• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of $50{\mu}l$ of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried to identify the component of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in human. Methods : The regional muscle group was divided into outer, middle, and inner layer. The inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and to expose the inner structure of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in the order of layers. Results We obtained the results as follows; He Perfcardium Meridian Muscle composed of the muscles, nerves and blood vessels. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between terms (that is, nerves or blood vessels which control the muscle of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by the Pericardium Meridian Muscle). The inner composition of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in human is as follows ; 1) Muscle P-1 : pectoralis major and minor muscles, intercostalis muscle(m.) P-2 : space between biceps brachialis m. heads. P-3 : tendon of biceps brachialis and brachialis m. P-4 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. and palmaris longus m. tendon(tend.), flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. P-5 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. tend. and palmaris longus m. tend., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. tend. P-6 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. tend. and palmaris longus m. tend., flexor digitorum profundus m. tend., pronator quadratus m. H-7 : palmar carpal ligament, flexor retinaculum, radiad of flexor digitorum superficialis m. tend., ulnad of flexor pollicis longus tend. radiad of flexor digitorum profundus m. tend. H-8 : palmar carpal ligament, space between flexor digitorum superficialis m. tends., adductor follicis n., palmar interosseous m. H-9 : radiad of extensor tend. insertion. 2) Blood vessel P-1 : lateral cutaneous branch of 4th. intercostal artery, pectoral br. of Ihoracoacrornial art., 4th. intercostal artery(art) P-3 : intermediate basilic vein(v.), brachial art. P4 : intermediate antebrachial v., anterior interosseous art. P-5 : intermediate antebrarhial v., anterior interosseous art. P-6 : intermediate antebrachial v., anterior interosseous art. P-7 : intermediate antebrachial v., palmar carpal br. of radial art., anterior interosseous art. P-8 : superficial palmar arterial arch, palmar metacarpal art. P-9 : dorsal br. of palmar digital art. 3) Nerve P-1 : lateral cutaneous branch of 4th. intercostal nerve, medial pectoral nerve, 4th. intercostal nerve(n.) P-2 : lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. P-3 : medial antebrachial cutaneous n., median n. musrulocutaneous n. P-4 : medial antebrachial cutaneous n., anterior interosseous n. median n. P-5 : median n., anterior interosseous n. P-6 : median n., anterior interosseous n. P-7 : palmar br. of median n., median n., anterior interosseous n. P-8 : palmar br. of median n., palmar digital br. of median n., br. of median n., deep br. of ulnar n. P-9 : dorsal br. of palmar digital branch of median n. Conclusions : This study shows some differences from already established study on meridian Muscle.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2010

Objectives : In the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery pulse diagnosis, we need to establish fundaments of contemporary pulse diagnosis research, and to find the change of pulse waveform parameter with applied variation pf pressure. Methods : As we will to do experimental research on the difference of pulse waveform on the radial artery with applied variations of pressure(5 stage-pressure) and measuring position(left KWAN). In this research, we analyzed the change of the waveform according to five stage pressure. Results : The results were as follows; When we analyzed the change of the waveform according to pressure in the left KWAN, E, hl, h2 and A were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And t2, t4 were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. W was the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And h2/h1 was the difference between 6ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. There is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade & between 2nd and 5th grade in the case of t4/t2 in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of W/A in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of A/E in 95% trust section. Conclusions : We found the statistically resonable differences between each pulse depending on the applied pressure. And Analysing the radial pulse(left KWAN) at 5 applied pressure levels may be useful to study on the pulse waveform diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to show the effectiveness of traditional korean medical treatment with Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture. Methods : Twenty five patients were treated by korean medical treatment including Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture. We measured valuation standards such as House-Brackmann Grade(H-B Grade) and Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) to assess the effectiveness of treatments. These valuation standards were measured at admisson and discharge. Results : The results were obtained as below. 1. In House-Brackmann Grade, 60.0% of patients were improved and 36.0% were maintained at the same level. 4.0% of patients were worsen. 2. Average of Numeric Rating Scale was changed from 8.5 to 3.0 after whole treatment. Conclusions : Korean medical treatments including Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopunture can be effective for improving symptoms of facial paralysis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2011

