• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2018

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) occurs in the presence of a chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, and often results from exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in ACLF patients with underlying CHB remains unclear. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman who experienced ACLF due to CHB exacerbation and was treated with a combination of corticosteroids and nucleot(s)ide analogue (NUC). The patient showed rapid decompensation due to CHB exacerbation. Three months of antiviral therapy produced no improvement in liver function. Combination therapy with corticosteroids and NUC was started, which did result in improvement of liver function. This case shows that the combined therapy of corticosteroids and NUC can be effective in treating ACLF due to CHB exacerbation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2016

Pulmonary strongyloidiasis is an uncommon presentation of Strongyloides infection, usually seen in immunocompromised hosts. The manifestations are similar to that of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the diagnosis of pulmonary strongyloidiasis could be challenging in a COPD patient, unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. Here, we present a case of Strongyloides hyperinfection in a COPD patient mimicking acute exacerbation, who was on chronic steroid therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2012

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now regarded as a heterogenous disease, with variable phenotypes. Acute exacerbation of COPD is a major event that alters the natural course of disease. The frequency of COPD exacerbation is variable among patients. We analyzed clinical features, according to the frequency of acute exacerbation in COPD. Methods: Sixty patients, who visited Gyeongsang National University Hospital from March 2010 to October 2010, were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their frequency of acute exacerbation. Frequent exacerbator is defined as the patient who has two or more exacerbation per one year. We reviewed patients' medical records and investigated modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, smoking history and frequency of acute exacerbation. We also conducted pulmonary function test and 6-minute walking test, calculated body mass index, degree of airway obstruction and dyspnea and exercise capacity (BODE) index and measured CD146 cells in the peripheral blood. Results: The number of frequent exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators was 20 and 40, respectively. The frequent exacerbator group had more severe airway obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second [$FEV_1$], 45% vs. 65.3%, p=0.001; $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity, 44.3% vs. 50.5%, p=0.046). MMRC dyspnea scale and BODE index were significantly higher in the frequent exacerbator group (1.8 vs. 1.1, p=0.016; 3.9 vs. 2.1, p=0.014, respectively). The fraction of CD146 cells significantly increased in the frequent exacerbator group (2.0 vs. 1.0, p<0.001). Conclusion: Frequent exacerbator had more severe airway obstruction and higher symptom score and BODE index. However, circulating endothelial cells measured by CD146 needed to be confirmed in the future.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with abnormal inflammatory response and airflow limitation. Acute exacerbation involves increased inflammatory burden leading to worsening respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea and sputum production. Some COPD patients have frequent exacerbations (two or more exacerbations per year). A substantial proportion of COPD patients may remain stable without exacerbation. Bacterial and viral infections are the most common causative factors that breach airway stability and lead to exacerbation. The increasing prevalence of exacerbation is associated with deteriorating lung function, hospitalization, and risk of death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of airway inflammation in COPD and discuss how bacterial or viral infection, temperature, air pollution, eosinophilic inflammation, and concomitant chronic diseases increase airway inflammation and the risk of exacerbation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1997

1996년 9월부터 1996년 11월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과에 입원한 급성 호흡기 감염으로 증상이 악화된 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자 30명을 대상으로 clarithromycin 500mg을 하루 2회씩 증상이 호전될 때까지 경구로 10일동안 투여하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 30례 중 28례(93.4%)에서 완치 효과를 얻었고 2례에서는 증상의 호전이 있었으며 치료를 실패한 례는 없었다. 2) 임상적으로 3례(10%)에서 3일이내에 호전되었으며, 5일에서 12일사이에 대부분인 24례(80%)에서 호전되었으며 13일이후 호전된 경우는 3례(10%)였다. 3) 항생제를 투여한 기간은 4일이내가 1례였고, 5에서 12일사이가 5례, 13일 이상 투여하였던 경우가 24례였다. 4) 부작용으로는 1례(3.3%)에서 간기능 검사상 transaminase치의 경미한 상승이 발견되었으나 곧 회복되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 clarithromycin은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자의 급성 호흡기 감염의 치료로 효과적이고 안전하게 사용될 수 있는 항생제로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2005

