• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was investigating the managers' consciousness on the interior landscape in coffee shop, the actual measurement of the space size and greenary spaces of coffee shop for grasping the actual condition of interior landscape. The coffee shop was made and object of this research was 100 cases in the center of Taegu city. The major results of actual measurement of the ratio greenary and spaces are as follows; 1. The ratio greenary spaces in the indoor plants was account for 2.06% of the coffee shop area. 2. The managers recognized that the spaces area of the interior plantscape were narrow comparison with whole spaces area about the interior landscape. 3. A major arrangement type of the interior landscape was the dispersion type. 4. A major plants used for the interior landscape were foliage plants and also most of managers prefered foliage plant. 5.Generally, managers were high interested in the interior landscape but the experience knowledge and investment in the interior landscape were not sufficient.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2015

세계적으로 급증하는 전력수요에 대처하고, $CO_2$ 배출을 줄이고자 인구가 밀집되어 있는 도심지에 복합화력 발전소가 건설되고 있다. 환경규제가 계속적으로 강화됨에 따라 NOx 배출량을 줄이고자 저 NOx 버너, SCR 등 여러 가지 설비들을 설치하고 있다. 본 연구는 경기도 고양시 소재의 일산열병합발전소 1개소에서 배출되는 질소산화물을 TMS를 이용하여 배출계수를 산정하여 이를 전산유체동역학(CFD)에 적용하여 질소산화물의 거동을 살펴보고, 현장 실측 결과와 비교 검토하였다. 실측 기간 중 측정 시간에 따른 주 풍향 풍속의 순간적인 변화로 인해 실측 결과와 CFD 모델링 결과의 차이가 나타날 수 있으나, 모델링 결과와 실측 결과는 대부분 예측지점에서 유사한 농도로 나타났다. 향후 주변농도를 고려한 기여농도를 산출하여 실측농도에 가까운 예측농도 도출이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한구강악안면임플란트학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reproducibility of a method based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology for the visualization and measurement of gingival soft-tissue dimensions. Material and Methods: A total of 66 selected points in soft-tissue of the ex vivo head of an adult pig were investigated in this study. For the measurement of radiographic thickness (RT), wet soft-tissue surfaces were lightly covered with barium sulfate powder using a powder spray. CBCT was taken and DICOM files were assessed for soft-tissue thickness measurement at reference points. A periodontal probe and a rubber stop were used for the measurement of trans-gingival probing thickness (TPT). After flap elevation, actual thickness of soft-tissue (actual thickness, AT) was measured. Correlation analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients analysis (ICC) were performed for AT, TPT, and RT. Results: All variables were distributed normally. Strong significant correlations of AT with RT and TPT values were found. The two ICC values between TPT vs. AT and RT vs. AT differed significantly. Conclusion: Our results indicated that correlation of RT was stronger than that of TPT with AT. We concluded that soft tissue measurement with CBCT could be a reliable method, compared to the trans-gingival probing measurement method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1994

The feasibility of using ultrasonic-wave doppler sensors for a measurement of the actual ground speed of agricultural machines was investigated. The actual ground speed is estimated from the doppler shift frequencies of the two ultrasonic-waves transmitted to and received from a moving object. A prototype of the speed-measurement system was designed and constructed for the performance test. The measurement system showed a good performance with a flat surface at speeds lower than 3m/s. However, it was failed to receive the reflected signals from the rough and irregular soil surfaces. Further researches to solve this problem and to improve its performance are now underway.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.792-801
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• 1996

A thinning algorithm -based image analysis technique was developed to measure corn root lengths. The root length measurement method was evaluated by comparing thread lengths measured by the image analysis system with actual thread lengths. The length measurement method accurately estimated actual thread lengths (less than 2% calculated error). Also, a rapid root length density measurement procedure, which utilizes the above root length measurement method, was developed to estimate corn root length density without washing the roots. Root length densities estimated from the cut soil surface of core samples taken from the field were paired with the root length densities determined from washed roots from the same soil core sample. A linear relationship between these two values was expected and was found. Eliminating the root washing procedure reduces the time required for measuring corn root length density substantially.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

This paper suggests a methodology fur improving the machining accuracy by compensating for the machining errors based on on-machine measurement process. Probing errors and machine tool errors included in the measurement data were calibrated or compensated to obtain the actual machining errors. Machine tool errors were modeled in forward and backward directions according to the axis movement direction to consider the effects of backlash errors on the measurement data, and model parameters were determined by measuring a cube array artifact. A rectangular workpiece was machined and then measured with a touch probe as a verification experiment. Machining experiments showed that the machining errors were reduced to within the designated tolerance after compensating for the actual machining errors by modifying the original footpath for the next-step machining.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2019

