• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 2015

In this study, the actual energy consumption of the secondary side District Heating System (DHS) with different hot water supply temperature control methods is compared. The two methods are Outdoor Temperature Reset Control and Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control. While Outdoor Temperature Reset Control has been widely used for energy savings of the secondary side system, the results show that the Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control method saves more energy. In general, the Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control method lowers the supply temperature of hot water, and it reduces standby losses and increases the overall heat transfer value of heated spaces due to more flow into the space. During actual energy consumption monitoring, the Outdoor Temperature predictive Control method saves about 6.6% of energy when compared to the Outdoor Temperature Reset Control method. Also, it is found that at partial load condition, such as during daytime, the fluctuation of hot water supply temperature with Outdoor Temperature Reset Control is more severe than that with Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control. Thus, it proves that Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control is more stable even at partial load conditions.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 2016

Supply Capability of the generator, if the maximum demand occurs, refers to the maximum power that can be stably supplied and it is possible to maintain stable power supply to be greater than actual load. However, unexpected power demand and reduction in supply Capability due to stop of unexpected generator in operation can temporarily make a big chaos in power system. In fact, due to a lack of power supply Capability in the country, enforced emergency load adjustment to the September 15, 2011, the circulation power outage has occurred in several cities. As the result, interrupted operation of the elevator and stopped hospital medical equipment led to a great deal of trouble to people's lives, causing a social problem. At that time, it was found that a failed frequency control because of smaller actual supply Capability than that of predicted. The difference was about 1,170 MW with Gas turbine power plant. By accurately calculating the generator supply capability, we can not only grasp the power reserve rate, but also correspond to the time of power supply instability.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2002

The purposes of this study actually measure to the dimension and the quality of material play equipment's examine whether they meet safety standards or not, and intend to offer basic data to present proper safety standards concerning the dimension of play equipment in the end. The subjects for this study were 59 outdoor playgrounds, 30 among them located in apartment sites and the remainder did in residential districts. The time of actual measurement was in June 1999, and June 2000. Data were analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation by using SPSSWIN program. The main results were as follows.: First, more than half of playgrounds were assessed for being traffic hazards due to the adjacent streets. And they were hardly equipped with the toilet and drinking water facilities, but were almost equipped with the shade of a tree and benches. Second, it was caused in inconvenience of children's use and difficulty of play equipments'management, since the quality of play equipments materials was consisted of wood or metal. Third, the standards for swing and slide were established in detail and actual measurement's results were suitable to standards'value as well, whereas the standards for seesaw and climber were not in detail and they did not design or install suitably.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.135-143
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• 2000

The vision system is easy to use the exclusive use as a independent computer system but it is not much popularization by reason of expensive and difficult to adapt to the various fields, because it is easy to the existed computer system, the price is cheap and also it can use to the various measurement purpose which user wanted and programed. The measurement method of the vehicle axle casing nut welding part is that measure the value of the welding part to adapt the actual operation program from using the ratio between the actual length of the standard specimen and the length of image, to measure the ratio between the actual product and the camera image. A defect is found by the assembled visual inspection system. The inspection algorithm which estimates the quality of welded product is developed and also, the software program which processes the automatic test function of the inspection system. We make the foundation of the inspection automatic system and we will help to apply other welding machine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 1998

In order to evaluate and improve the performance of local exhaust ventilation systems for two TCE degreasing (A, B) and two electroplating (C, E) and one acid dipping & plating (D) operations located in Kimhae, the performance test was conducted with trace gases and a thermal anemometer (Kanomax 24-6111, Japan). For the inadequately designed systems, the improvement and redesigns in compliance with recommendation by ACGIH was suggested. The results of performance test for each system are as follows; 1. System of Workplace A was generally well-designed. Actual exhaust air flow rate was in excess of 68% above the recommended standard exhaust air flow rate. 2. System of Workplace B was very well-designed and completely enclosed. 3. All systems of Workplace C including hoods were poorly-designed and actual exhaust air flow rates were insufficient for open tanks. All systems should be upgraded according to ACGIH recommendations. 4. Supply and exhaust air flow rate of push-pull exhaust systems in Workplace D should be greatly increased. The width of flange of dipping tank hood should be increased with the value suggested. 5. System of Workplace E was well-designed. Actual exhaust air flow rate was in excess of 54% above the required.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

