• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

Purpose: The aims of this study was to compare and evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prognosis for infants under age 1 year with CMV hepatitis and those with viral hepatitis of unknown etiology. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of infants under age 1 year who were admitted with acute hepatitis. The exclusion criteria consisted of: autoimmune, genetic, metabolic, toxic, HAV, HBV, HCV, toxoplasma, rubella, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr virus. The 30 patients included were divided into two groups based on markers for CMV (IgM anti-CMV, CMV PCR in urine, CMV culture in urine). Results: The median age of patients (n=15) was 2.8 months. No other organ involvement was detected in any patient. Peak serum total bilirubin levels (n=4) ranged from 2.6 to 6.7 mg/dL. Peak serum ALT levels ranged from 51 to 1,581 IU/L. The duration of ALT elevation ranged from 1.5 weeks to 26 weeks (median 9 weeks). All had recovered in full without ganciclovir; there were no cases of hearing loss. The median age of controls (n=15) was 2.5 months. Peak serum total bilirubin levels (n=4) ranged from 1.6 to 9.1 mg/dL. Peak serum ALT levels ranged from 26 to 1,794 IU/L. No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding the peak serum ALT levels, peak serum total bilirubin levels, duration of hyperbilirubinemia and ALT elevation. Conclusion: Although it was not possible to differentiate congenital infection with perinatal infection in this study, the prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis without other organ involvement was good without ganciclovir treatment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1993

Biphenyl Dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) has been regarded as a safe, effective drug for decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from elevated serum aminotransferase levels, which cause acute or chronic hepatitis and chronic liver diseases. This study was designed to low dose(22.5mg/day) & short-term therapy effectiveness for 4 weeks of DDB in 30 chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferases. The following results were observed. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels significantly decresed from 173. $97\pm130.62(U/L)$ of pretreatment level to $32.23\pm19.22(U/L)$ after treatment for 4 weeks(p<0.00l) and normalized patients by $73\%$ 2. Serum aspartate (AST) aminotransferase levels significantly decreased from $94.90\pm49.17(U/L)$ of pretreatment level to $45.30\pm23.25(U/L)4 after treatment(p0<0.01). 3. However, no significant effects in the serum AST & ALT changes by which cause hepatitis and hepatitis duration (p>0.05). 4. No significant adverse effects were observed except for mild epigastric discomfort in one patient during DDB treatment It is suggested that DDB small dosage administration can result effectively decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferase levels.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.501-510
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• 2020

Purpose: To develop a probability-based differential diagnosis for pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) based on age and socioeconomic status of the country of origin. Methods: Comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases was performed. Children 0-22 years of age who met PALF registry criteria were included. Articles included >10 children, and could not be a case report, review article, or editorial. No language filter was utilized, but an English abstract was required. Etiology of PALF, age of child, and country of origin was extracted from included articles. Results: 32 full text articles were reviewed in detail; 2,982 children were included. The top diagnosis of PALF in developed countries was acetaminophen toxicity (9.24%; 95% CredI 7.99-10.6), whereas in developing countries it was Hepatitis A (28.9%; 95% CredI 26.3-31.7). In developed countries, the leading diagnosis of PALF in children aged <1 year was metabolic disorder (17.2%; 95% CredI 10.3-25.5), whereas in developing countries it was unspecified infection (39.3%; CredI 27.6-51.8). In developed countries, the leading diagnosis in children aged >1 year was Non-A-B-C Hepatitis (8.18%; CredI 5.28-11.7), whereas in developing countries it was Hepatitis A (32.4%; CredI 28.6-36.3). Conclusion: The leading causes of PALF in children aged 0-22 years differ depending on the age and developmental status of their country of origin, suggesting that these factors must be considered in the evaluation of children with PALF.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

Hepatitis A (HA) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). In acute HA, the presence of anti-HAV IgM is detectable and about 3 weeks after exposure, its titre increases over 4 to 6 weeks. Anti-HAV IgG is detectable within a few days of the onset of symptoms. IgG antibodies continue to last for years after infection and provide lifelong immunity to the host. This study was performed to investigate the current seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in Jeonbuk province, South Korea. A total of 591 (male 322, female 269) serum samples were collected in July 2011 to June 2012. We tested the antibodies of anti-HAV IgG and IgM using a Modular E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), and analysed the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by HITACH 7600-100 (HITACH, Japan). The overall seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 84.6% (500/591), and the rate of females (85.9%) was higher than males (83.5%). According to the decade of age, seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG were as follows; 68.8% (11/16) in the under 10 years old category, 100% (19/19) in the 10~19 category, 96% (48/50) in the 20~29 category, 83.6% (56/67) in the 30~39 category, 84.3% (123/146) in the 40~49 category, 83.3% (135/162) in the 50~59 category, 83.1% (54/65) in the 60~69 category, 78.1% (32/41) in the 70~79 category, and 88% (22/25) in the over 80 category. Total seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgM was 3.4% (20/591), and according to gender, the seroprevalence of male (3.1%) was very similar to that of female (3.7%). Through this study, we know that the seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibody in north-west Jeonbuk province, South Korea, was high. Only children under the age of 10 remain susceptible to HAV infection. Vaccination against HAV is not needed at the present time for the people of Jeonbuk province, South Korea, but a vaccination should be recommended and the improvement in sanitary conditions and personal hygiene should be highlighted.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2015

Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura can result from exposure to an antigen after infection with several types of organisms. However, Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura caused by a primary Epstein-Barr virus infection has been rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 32-month-old female patient who presented with Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura. Based on abnormal liver function test results and positive results for Epstein-Barr virus infection markers, a diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis manifesting as Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura was made. Treatment with methyl-prednisolone and hydration improved the symptoms, and a switch to oral steroids was effective in completely alleviating the purpura. No recurrence was noted and no liver function abnormalities were detected during the follow up period.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

The prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, has been increasing in Korea. And the side effects of 2nd line anti-tuberculosis medications, including drug-induced hepatitis, are well known. Although prothionamide (PTH) is one of the most useful anti-TB medications and although TB medication-induced acute hepatitis is a severe complication, there are only a few published case reports about prothionamide induced hepatitis. In this case report, a 22 year old male was diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB and was administered 2nd line anti-TB mediations, including PTH. Afterwards, he had a spiking fever and his liver enzymes were more than 5 times greater than the upper limit of the normal range. He was then diagnosed with drug-induced hepatitis by liver biopsy. His symptoms and liver enzyme elevation were improved after stopping PTH. Accordingly, we report this case of an association between PTH and acute hepatitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2019

Imatinib mesylate is currently used as the first-line treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with GIST is very rare. Its features vary from subclinical elevation of serum aminotransferase to clinically apparent acute hepatitis, which is associated with immunologic reactions. Imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity with autoimmune-like features can be treated by the discontinuation of imatinib mesylate and the administration of oral steroids. Here, we report a case of late-onset imatinib-induced hepatitis with autoimmune-like features in a patient with metastatic GIST, which was improved by oral corticosteroids.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.244-247
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• 1996

A 67 year old male with postherpetic neuralgia complained of right anterior chest throbbing pain and also allodynia. We performed thoracic epidural block with 0.25% bupivacaine and 1% lidocaine. Oral carbamazepine and imipramine were also administred concomitantly. One month later, patient complained of fatigue, anorexia, pruritis, jaundice, and dark urine. Liver function test values were significantly elevated then. Therefore we removed the epidural catheter and ceased all medication. Liver function test values decreased rapidly after discontinuation of medication. Hepatitis might have developed as result of drugs administered and could have been prevented if the patient had been monitored with regular clinical laboratory follow up. The purpose of this case report is emphasize the importance of early regular laboratory test to detect any possible side effect that may occur by administration of drugs during treatment of chronic pain.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2010

The studies of M. Colombo (1989) and W. Lange (1992) showed that 30~40% of people became chronic after suffering from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infection, and about 50% of the chronic cases transformed into primary liver cancer. There have been few studies done in Mongolia on hepatitis infection among health professionals, particularly in nurses. In a study done by Chimedsuren (8), the study showed that 19.4% of people with identified surface hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus and 8% of people with the identified nucleotide of RNA for the hepatitis C virus (polymerase chain reaction) had an acute form of hepatitis C. Studies on the hepatitis virus genome damaging effect on liver cells showed that genotype 8 (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, TTV) had the most damaging effect on liver cells (Hahn and Faeka, 2007). Several studies have shown a relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and a lack of compliance regarding safety regulations and rules by medical personnel. Results of a study from the Maternal and Child Health Research Center showed that tests done to detect hepatitis B virus antigen and antibodies to C virus did not reveal anything. Both antigen and antibodies in 69% cases did not show, and separately, B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 13% and 9%, respectively. Results of the tests taken from health personnel in Shastin Central Hospital showed that in 76% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies was not identified. In 8% of the cases, the B virus antigen was present on its own. The combination of B the virus antigen and C virus antibodies were present in 8% of nurses and doctors, respectively. 82% of the cases had negative results for the detection of a combination of B virus antigen and C virus antibodies taken from health personnel from the State Central Clinical Hospital whereas the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies by themselves were present in 7% and 14% of the cases, respectively. Combined cases of the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies were identified in 4% of the personnel. Results of the tests taken from the health personnel in the Hospital of the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs showed that in 79% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies were not identified. Separately, the B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 8% and 13% of the cases, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.145-149
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• 2011

Serum hepatitis is still recognized as a major public health problem in many countries. The most common etiologies are acute viral hepatitis A and B, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) was known as the pathogen of serum hepatitis. since the HBV causes chronic hepatitis. HBV infection is hyperendemic in Korea. It is known that 8% and 1% of the Korean population is chronic carriers of HBV. The total number of 487 serum specimen (old people's home 190, causal ward-Daegu hope village 297) were collected at the laboratory of Department of Clinical Pathology of Daegu medical center. The laboratory tested the specimen to detect for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs using reverse passive hemag-glutination (RPHA) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) method between April, 2011 and June, 2011. In one-step test, HBsAg and anti-HBs of Humasis were used. The positive rate for HBsAg was 6.80% (33/487), and the rate in male was 6.93% (19/274) higher than that of female 6.57% (14/213). In the positive rate of HBsAg by age group, the highest positive rate group was in the group of 40-49 years in male (12.0%), and 50-59 years in female (17.65 %). The overall positive rate for anti-HBs was 42.70% (208/487), showing the higher positive rate of 43.80% in male (120/274) than that of 41.30% (88/213) in female. The highest positive rate of anti-HBs in age group was the 40-49 years group in male (52.00%) and the group of under 29 in female (66.67%).