• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study is an investigation of the progression and prognosis of acute intrinsic renal failure in neonates and children with a diagnosis of acute renal failure or other diseases on admission. Methods: This research is based on a retrospective analysis conducted on 59 patients(male: female=2.2:1) diagnosed with acute intrinsic renal failure between January 2000 and June 2006 at Busan Paik Hospital. The clinical diagnostic criteria of acute renal failure used was serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dL, oliguria with urine output$\leq$0.5 mL/kg/hr and anuria with urine output <50 mL per day. Results: Among those placed under investigation, 7 patients were neonates, 10 patients were 2 months-2 years old, 12 patients were 3-6 years old, 21 patients were 7-12 years old and 9 patients were 13-16 years old. It took 3.1${\pm}$2.8 days on average until the diagnosis was made. The urine output distribution was 21 persons for the oliguria group, and 36 persons for the non-oliguria group, and 2 persons for the anuria group. For the underlying causes, 30 persons were classified in the primary renal disease group, 14 persons in the infection group, 9 persons in the malignancy group, and 6 persons were categorized in another group. As for age distribution, the infected group was predominantly neonates, whereas the dominant age ranges for the primary renal disease and infection categories were 2 months to 2 years old. Also, the primary renal disease was dominant among older children, aged 3 and up. No difference was detected according to seasonal prevalence. However, there was a high morbidity rate among hemolytic uremic syndrome diagnosed in the summer. Peritoneal dialysis was used to treat 4 patients. It took 10.0${\pm}$6.7 days until the patients improved. 18 patients died. The non-oliguria group's mortality rate was lower than other groups. There was a high mortality rate in the neonates and malignancy group. Conclusion: Acute renal failure in childhood seems to take a better clinical course than in adulthood when there is an early diagnosis and proper treatment of underlying diseases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.150-152
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• 2012

Acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patch renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) is a rare cause of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Some ALPE patients also have renal hypouricemia. Mutations in the SCL22A12 gene are among the major factors of hypouricemia. Education for the prevention of relapse and genetic counseling should be recommended to ALPE patients with renal hypouricemia. This paper reports a 25-year-old man who showed recurrent exercise-induced ARF and renal hypouricemia with R90H mutation in his SCL22A12 gene.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2010

Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide which contains 66% nitrogen by mass, but it was sometimes illegally added to food products in order to enhance the apparent protein content for the bigger profit. Many Chinese infants and pet animals fed melamine-containing formulas suffered acute kidney failure with renal crystal formation. Fish feeds were also recently found to be contaminated with melamine. This experiment has been designed to determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) fed melamine and cyanuric acid (each at 400 mg/kg/day for 3 days) in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from pet animals with triazine related renal failure. The results showed that all fish developed gold brown renal crystals arranged in radial spherulites in the renal tubules, similar to those detected in the pet animals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.340-345
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of application of pediatric hemodialysis system to dogs weighing less than 6 kg. Six healthy dogs (B .W, 3-6 kg) were used_ Experimental end-stage renal failure was induced by bilateral nephrectomy or bilateral ligation of ure-ters. Hemodialysis was performed when blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value increased over 90 mg/dl and every other day thereafter. Daily investigated parameters included clinical clinical signs such as vomiting, fecal appearance and activity and laboratory data such as PCV, WBC, RBC, BUN, creatinine, Ca, P, $Na^+ Cl^-and K^+$During hemodialysis treatment, BUN and creatinine values were measured hourly. Severe vomiting and inappetence were shown 2 days after infliction of kidney disorder and melena and mucous faces were observed 3 days. The signs were not corrected by hemodialysis treatment. Avel- age hemodialysis treatment time was $5.5 {\times} 0.7$,/TEX> hours until BUN value decreased to normal range. Abnor- mal hematological and electrolytes values were reduced within normal levels after hemodialysis treatments. The complications oft hemodialysis included vomiting, nausea, obstruction of intravascular catheter, tremor, seizure, temporary visual loss and continued decrease in PCV It is suggested that pediatric hemedialysis system can be applied to acute renal failure and acute toxicity. Further works on improvements in maintaining patency of catheter and in managing the complications of hemo- dialysis should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-117
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• 2005