In Current Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (Fifth Revised Edition), standard composition values of food used regularly in Japan are shown by values per 100g of their edible portion, with one value of standard composition per one foodstuff as a rule. In the Explanation (Chapter 1) and Reference Data (Chapter 4) of the original table, the most important matters are mentioned, including the table of the weight change rate by cooking, the table of the outline of the cookery, and the formula of the actual amount of intake nutrition. These are helpful for an understanding of the actual amount of intake nutrition. The formula for the amount of purchase in consideration of the amount of refuse is also shown. Information concerning foodstuffs and composition items in the table as well as important points in the reference column are concurrently written in English. As related studies, the composition tables by values per 100m1 or considered loss, the table or the formula for estimation of the amount of sucrose, and the list of the composition extant rate after cooking, among others, are also provided. Users should understand the original composition table, and then suggest how to utilize it. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 65∼71, 2003)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.10-16
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• 2000

A new algorithm for estimating bladder volume for portable bladder volume measurement system is proposed. Given the actual image of a bladder, edges between bladder wall and urine are extracted first. Axes are calculated from these data and actual cross section shape is obtained by filtering. Since ordinary shape of a bladder is irregular, two cross-sections(transverse and longitudinal) are considered. With the area of a longitudinal cross-section projected along the axes of transverse cross-section, or vice versa, two estimated volume are obtained. Averaging these two value yields the volume of the bladder. Applied to actual experiments, the proposed algorithm showed explicitly good results in comparison with the conventional techniques.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.90-100
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• 2020

Our overall society circulates in line with the economical situations characterized by production and consumption and companies play the role of providing products and services, thus taking very significant responsibilities for the socioeconomical and cultural aspects in society. Therefore, when designers attempt to think of a way to enable companies and society to share their values and propose specific concepts and visualize outcomes, it is very critical to be able to understand economical philosophy and management strategies that interconnect companies with society and seek out proper design approaches. Recently, the world's enterprise and management culture tend to connect products and services provided by companies through chains of social values. Based on the abovementioned shift in the management paradigm, the researcher investigates and analyzes actual cases of attempts by Samsung Electronics to achieve its social impacts and studies actual roles and approaches of in-house designers with creativity and insights of humanity with regard to these attempts. Each case is selected from various fields such as the company's products and service development, business systems, culture, and external strategies and the ultimate goal is to learn about actual insights and approaches of designers to make contributions to the company's management with social impacts. Especially, humanity and creative thinking of many designers working in the manufacturing industry can have significant contributions to achieving its management with social impacts and effects of sustainable management.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-84
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• 1996

It is generally believed that the medical profession in Korea is an well-paid field along with legal profession. In this vein, the nursing is regarded one of well-paid profession. The actual data, however, reveals that nurses belong to low income bracket. We carefully compare the nurse's earnings with those of other professions. We selected 58 professions, which are similar in vocational characteristics and education background to nurses and conduct a regression analysis to estimate earning functions. Using the estimated coefficients, we project an optimum salary level for nurse, and compare it with the actual salary level. The estimated results show that the nurses are underpaid : their actual salary is less than the optimum level. We provide several explanations for this phenomenon : a tradition based on Confucian value, wage discrimination for women, and wage inequality among hospitals. Undercompensation will result either ratard professional development, or block the motivation for high quality of nursing care. If the current underpaying situation is not improved, a shortage of nurses along with an noticeable decline in the quality of medical services are expected. Therefore an adequate compensation for nurses must be properly assessed and addresed not only be health care authorities but also by legislators. Further research is needed to explain why there is such as wide salary inequality among nurses, and to find what cause it.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3611-3616
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• 1974

Alluvial plain of the coast of Kum river tail were found as being mostly consisted of weak foundation. The settlement of the ground, density and change of moisture content which were formed by the load due the construction of earth works were disclossed by the field investigations and laboratory tests. The results are as follow, 1) Banking materials are SM and soft soil stratum is CL. 2) Field moisture content; Wf=19-1.37c c; percentage of clay (less than 0.005mm) 3) optimum water content and maximum density of banking materials; rt=2.15$\mid$0.0165W(12%24%) 4) Density and moisture coutent of banking materials; rt=2.146-0.0095W (8%50%) 5) Density and moisture content of weak foundation; rt=2.06-0. 007W After construction (20%50%) Befor construction (40%60%) 6) Load and settlement of weak foundation; Everage settlement ratio; 12% of actual load p Maximum settlement ratio; 19% of actual load p Minimum settlement ratio: 5% of actual load p 7) Relation of cohesion and unconfined compression test value; c=1/2qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) c=1/3qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$)