A CAD program has recently been introduced that can be directly developed into a three-dimensional human body shape and made into a pattern. It is possible to fabricate a bra that reflects the volume and surface area of the breast; however, it still needs to be verified. This study investigates the average size and shape of 20 big-breasted women and designs a brassiere pattern for women with large breasts using a 3D Flattening function of OptiTex PDS v15.6. In addition, the study verifies the reliability of the proposed method compared to a conventional brassiere pattern. The study results are as follows. First, the three dimensional measurement values were smaller than the direct measurement dimensions when the three dimension measurement dimensions of the subjects were compared with the direct measurement dimensions, the replica measurement dimensions and the three dimensional measurement dimensions. Second, the 3D flattening pattern reflects the actual shape, length, and area of the actual breast when comparing a brassiere pattern using a 3D shape and pattern reflecting the direct measurement.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제29권B호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2009

This study has analysed actual overbreak, shotcrete rebound and the ratio between the actual quantity of shotcrete to designed shotcrete measured during a NATM tunnel construction. The measured shotcrete rebound was about 7.2% in average which was about half the allowable rebound (15%), showing shotcrete spraying was performed well. Based on the measurement of excavated tunnel shape, average overbreak was about 28.5cm after tunnel excavation by drill and blasting method. This was about 260% of allowable overbreak. In addition, due to the rebound and overbreak actual amount of shotcrete used in the tunnelling work was about 116.5 % of the designed value. According to the field measurement the ratio of actual shotcrete to designed value showed some relation with standard support pattern, but the size of overbreak did not show the correlation with standard support pattern. Hence current design specifications stating the size of overbreak based entirely on standard support pattern should perhaps be reestablished. The insight into the design guideline regarding overbreak and shotcrete.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2011

콘크리트의 공극구조를 평가하기 위한 대표적인 모델 중 하나가 Power가 제안한 간격계수(SF : spacing factor)인데, 이 PSF(power spacing factor)는 평균단일공극 개념을 사용하여 갇힌 공극의 존재 여부에 따라 그 결과값이 실제와 상이하게 나올 수 있는 단점이 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 실측된 공극 간격 데이터를 이용하여 지수화한 AMSF(실측간격계수 : actual measurement spacing factor)를 개발하였으며, 콘크리트 혼합물의 화상 분석 결과를 이용하여 PSF와 AMSF를 비교 평가하였다. 이 연구 결과, PSF와 AMSF는 전반적으로 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있으나, PSF가 $400{\mu}m$ 이상일 때 전반적으로 AMSF가 좀 더 큰 값을 나타내고 있어, 공기량이 작은 콘크리트 혼합물의 경우 PSF는 실제보다 좀 더 작은 값으로 예측할 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 갇힌 공극의 유무에 따른 PSF와 AMSF 각각을 분석한 결과, AMSF는 갇힌 공극을 포함하지 않고 분석한 값이 더 크게 나타났고, PSF는 실제와 다르게 갇힌 공극을 포함하지 않고 분석한 값이 더 작게 나타났다. 이와 같이 PSF가 이와 같은 경향을 나타내는 이유는 평균단일공극 개념을 사용하기 때문이며, 이 분석 결과를 통해 AMSF가 좀 더 실제에 가까운 분석기법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 복식
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to understand problems with both fit and sizing system of gloves by analyzing the glove production industries with an emphasis on the sizing system, production measurement system, and general marking situation. Also, to suggest the basic raw materials for improving sizing system for gloves, actual glove control sizes were compared to the anthropometric data of the previous study Fifteen domestic production companies were participated in this study-Domestic glove production companies established their own sizing system by copying inter-national brand's glove sizing system or by their experience. The Korean Standard of gloves and the 1997 Korean Standard Anthropometrics Measurement for producing glove patterns are not considered because of its discordance with the reality of the required measurements. Domestic glove production companies used different size designation and labeling system. Size measurement unit also showed difference among the glove production companies. Some companies used 'cm', some used 'mm', some used 'inch' for the measurement unit. In general, companies produced 5 to 4 sizes in one design of glove and the production was the highest in M and L size. In 9 out of 15 companies preferred control size as hand length and hand circumference. For reference size, most of the companies preferred finger circumference, finger length, palm length, hand breadth, crotch height, and hand thickness. Actual glove sizes were compared to the anthropometric data of the previous study. The results indicated that most of the measurements of actual glove sizes were significantly larger than the anthropometric data.