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture(Ja) has a protective effect against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods : Rats were dehydrated for 24hr and then injected with 5 ml/kg of 50 % glycerol, one-half of dose in each hindlimb muscle. In experiments for Ja effect, rats received 0.1 ml of Ja extraction in both sides of corresponding $Sh\grave{e}nsh\bar{u}(BL_{23})$ of human body and non-acupuncture points(the root of tail) for 3 days after injection of glycerol. The experimental group were divided into the Normal group, the Control group, the Ja to $Sh\grave{e}nsh\bar{u}(BL_{23})$ group(Ja-AS), the Ja to non-acupuncture points group(Ja-AN). Results : There were significant decrease of urine volume, BUN, fractional glucose excretion, fractional phosphate excretion, total protein level in Ja-AS as compared with the control group. Conclusion : This suggests that Ja-AS could be used in prevention and treatment of acute renal failure. However, the precise mechanisms of Ja protection remain to be determined.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2010

"Stacker 3" is one of the most popular caffeine-containing weight-reduction supplements and it has ephedra-free properties as "Stacker 2 Ephedra-Free" in many countries, including Korea. We describe here a 26-year-old woman who took an acute intentional overdose of "Stacker 3"(approximately 50 capsules, total amount: 25 grams, as caffeine 250 mg/kg) and who had delirium, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. She had to be treated by forced diuresis and urine alkalinization, and she subsequently recovered. This is the first such case report in the medical literature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

Formic acid or formate is a common industrial compound used in the production of ensilage, disinfectants, decalcifying agents and mainly as a precursor in industrial chemical synthesis. It is also a well-known toxic metabolite produced in methanol poisoning. Thus, formate is a potential source of both accidental and deliberate poisoning. Very few reports have been published thus far, on the toxicology of direct formic acid poisoning. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old man without a history of depression, who ingested about 30 gm of formic acid. The patient presented with profound high anion gap metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure and esophageal stricture. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis and supportive measures. But permanent esophageal stricture was complicated by formic acid burns in the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of this case.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 2007

Background : Acute renal failure is one of the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that are associated with acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods : Five hundred seventy patients who operated colorectal surgery at the Yeungnam University Medical Center over three years from 2004 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The effects of gender, age, ASA classification, concomitant disease, surgery type and duration, reoperation, urogenital manipulation, medication, hypotension, hypovolemia, transfusion, and postoperative ventilatory care on the occurrence of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were studied. Results : The major risk factors of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were age of patients (P=0.003), ASA classification (P<0.001), concomitant disease (P<0.001), duration of the time surgery (P=0.034), reoperation (P=0.001), use of intraoperative diuretics (P=0.005), use of postoperative diuretics (P<0.001), intraoperative hypotension (P=0.018), intraoperative transfusion (P<0.001), postoperative transfusion (P<0.001), and postoperative ventilatory care (P=0.001). Conclusion : Multiple factors cause synergistic effects on the development of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Therefore, efforts to reduce the risk factors associated with acute renal failure are needed. In addition, intensive postoperative care should be provided to all patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine if Salviae Radix extract (SRE) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function in rabbits with rhabdomyo lysis-induced acute renal failure. Acute renal failure was induced by intramuscular administration of glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg). GFR in the glycerol-injected animals was reduced to 11% of the basal value and the fractional $Na^{+}$ excretion was increased to 7.8-fold, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When animals received SRE pretreatment for 7 days prior to glycerol injection, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased more than 43-fold and 27-fold, respectively, in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. However, they were increased to 17-and 4.3-fold, respectively, in SRE-pretreated rabbits, and these values were significantly lower than those in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane, the $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$ activity in microsomal fraction, and cellular ATP levels all were reduced in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. Such changes were prevented by SRE pretreatment. Uptakes of organic ions, PAH and TEA, in renal cortical slices were inhibited by the administration of glycerol, which was prevented by SRE pretreatment. Pretreatment of an antioxidant DPPD significantly attenuated the increase in the fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate induced by rhabdomyolysis. These results indicate that rhabdomyolysis causesimpairment inreabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species, and SRE pretreatment may provide the protection against the rhabdomyolysis-induced impairment by its antioxidant action.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

Pulse Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation was performed to investigate the resistive index (RI) of the Interlobar renal artery in 17 dogs (32 kidneys) which were diagnosed with an acute renal failure caused by ochratoxin-A and citrinin contaminated commercial diet. RI was investigated in 7 normal beagle dogs and recovered patients. The mean of RI was resulted as $0.69{\pm}0.04$ in normal dog, however, significantly (p<0.001) increased as $0.76{\pm}0.05$ in renal failure dog. But RI had no relationship with the results of blood chemistry, urine analysis, and excretory urographic image quality. From these results, even though the results of the renal function test were within a normal reference range, it was considered that RI index is more reliable to represent a damaged renal parenchyma, and may have the potential to be a useful clinical tool in monitoring of the renal function.