=8); silymarin 100 mg/kg (n=8); CF 100 mg/kg (n=8); and CF 200 mg/kg (n=8). In the TAA groups, the acute liver injury was induced via IP injection (200 mg/kg), and the silymarin and CF extract were then orally administered for three days. Subsequently, serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia were confirmed as well as protein expressions using liver tissue. Results: In the liver injury-induced rats, CF administration reduced tissue damage and serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia. In addition, CF increased the anti-oxidant proteins Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and catalase and significantly regulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). Conclusions: In this animal model of liver injury induced by TAA, CF extract is determined to have a hepatoprotective effect by increasing anti-oxidant proteins that relieve damage and by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2000

For the evaluation of protective effect on hepatic damage by Korean red ginseng mixed formula, we used GR(Korean red ginseng), GRF-A(Korean red ginseng-mixed formula) as a materials. The study was performed on protective effect against hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$. In vitro assay with 1.1 mM galactosamine, protection(%) was 44%(GR), 58%(GRF-A) at 50ug/ml, while maxium protection(%) was 5%(GR) and 24% (GRF-A) against acute hepatotoxicity by $CCl_4$. GRF-A significantly protected ethanol induced-liver damage by lowering ALT and ALP and fatty degenertion in liver tissue.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1985

지의류(地衣類)의 수용성 추출물이 간손상에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 지의류 추출물을 투여한 실험군과 물을 준 대조군으로 나누어 사육하면서 흰쥐 체내의 체중 및 각 장기무게, GOT, GPT 및 5'-nucleotidase의 활성을 측정하였다. 실험은 3차에 걸쳐 행하였는데 제1차 실험은 정상 쥐에게 지의류(地衣類)를 투여하였고, 제2차 실험은 지의류(地衣類) 투여에 따라 무처리(無處理), 전처리(前處理), 후처리(後處理)군으로 나눈 후 흰쥐들에게 $CCl_4$를 주사하여 1주일동안 변화를 측정하였으며, 제3차 실험은 $CCl_4$에 의한 급성 및 만성 간손상을 가진 쥐들에게서 지의류(地衣類) 추출물의 효과를 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정상 쥐의 혈청내 GOT 및 GPT 활성은 실험군이 대조군보다 비교적 낮았으며 간손상 유도시 지의류(地衣類) 전처리(前處理)군 및 후처리(後處理)군에서 혈청내 효소활성 상승 억제효과를 볼 수 있었다. 급성 간손상시 실험군의 혈청내 효소활성도가 낮았으나 간장조직내의 GOT 활성은 실험군이 대체로 높았으며 GPT 활성은 두군간에 별 차이가 없었다. 5'-nucleotidase는 GOT와 같은 경향이었다. 혈청내 효소량을 낮게 유지하는데 만성장애시 보다 급성장애시 더 효과적이었으며 간장조직내 효소의 상대적 변화는 혈청에 비해 적었다. 각 장기무게는 정상쥐에서는 특이한 점이 없었으나 $CCl_4$ 주사 후 지의류 추출물을 투여했을 때 대조군에 비해 실험군의 간장무게가 증가하였다. 간장 및 비장의 핵산함량과 적혈구, 백혈구 및 hemoglobin 양도 실험군에서 높았다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Acetaminophen (AP) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. AP-induced hepatotoxicity is a common consequence of AP overdose and may lead to acute liver failure. In this study, we investigated the liver damage in mice using single dose (300 mg/kg) of AP and the possible protective effects of administration (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of Joo-Juk on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were determined in the plasma of mice. The effect of Joo-Juk on lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and some antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase ($\sigma$-ALA-D) activities, and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated in the mouse liver homogenate. AP caused liver damage as evident by statistically significant increased in plasma activities of AST and ALT. There were statistically significant losses in the activities of SOD, catalase, $\sigma$-ALA-D, and GPx and an increase in TBARS in the liver of AP-treated group compared with the control group. However, Joo-Juk was able to counteract these effects. These results suggest that Joo-juk can act as hepato-protectant against AP toxicity and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Objective : Citri Unshius Pericarpium (Citrus unshiu peel) has been used in Korean medicine to treat indigestion, vomiting, coughing and phlegm. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) in cadmium (CdCl2)-treated mouse model. Methods : CEE was dissolved in water and administered orally to mice once a day for 7 consecutive days. The mice were then exposed to a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (4 mg/kg body weight) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue samples were collected, analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathological evaluation. Liver damage was assessed as the percentage of degenerative areas of the hepatic parenchyma, the number of degenerative hepatocytes, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Results : In cadmium-treated rats, pretreatment with CEE significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels associated with liver damage. Histopathologically, CEE prevented degenerative changes on the hepatic tissues including confluent necrosis, congestions and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CEE also reduced the elevation of oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal) and apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) positive cells. PARP protein expression in liver tissue was also restored by CEE. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects against cadmium-induced liver injury. Thus, it can be concluded that CEE can be used to prevent liver damage caused by cadmium.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the extract of Pterocarpus santalinus Linn on acute hepatotoxicity induced in Wistar albino rats by a single dose of Galactosamine (400 mg/kg). Suspensions of methanolic extract of heartwood of P. santalinus (200 and 400 mg/kg) in 0.3% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) were administered p.o. to experimental animals and hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating aspartate amino transferase (ASAT, GOT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), albumin, total protein (TP) levels. The methanolic extract significantly reduced the elevation of serum transaminases and alterations of biochemical parameters induced by hepatotoxin, and alleviated the degree of liver damage. The results were supported by histopathological studies of liver samples showing regeneration of hepatocytes in treated animals. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug was used for comparison. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that P. santalinus exerts hepatoprotective activity and may serve as a useful adjuvant in several clinical conditions associated with liver damage.