본 연구는 왕쥐똥나무잎(Ligustrum ovalifolium H.) 추출물의 항산화 활성을 탐색하고자 물과 에탄올로 각각 추출하였다. 왕쥐똥나무잎에 포함된 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 물 추출물($105.5{\pm}1.31$ mg GAE/g extract)과 에탄올 추출물($102.1{\pm}1.82$ mg GAE/g extract)은 비슷한 총 폴리페놀 함량을 함유하고 있었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 물 추출물($84{\pm}1.72$ mg CE/g extract)과 에탄올 추출물($82.8{\pm}1.65$ mg CE/g extract)이 비슷한 양을 함유하고 있었다. ESR을 이용한 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과, hydroxyl 라디칼을 제외한 DPPH, alkyl 라디칼 소거능은 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 alkyl 라디칼 소거능은 비타민 C와 같은 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS를 이용한 라디칼 소거활성, FRAP을 이용한 총항산화능 측정 및 환원력을 통한 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과에서도 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 뛰어난 항산화효과를 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 특히, FTC 및 TBA법을 이용한 지질과산화 억제 효능을 살펴본 결과, 왕쥐똥나무잎 물추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두 지질과산화 억제효과가 높았으며 ${\alpha}$-토코페롤보다 활성이 훨씬 우수하였다. 한편, 세포독성을 살펴보기 위하여 정상 간세포(human liver, Chang cells)를 이용하여 MTT assay를 통한 세포의 생존율을 살펴본 결과 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 0.5 mg/mL의 농도까지 전혀 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구를 바탕으로 앞으로 왕쥐똥나무잎을 이용한 천연 항산화제로서의 가능성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2022

Objectives : Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (PLP) have been reported to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic. However, it is not yet known whether PLP extract has anti-inflammatory effect on HaCaT cells, human keratinocyte. Methods : To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of PLP on keratinocyte, TNF-𝛼/IFN-𝛾-stimulated HaCaT cells were used. HaCaT cells were pre-treated with PLP for 1h before stimulation with TNF-𝛼/IFN-𝛾. Then HaCaT cells were stimulated with TNF-𝛼/IFN-𝛾 for 24 h, the cells and media were harvested to measure the inflammatory cytokines levels. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1𝛽), and TNF-𝛼 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokines (TARC), IL-6, and IL-8 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also investigated the inhibitory mechanism of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) including ERK, JNK, and p38 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-𝜅B) by PLP using western blot. Results : PLP did not show cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. In TNF-𝛼/IFN-𝛾-stimulated HaCaT cells, PLP significantly inhibited the expression of GM-CSF, MCP-1 IL-1𝛽, TNF-𝛼, TARC and IL-6. PLP inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and translocation of NF-𝜅B into the nucleus. Conclusions : These results indicate that PLP could ameliorate the TNF-𝛼/IFN-𝛾-stimulated inflammatory response through inhibition of MAPK and NF-kB signal pathway. This suggests that PLP could be used beneficial agent to improve skin inflammation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2012

왕쥐똥나무잎(Ligustrum ovalifolium H.) 추출물의 세포독성을 살펴보기 위하여 RAW264.7 대식세포를 이용하여 세포의 생존율을 살펴본 결과 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 0.2 mg/mL의 농도까지 전혀 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물의 항염증 효과를 LPS에 의해 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서의 NO 생성억제 및 ROS 소거능과 염증관련 단백질 발현의 변화를 통하여 확인하였다. RAW264.7 대식세포에 LPS를 처리한 결과 NO의 함량이 11 ${\mu}M$ 수준으로 증가하였으나, 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물(0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL)을 처리하였을 때 NO의 함량이 7.03, 6.74, 6.64 ${\mu}M$로 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 왕쥐똥 나무잎 추출물이 LPS를 처리하여 생성되는 활성산소종에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, LPS를 처리한 대조군은 ROS가 36.55%로 증가하였으나, 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물(0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL)을 처리한 군은 세포내 활성산소종을 농도 의존적(23.86, 8.55, 5.48%)으로 감소시켰다. 또한 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물은 NO 생성과 연관 있는 iNOS 단백질의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였으며 이는 NO 생성 억제가 iNOS의 발현저해를 경유한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 다수의 항염증 약물들의 작용기전이 되는 COX-2의 생성억제를 살펴본 결과 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물은 LPS에 의해 발현되는 COX-2 단백질의 발현을 유의성 있게 억제하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 대식세포내 활성산소종(ROS)과 산화질소 라디칼(NO)을 억제함으로써 염증을 억제하는 것으로 보이며, 이는 선행연구에서 나타난 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물의 높은 라디칼 소거능 및 항산화능과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 염증과 관련된 iNOS, COX-2 발현을 저해함으로써 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 염증억제 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구는 항염증 물질의 연구에 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 염증과 관련된 cytokine 및 단백질 발현 메커니즘에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.