• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2014

Purpose: During hospitalization, confusion occurs in 15~20% of older adults and persists in 5~10% of them. This study was designed to investigate effects of a five-day nursing intervention program designed to reduce confusion in hospitalized older adults. Subjects were inpatients over the age of 60 years old and were admitted in a surgical care unit. Methods: Data were collected from 111 patients. Subjects divided into one of two groups, 58 patients of the control group which received the usual nursing care; and 53 patients of the intervention group which received the usual nursing care plus nursing intervention program for reducing acute confusion. The Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS) and the Korean Mini-Mental Screening Examination (MMSE-K) were utilized. Results: 1) Acute delirium was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group ($x^2$=4.22, p=.034) as well as the duration of the delirious state was significantly shortened (F=56.62, p<.001). Cognitive function of the intervention group was improved (F=21.14, p<.001). Conclusion: The nursing intervention program reduced the incidence and duration of acute delirium of the elderly inpatients, as well as it helps them keep better cognitive function than the control group.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2021

The two-dimensional confusion matrix used in credit assessment, biostatistics, and many other fields consists of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative. Their rates, such as the true positive rate (TPR), true negative rate (TNR), false positive rate, and false negative rate, can be applied to measure its accuracy. In this study, we propose the TPR-TNR plot, a graphical method that can geometrically describe and explain these rates based on the confusion matrix. The proposed TPR-TNR plot consists of two right-angled triangles. We obtain that the TPR and TNR describe the acute angles of right-angled triangles in the plot. These acute angles can be used to determine optimal thresholds corresponding to lots of accuracy measures.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2014

Thiamine deficiency can cause peripheral polyneuropathy and Wernicke's encephalopathy. Wernicke's encephalopathy is characterized by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and confusion, and typically presents acute and rapidly progressive course, whereas peripheral neuropathy associated with thiamine deficiency manifests chronic and slowly progressive one. However, acute and rapidly progressive axonal polyneuropathy combined with Wernicke's encephalopathy is quite rare and unusual. Here, we describe a patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy who presented with acute bilateral axonal neuropathy.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

This study is clinical report for a acute stroke patient who was improved by treatment of a herbal medication. Stroke patients often shows spirit disorder in early stage. However, the cases which applied Onbyung theory are rare. This paper aims to show that Onbyung theory can be effective to acute stroke. We diagnosed the patient as invasion of the yong system by heat(熱入營分), which showed confusion, insomnia, delirium, anxiety, reddened tongue and dry mouth with cracked lip. After administration of Chungyung-tang(淸營湯) in Wen bing Tiao (溫病條辨), the patient showed those symptoms were highly improved. Thus, we concluded that Onbyung Theory can the patient be adapted to improve the symptom of acute stroke.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.404-406
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• 2012

The occurrence of symptomatic pituitary hemorrhage into a Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is extremely rare. The author reports an interesting case of intra- and suprasellar RCC presented with features of pituitary apoplexy. This 62-year-old woman suffered acute headache, mental confusion, and partial hypopituitarism. The characteristics of the magnetic resonance imaging seemed most compatible with a hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma. Transsphenoidal drainage of the cyst contents confirmed the diagnosis of hemorrhagic RCC and resolved the symptoms. All published data on this rare clinical entity are extracted and reviewed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.515-519
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• 2000

Developing of antibiotic, bacterial meningitis is one of the disease of high mortality. Especially in case of gram negative, pneumococal meningitis, they have high mortality and neurological disorders after treatment. Main symptoms of bacterial meningitis are fever, headache, vomit, neck stiffness and coma etc. In oriental medicine, acute feverish infectious diseases have been treated as wenbing(溫病). We can divide wenbing into 8 kinds. Bacterial meningitis is included as Chunwen(春溫), fengwen(風溫) in the sight of similarity on the symptoms and falling ill. Comparing with CVA, we have too rare cases of treating bacterial meningitis with oriental medicine. A case of sequelae of bacterial meningitis patient diagnosed as Chunon, pungon showed prominent improvement by herb med and acupuncture treatment etc.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-160
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• 2004

