• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2000

목적: 뇌졸중 등을 포함한 신경질환에 여러 경혈이 사용되고 있는데 이에 대한 작용기전은 아직 불분명하며, 경혈과 뇌혈류의 변화, 그리고 뇌영역 간의 차이에 관한 연구는 없다. 본 연구는 뇌졸중에 사용되는 경혈인 백회, 인중, 합곡, 족삼리과 삼음교에서 체침 자극시 뇌혈류의 변화 여부와 이에 따른 뇌영역의 차이을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 건강한 정상 성인 54명(남:여=34:20, 연령분포 $18{\sim}62$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 경혈에 따라 백회 6명, 인중 5명, 합곡 15명, 족삼리 16명, 그리고 삼음교는 6명에서 시행하였고, 대조군으로 이 중 6명에서 비경혈 부위를 자극하였다. Tc-99m ECD 925 MBq를 수사하고 5분 째 기저영상 촬영을 시작하였으며, 촬영시작 8분 째 각 경혈에 체침을 놓은 상태로 검사 끝까지 43분간 유지시켰다. 첫 촬영이 끝난 직후 동일양의 Tc-99m ECD를 주사하고 5분후 동일한 방법으로 두 번째 촬영을 하였다. IBM 컴퓨터에서 PC용 MATLAB과 윈도우용 SPM'97 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 백회의 경우 양측 전두엽 앞쪽, 우측 측열구(sylvian fissure) 주위의 전두엽과 측두엽, 좌측 측두엽 앞쪽과 소뇌반구 일부에서 의의있는 뇌혈류 증가가 관찰되었다. 인중의 경우 좌측 전전두엽에서 뇌혈류가 의의있게 증가하였고, 이에 인접한 우측 전두엽 일부에서 뇌혈류의 증가가 관찰되었다. 우측 합곡에서는 좌측 대뇌반구, 즉 좌측 전두엽 대부분, 측두엽 앞쪽 일부와 좌측 소뇌, 그리고 우측 전두엽 하방에서 의의있게 뇌혈류가 증가하였다. 우측 족삼리의 경우 좌측 측두엽, 우측 전두엽 하방과 측두엽 일부, 좌측 소뇌에서 뇌혈류가 증가되었다. 우측 삼음교에서는 좌측 전두엽 하방과 측두엽 전면부, 그리고 촤측 소뇌 일부에서 의의있게 뇌혈류가 증가되었다. 비경혈부위에서는 의의있는 뇌혈류 증가는 없었다. 결론: 체침은 뇌혈류를 증가시키고, 각 경혈은 특정한 뇌영역과 관련이 있음을 알았다. 따라서 체침은 뇌졸중에 효과가 있음을 암시하고, 효과적인 경혈을 선택하는데 기초가 될 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.645-653
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 국소적 부위에 균일한 자극이 가능한 Pulsed Magnetic Fields(PMFs) 시스템을 개발하였으며, 지연성 근육통증에 대한 본 시스템의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 지연성 근육통을 유발시키기 위해 비주동팔에서 무게 5Kg의 아령으로 80회의 등장성운동을 실시하였다. 피험자를 세 군(PMFs군, TEAS군, 무자극군)으로 분류한 뒤 상완 이두박근에 위치한 청영혈(HT2)에 자극하였다. 지연성 근육통의 회복여부를 판별하기 위하여, 상완이두박근에서의 ${\mid}$좌/우 온도차${\mid}$를 DITI를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 운동 후의 ${\mid}$좌/우 온도차${\mid}$는 무자극군=$2.00{\pm}1.16^{\circ}C$, TEAS군=$1.73{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C$, PMFs군=$1.48{\pm}0.51^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, 첫 번째 자극 후에는 무자극군=$1.37{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$, TEAS군=$1.08{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$, PMFs군=$1.23{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 24시간이 지난 후에 자기장 군이 가장 먼저 $0.05{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$의 좌/우 온도차이로 정상 체열 분포를 회복했으며, TEAS군은 48시간이 지난 후에 $0.1{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$로 정상 체열 분포를 회복하였다. 무자극 군은 48시간이 지난 후까지 $0.37{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$의 ${\mid}$좌/우 비대칭적 온도차${\mid}$를 유지하였다. 결론적으로, 각 자극원에 따른 체열변화를 비교 분석한 결과, PMFs가 지연성 근육통에 대하여 가장 유의한 치료효과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

