• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.898-903
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• 2015

Noroviruses (NoV) are known to cause acute epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Outbreak strains are predominantly genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) in oysters Crassostrea gigas. We investigated the changes in concentration of male specific coliphage (MSC) and NoV under heat treatment of the naturally contaminated oyster, Crassostrea gigas. After heat treatment for 5 min in $85^{\circ}C$, no viable MSC was detected. The concentrations of GI and GII NoV decreased by 1.65 log and 2.25 log, respectively, following heat treatment for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. Moreover, both GI and GII NoV were completely deactivated by heat treatment for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of norovirus infection from contaminated oysters, immersion in boiling water for at least 10 min is recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.796-799
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• 2006

편측성 다낭성 신 이형성증과 폐의 선천성 낭성 선종양 기형은 각각 독립된 질환으로 배아 시기에 발생 과정의 문제로 생긴다고 알려져 있다. 폐의 선천성 낭성 선종양 기형에서 폐 외의 기형으로 신장 기형이 동반될 수 있으나 생존 가능성이 적어 사산아로 출생되는 경우가 많다. 저자들은 위장관염으로 입원한 21개월 남아에서 우연히 편측성 다낭성 신 이형성증을 발견했고, 이 과정에서 폐의 선천성 낭성 선종양 기형도 발견하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

Salmonella species are the most important etiologic agents of food-borne acute gastroenteritis. The most common serotypes isolated from humans are Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and S. Enteritidis. Traditional detection methods for Salmonella are based on cultures using selective media and characterization of suspicious colonies by biochemical and serological tests. These methods are generally time-consuming and not so highly sensitive. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used as a highly sensitive, specific, and rapid test for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) was used to detect S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We selected m-PCR target genes, which were the spv (virulence plasmid specific for S. Enteritidis) and sefA (S. Enteritidis fimbrial antigen) genes, fliC (H1-i antigen specific for S. Typhimurium) and a randomly cloned sequence specific for the genus Salmonella. With m-PCR, random sequence was detected from all strains of Salmonella spp, spv and sefA were detected from all strains of S. Enteritidis (100%), and fliC was detected from all strains of S. Typhimurium (100%). This assay indicate that the specificity of the m-PCR make them potentially valuable tools for detection of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2013

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in uncooked seafood causes acute gastroenteritis. The microorganism has two sets of type III secretion systems and two hemolysins. When it injects its effector proteins into a host cell via type III secretion system 1, one of the type III secretion systems induces secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, through the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Although probiotics have beneficial effects on hosts and can help control some infectious diseases, there is little research on the efficacy of probiotics in V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here we pretreated V. parahaemolyticus-infected human intestinal epithelial cells with heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KB290, a probiotic isolated from fermented vegetables (traditional Japanese pickles) and utilized as an ingredient of beverages and supplementary foods, and demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing IL-8 secretion from V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. Among the three heat-killed lactic acid bacterial strains we tested, L. brevis KB290 induced the highest level of IL-8 secretions in the infected cells. Relative to control cells (Caco-2 cells pretreated with PBS), V. parahaemolyticus-infected Caco-2 cells pretreated with heat-killed L. brevis KB290 secreted IL-8 earlier, although concentrations were similar 450min after infection. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 pretreatment also induced earlier ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, greater p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 accelerated IL-8 secretion, a host cell immune response, in V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. We consider this to be beneficial because IL-8 plays an important defensive role against infection, and would contribute to the repair of injured epithelial cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.531-536
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• 1995

Salmonella species are the most prevalent etiologic agents of food-borne acute gastroenteritis. Direct isolation of bacteria from the contaminated food, stool and animal tissues has been used for the diagnosis of salmonellosis routinely. However, isolation of bacteria is time consuming work and not so highly sensitive. In recent years, improved methods of polymerization chain reaction(PCR) and probe hybridization technique have led to the developement of diagnostic assays which employ to detect various human and animal pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we have performed the polymerization chain reaction to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples of chickens with two specific primers, ST5 and ST8C. The target DNA fragment of PhoE gene was successfully amplified from liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lung, ovary, oviduct and feces samples. The amplified DNA fragments were hybridized with Salmonella typhymurium TA3000 PhoE probe by Southern hybridization. The PCR to amplify the PhoE gene was highly rapid and sensitive method to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the association between urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and leukocyte differential count in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in children undergoing uNGAL measurements between June 2018 and September 2019. Patients with suspected or diagnosed UTIs were included. The relationship between uNGAL and blood leukocyte differential count was investigated in children. Results: A total of 197 children were included in this study, 119 of whom (60%) had UTIs. The non-UTI patients (n=78) were diagnosed with pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, viral upper respiratory infection, and others. After adjusting for age, gender, and fever duration, the leukocyte count, monocyte count, and uNGAL levels were higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group (P<0.05). uNGAL showed positive correlations with neutrophil counts, monocyte counts, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in the UTI group (P<0.05). uNGAL levels were only associated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the non-UTI group (P<0.05). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, only uNGAL was associated with the presence of UTI (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for uNGAL and monocyte counts to identify UTI were 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.824-0.939; P=0.025) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.627-0.774; P=0.038), respectively. Conclusions: In children with UTIs, uNGAL levels may be associated with blood leukocyte differential counts. uNGAL measurements and monocyte counts can be helpful in children with suspected UTIs.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2021