Objective: There were few reports on the treatment of Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. We treated a hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic patient after accident with Oriental medical approach, and get a significant result. this treatment shows the possibility of healing Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, So we are reporting that case. Method : The acupuncture, herb medication. rehabilitation therapy was applied for treting patient's chife symptom(involuntary movement, dystonia, aphasia, dysuria, constipation) Results : 1. Generally patients with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy show language impairment and cognition disorder for several weeks to months. After coma stage, first they recover consciousness but have various degree of confusional mentality, visual agnosia, extrapyramidal stiffness and motor disturbance. 2. Consciousness loss in acute stage of Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy can be considered as Mental Confusion due to Phlegm(Dammisimgyu) in veiw point of Oriental medicine. 3. After oriental medical treatment, patient's chief symptoms were improved. Conclusion: We treated a hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic patient with Oriental medical approach and patient's chief symptoms were improved. this treatment shows the possibility of healing Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2006

Objectives : To examine the effects of the collaborative Oriental and Western medicine, we treated a gouty arthritis patient with acute inflammation and liver injury with a combination of Oriental and Western treatments. Methods : Acupuncture, Bangphungtongsung-San(Fangfengtongsheng-san)', 'Kangwhaljetong-Um(Qianghuochutong-yin)', and 'Sosiho-Tang(Xiaochaihu-tang) were offered to an acute gouty arthritis patient with NSAIDs, Corticosteroids and allopurinol. Laboratory data were observed for the duration of hospital days. Results : In spite of Oriental treatments, NSAIDs administration caused liver injury, but continuous Oriental treatments with small amount of Corticosteroids and allopurinol brought recovery of liver function and gouty arthritis. Confusion : Collaborative treatments of Oriental and Western medicine are better than independent Western treatment for gouty arthritis with acute inflammation and liver injury. Further studies will be required to ascertain the collaborative treatment with Oriental and Western medicine for gouty arthritis and other diseases.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.296-310
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the importance and performance of nursing interventions linked to five nursing diagnoses in CVA patients. Methods: First, total 37 nursing diagnoses were identified from the analysis of 78 nursing records of CVA patients, and then top 5 diagnoses were mapped with nursing interventions. Second, each intervention was compared in terms of importance and performance by 80 nurses working at neurosurgical units from 5 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test using the SPSS program. Results: Selected the top five nursing diagnoses were Acute Pain, Risk for Disuse Syndrome, Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity, Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion and Acute Confusion. In general, most of the interventions were scored higher in importance than performance and most of independent interventions were not performed as frequently as it perceived in importance. The interventions which scored high in performance were the interventions ordered by physician or interventions related to medication behavior. Conclusion: We identified which nursing interventions should be performed more frequently and more critically important to nursing diagnoses. We recommend further research that enhances the performance of nursing interventions to provide better quality of nursing services to the patients in practice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.250-252
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• 1999

A 77-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with acute appendicitis and underwent emergency appendectomy under inhalation anesthesia without any complications. After the operation, the patient was placed on epidural analgesia with the mixture of fentanyl-bupivacaine and scopolamine patch for nausea and vomiting. The patient experienced central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) with hallucination, confusion, somnolence, dysarthria and delirium at 20 hours after patch placement and recovered from all symptoms of CAS in 24 hours after the removal of the patch. The CAS occurs when central cholinergic sites are occupied by specific drugs and also as a result of an insufficient release of acetylcholine. The diagnosis of CAS is often determined by a process of exclusion and not actually made until a positive therapeutic response to physostigmine, a centrally active anticholiesterase agent, has taken place. Treatment of CAS includes prompt removal of the patch, cleansing of the area, and physostigmine administration. The scopolamine patch should be used with extreme caution in elderly patient.