연구배경 : ICS/LABA는 천식에서 효과가 입증되었으나 COPD에서는 덜 알려져 있다. 최근 COPD 환자에서 고용량의 ICS/LABA의 사용시 급성악화를 줄인다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 중등도와 고용량의 ICS/LABA사용시 용량에 차이에 따른 COPD의 급성악화를 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2004년 8월 31일 사이에 고대안암병원에 내원하여 진단된 46명의 중등증 이상의 COPD 환자를 대상으로 하였다. flu/sal $250{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ 하루 2번 사용한 군(A군)과 flu/sal $500{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ 하루 2번 사용한 군(B군)으로 나누어 1년 기간 동안 급성악화의 횟수 및 입원 횟수, 처음악화까지 걸린 기간을 분석하였다. 결 과 : A 군 26명중 11명에서 급성악화를 경험하였고, 평균 악화 횟수는 0.96회, 입원횟수는 0.15 회였다. B군 20명중 11명에서 급성 악화를 경험하였고 평균 악화 횟수는 1.05회, 입원횟수는 0.30 회였다. 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고 처음악화까지 걸린 시간도 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 중등증 이상의 COPD 환자에서 ICS 와 LABA 복합제제를 사용 할 때 고농도와 중등도 용량에서 급성 악화에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 향후 COPD 에서 ICS/LABA 사용시 효과적인 용량에 대한 연구가 좀 더 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한신경과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.325-328
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• 2018

Neovascular glaucoma is a subtype of secondary glaucoma that is characterized by proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the anterior chamber angle. This condition may be acutely aggravated by carotid revascularization therapies. There have been few previous reports of acute aggravation of neovascular glaucoma following carotid artery stenting. We report the case history of a patient who had acute exacerbation of neovascular glaucoma following carotid artery stenting and required surgical management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권4호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2012

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a histological change in lung tissue, and is generally caused by an acute lung injury, which is characterized by bilateral and widespread damages. Localized DAD occurs very rarely. The causes for DAD are numerous, but the chief cause is acute interstitial pneumonia or acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, in cases of idiopathic manifestation. The 82-year-old patient, in this case study, showed a DAD lesion in only 1 lobe. The patient was otherwise healthy, with no previous symptoms of DAD. He was admitted to our medical center owing to localized infiltration, observed on his chest radiograph. Laboratory studies showed no signs of infections. DAD was confirmed by a surgical lung biopsy. The patient received corticosteroid treatment and had gradually improved. We report the case of a patient with localized, idiopathic DAD that cannot be classified as acute interstitial pneumonia or acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.844-852
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• 1997

연구배경 : 최근의 기관지천식 병인과 관련한 여러 연구에서 천식 발작중에 폐장에서 과도하게 유리된 endothelin(ET)이 기관지 수축을 유발시키는 주요한 펩티드임이 확인되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 급성발작의 경과에 따른 혈장 몇 요중치의 변동 및 상호 연관성을 관찰함에 있다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 16명의 급성 천식악화로 입원한 환자에서 내원당일과 치료 2주후의 2회의 혈장 및 24시간 요를 채취하였다. 정상대조군은 신체건강한 성인 10명으로 정하였다. 모든 천식환자는 입원당시 부신피질호르몬제, 베타-2 교감신경작동제, 아미노필린 제제를 투약받았다. ET은 방사면역측정법에 외해 측정되었으며 교차반응성에 있어 ET-1과는 100%, ET-2와 67%, ET-3와 84%, Big-ET과 8% 이었다. 결 과 : 혈장 ET은 천식환자의 및대조군의 수치와 비교하여 천식악화시 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 요중 ET은 천식악화시 및 치료후에 유의한 감소가 관찰되지 않았으나 정상대조군에 비해서는 둘다 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 혈중 및 요중 ET치는 폐기능 및 저산소혈증 등과 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 결 론 : 천식의 급성악화시에 증가한 혈장의 ET은 폐장에서의 ET 유리의 증가에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 천식발작 환자는 정상인에 비해 요중 ET의 배설이 증가하여 있었으나 치료 2주후까지는 유의한 감소가 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 천식발작시의 요중 ET의 변동을 관찰하기 위해서는 좀더 긴 관찰기간 및 많은 환자를 대상으로 포괄적인 연구가 되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2014

Difficulty in breathing can be very disconcerting to a patient who is conscious yet unable to breath normally. The common causes of acute respiratory distress include hyperventilation, vasodepressor syncope, asthma, heart failure, and hypoglycemia. In most of these situations, the patient does not exhibit respiratory distress unless an underlying medical disorder becomes acutely exacerbated. Examples of this include acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, cerebrovascular accident, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. A major factor that leads to the exacerbation of respiratory disorders is undue stress, either physiologic or psychologic. Psychologic stress in dentistry is the primary factor in the exacerbation of preexisting medical problems. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. This is a case report of acute respiratory distress with vasodepressor syncope during alginate impression taking of mandibular teeth in a long-standing temporomandibular joint dislocated 93-years-old pneumonic patient.