Many people reported suspected food poisoning after consuming food at the same snack bar on June 18, 2020. Thus, an in-depth epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the infectious agent and establish additional food poisoning prevention measures. The study included people who reported to the local public health center after June 18 with acute gastroenteritis symptoms within 4 days of consuming food from the snack bar. The onset of symptoms and food items consumed by individuals were then investigated via phone calls and on-site visits. Afterward, the infectious agent was identified from human samples (stool or rectal swab) of four restaurant employees and 89 people and from environmental samples (materials, cooking utensils, and water). The analysis revealed that the incubation period ranged from 2 hours to 92 hours, with a median and mode of 16 hours and 12 hours, respectively. Moreover, the epidemic curve had a unimodal shape because of common exposure, which reached its peak on June 18. After monitoring for 8 days, which is more than twice the maximum incubation period of 92 hours, the end of the epidemic was declared on June 28 as no additional cases were reported. Analysis of human and environmental samples revealed Salmonella bareilly of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotype SAPX01.017 as the causative agent. Therefore, it was concluded that the food poisoning outbreak was caused by S. bareilly.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Human Sapovirus (HuSaV) is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and it is used as a molecular diagnostic technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from humans, food, shellfish, and aquatic environments. In this study, the HuSaV diagnosis technique was used in an aquatic environment where a number of PCR inhibitors are included and pathogens, such as viruses, are estimated to exist at low concentration levels. HuSaV-specific primers are improved to detect 38 strains registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The established optimal condition and the composition, including the RT-nested PCR primers and SL® Non-specific reaction inhibitor, were found to have 100 times higher sensitivity based on HuSaV plasmid than the previously reported methods (100 ag based on HuSaV plasmid 1 ng/μL). Through an artificial infection test, the developed method was able to detect at least 1 fg/μL of HuSaV plasmid contaminated with total nucleic acid extracted from groundwater. In addition, RT-nested PCR primer sets for HuSaV detection can react, and a positive control is developed to verify false positives. This study is expected to be used as a HuSaV monitoring method in the future and applied to the safety response to HuSaV from water environments.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2022

Background: The risk of imported infectious diseases has been increasing with the annual rise in the number of international travelers. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the distribution and characteristics of intestinal bacteria isolated in 2019 from residents of Chungcheongnam-do Province with experience of travelling overseas. Methods: Twenty-three former overseas travelers with diarrhea were analyzed to detect viruses and bacteria according to the Manual for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens at Outbreaks. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility tests and 16s rRNA sequencing were performed. Results: Twenty-five strains of ten pathogens were isolated from 18 samples. Pathogenic E. coli was the most common at 57.7%, followed by Clostridium perfringens (15.4%), Campylobacter spp. (7.7%), and Salmonella spp. (7.7%). The serotype of Salmonella was confirmed as Salmonella Braenderup, II 9,46:g,[m],[s],t:[e,n,x]. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the major enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from overseas travelers in Chungcheongnam-do Province were pathogenic E. coli, as found in other studies. The study on Plesiomonas shigelloides is meaningful in that it is reported as a rare case of infection in Korea. Antibiotic resistance and 16s rRNA analysis were performed, which is expected to provide important basic data for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2003

출생 이후 머리둘레가 커지는 1개월 남아에게서 뇌초음파 검사상 지주막하 공간이 확장되어 있고 백질의 음영이 증가 되어 있었고 뇌 MRI 소견은 실비우스열의 확장과 양측 대뇌, 소뇌 피질과 백질이 T1 강조 영상에서 저신호 강도와 T2 강조영상에서 고신호 강도를 보였으며 경피생검으로 얻은 섬유아세포 배양에서 glutaryl-CoA 탈수소효소의 활성도가 전혀 없어 GA1을 확진하게 되었다. 대두증이 있는 신생아나 영아에서 전측두엽 위축의 신경방사선학적 징후가 있으면 우선적으로 GA1을 의심해 보아야 한다. 이후 특수분유인 Glutatex 분유의 수유와 카르니틴, 리보플라빈 보충요법을 시행하여 대사성 위기나 급성 뇌증의 위기 없이 양호한 발달을 하고 있는 환아를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.