Vestibular compensation is a recovery process from vestibular symptoms over time after unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular end organs. The aim of the present study was to observe time-dependent changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during vestibular compensation. The input-output (I/O) relationships of fEPSP amplitudes and LTP induced by theta burst stimulation to Schaffer's collateral commissural fibers were evaluated from the CA1 area of hippocampal slices at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). The I/O relationships of fEPSPs in the CA1 area was significantly reduced within 1 week post-op and then showed a non-significant reduction at 1 month after UL. Compared with sham-operated animals, there was a significant reduction of LTP induction in the hippocampus at 1 day and 1 week after UL. However, LTP induction levels in the CA1 area of the hippocampus also returned to those of sham-operated animals 1 month following UL. These data suggest that unilateral injury of the peripheral vestibular end organs results in a transient deficit in synaptic plasticity in the CA1 hippocampal area at acute stages of vestibular compensation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to overview the therapeutic mechanism of back-shu points in terms of sympathetic visceral motor nervous system. Methods : Studies about autonomic nervous system, and studies and ancient texts about back-shu points were reviewed. We interpreted possible mechanism of back-shu points considering similarities of anatomical and physiological characteristics of back-shu points and visceral motor nervous system. Results : Afferent signals for organ lesions that can develop the symptoms of autonomic neurological symptoms, pain, hyperalgesia through the skin segment. Through a physical examination of the myotome and dermatome, it is possible to diagnose segmental disorders. Treatment stimulation of the thick fibers of the disorder segment skin can reduce abnormal autonomic influence over the sympathetic reflex mechanism. In addition, if spinal muscles are relaxed, the pressure on the nerve roots could be reduced and consequently the hyperactivity of the sympathetic visceral motor signal would be suppressed. Conclusions : The back-shu points treatments work through the mechanism of the sympathetic nervous reflex. Moreover, segmental acupuncture can reduce tension of the spinal muscles, thereby improving pathological conditions of the sympathetic nervous system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect auricular acupuncture for acute mental stress using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 10 healthy volunteers participated in this study. After 5 minute rest, the first mental stress was provided for 5 minute. And then subjects rested for 15 minute. The second mental stress was provided for 5 minute. The acupoint, Shin-Mun point of the ear was stimulated for 15 minute. HRV was recorded before and after the first and second mental stress, and after auricular acupuncture stimulation. Results : After mental stress, normalized LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly increased. Before and after simple rest, normalized LF and normalized HF is significantly changed, but LF and LF/HF ratio is not significantly changed. On the other hand, before and after auricular acupuncture treatment, normalized LF, normalized HF is significantly changed, and also LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly decreased. Conclusion : The result suggest that auricular acupuncture can decrease more significantly in cardiac sympathetic activity due to mental stress than simple rest.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2005년도 제30회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The effects of acupuncture are complex and how it works is not entirely clear. Research suggests that the needling process, and other modalities used in acupuncture, may produce their complex effects on a wide variety of ways in the brain and the body. For example, it is theorized that stimulated nerve fibers transmit signals to the spinal cord and brain, thus activating parts of what is called the central nervous system. The spinal cord and brain then release certain hormones responsible for making us feel better overall and, more specifically, feel less pain. In fact, a study using images of the brain confirmed that acupuncture increases our pain threshold, which may explain its ability to produce long-term pain relief. Also, acupuncture may increase blood circulation and body temperature. It may also affect white blood cell activity (responsible for our immune function).

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on effect of acupuncture for strabismus in Korea and other countries. We have analyzed 10 years (from 2006 to 2015) of case studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) on effect of acupuncture for strabismus. Methods The search database includes Oasis, KTKP (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: 'strabismus, acupuncture'. The search was limited to the publication date from 2006 to 2015. 7 case studies and 5 control studies were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions 1. The acupuncture treatment is effective for paralytic strabismus 2. The studies used BL1, GB1, ST2, TE23, GB15, EX-HN5, ST1, and LI4 acupoints and also an electroacupuncture treatment, which is 15 minutes of extraocular muscle stimulation, was used. 3. Degree of strasbismus was tested by Ocular motor range test, Corneal light reflex test, Ocular abducent scale test (Scott and Kraft, Diploptic range test).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.311-314
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• 2001

To elucidate the effect of dorsal acupoints for canine electroacupuncture anesthesia, mongrel dogs(6 heads: 2.6-10.5kg, 3 males and 3 females) were used. After needling perpendicularly to Tian-Ping(GV-5) and Bai-Hui(GV-20), the electrodes were connected with positive to Tian-Ping and negative to Bi-hui, respectively using with veterinary electroacupuncture apparatus(TEC AM-3000). The electric conditions were 2-4V and 30 Hz. The pain of body surface was checked by hemostatic forceps. The effect of electroacupuncture andesthesia was appreciated by application of laparotomy(2 heads), ear trimming and tail amputation(1 head), castration(2 heads) and enterotomy(1 head), respectively. Induction time, clinical findings and operation findings were investigated under the electroacupuncture anesthesia. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid, approximately 1 minute and the pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected. As for clinical findings during electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was evident, pupil reflex was weak and blepharoreaction was existed. As for operation findings, pain was not detected during incision and suture, and bleeding was relatively small volume. The grade of electroacupuncture anesthesia was excellent in all cases applied with ear trimming and tail amputation, laparatomy, castration and enterotomy. Considering above all findings, it was thought that electroacupuncture stimulation at Tian-Ping and Bai-hui examined in the present study induced excellent electroacupuncture anesthesia for dogs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SSP(silver-spike point) therapy, applied to acupuncture points, on the middle cerebral arteries blood flows of sample group(tention-type headache patients, n=12) and control group(non tension-type headache patients, n=12), and on the reduction of their headaches, when applied to acupuncture points. Methods : We stimulated 6 acupuncture points for headache with the SSP(three times a week for three weeks), and measured VAS(visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries with TCD(transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results : The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery and VAS of the sample group and the control group were compared four times(initial, 1weeks, 2weeks, 3weeks) and significant differences in the measurements were found at 3 weeks(p<.05). The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery of the sample group was significantly increased, and VAS was significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions : The silver-spike-point low-frequency electrical-stimulation treatment, applied to acupuncture points, can significantly increase the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries in headache patients and can thus alleviate their headaches.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to determine the changes between pre, during, intermed, post of each two groups of 16 persons and to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) at shenmen of auricular point on experimental pressure pain and tactile threshold measured at both ulnar styloid process and medial malleoli. Sixteen healthy adult men and women, aged 20 to 28 years, were assigned randomly to eight of one groups. Control group received TENS to exception of auricular point. Experimental group received TENS to shenmen of auricular point. Experimental pressure pain and tactile pain threshold at the both ulnar styloid process and medial malleoli was determined with algometer and von frey filament before 10 minute, during 10 minute, intermediate and post 30 min of treatment. In pressure pain and tactile threshold showed a statistically significant increase(p<0.05) ipsilateral and contralateral of treatment group. These results suggest that TENS at shenmen of auricular point has the capability to higher pressure pain and tactile threshold in whole body.