• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.199-212
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• 2000

A series of novel ascorbic acid derivatives, polyethoxylated ascorbic acid (PEAA) were synthesized by coupling ascorbic acid with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of two molecular weights (MW: 350 and 550) at the C-2 or C-3 hydroxyl group (2PEAA350, 3PEAA350, 2PEAA550, 3PEAA550) to increase the stability and retain the activity, as a skin whitening agent. Their stability, scavenging activity against free radical, inhibitory activity against tyroxinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in Bl6 melanoma cell of PEAAs were evaluated in viかo and compared with those of ascorbic acid and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (3OEAA), a Con stable vitamin C derivative. Among PEAAs, 2PEAA350 and 2PEAA550 tad high scaveniging activity against See radical, inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and inhibitory activity if melanogenesis but low stability, 3PEAA350 had high stability and moderate scavenging activity against free radical, infibitory activity against tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanogenesis. The stability, scavenging activity against free radical and inhibitory activity of melanogenesis of 3PEAA350 were higher than those of 30EAA. The most stable 3PEAA350 among PEAAs was nontoxic in various toxicological tests. These results suggest that PEAA would be a good whitening agent far enhancing stability and bioavailability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient and scientific basis for muscle activity (%MVIC) of RA, EO, VL, HS muscles and balance in soccer players through dynamic lumbar stability exercise and static lumbar stability exercise. Methods: This study included 23 soccer players belonging to D University of J province who attended the program for 30 minutes at a time and three times a week for 4 weeks. Of these 13 attended the dynamic lumbar stability exercise (DLSE) program and 10 the static lumbar stability exercise (SLSE) program. The differences between the effects of the dynamic lumbar stability exercise program and static lumbar stability exercise program were analyzed. Results: To increase muscle activity (%MVIC) and balance (WPL), the dynamic lumbar stability exercise program was more effective than was the static lumbar stability exercise program. 1) The %MVIC of trunk muscle (RA &EO) and lower extremitys muscle (VL & HS) increased from before training to after training in the case of the participants who performed the dynamic lumbar stability exercise. 2) The whole path length (WPL) decreased from before the training to after the training. The 2 groups significantly differed in this regard. Conclusion: Dynamic lumbar stability exercise program helps to improve the balancing ability and muscle activity in a soccer players who requires both muscle activity and balance than does any other players.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2021

This study was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities and proteolytic enzyme stability of the acidified extract of the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The acidified extract showed potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli D31, but had no activity against Candida albicans. Treatment of extract with trypsin completely abolished all or significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, but slightly decreased antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, and treatment of extract with chymotrypsin retained almost antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria except for E. coli D31. To confirm the additional enzyme stability of the extract, antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested after treated with several enzymes. Enzymes treated extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and its activity was also retained for 5 h after trypsin treatments. Non-proteinaceous materials in the acidified extract also showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. All our results indicate that mussel extract might contain the proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous antibacterial materials target not bacterial membrane but intracellular components. These results could be used to develop mussel extract as an additive for the improvement of stability or antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against specific bacteria.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2013

PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between the segment of erector spinae during a core stability exercise according to visual control. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 20 healthy students. An 8-channel electromyograph was used to measure muscle activities of the erector spinae by segment(cervical, thoracic and lumbar) during a core stability exercise according to visual control. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Pearson-test. RESULTS: The activity of the erector spinae for all segment was higher without the vision than with. The activity of right cervical erector spinae was significantly increased by increasing the activity of the left thoracic erector spinae during a core stability exercise with vision (r= .555). The activity of left thoracic erector spinae was significantly increased by increasing the activity of the left lumbar erector spinae during a core stability exercise without vision (r= .472). CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between the cervical and thoracic segment of erector spinae during a core stability exercise with vision. There was a positive correlation between the thoracic and lumbar segment of erector spinae during a core stability exercise without vision.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of lower limb muscle activity on postural stability and ground type in elderly women subjects. Method : Forty two subjects participated in the experiment (high group - age: $74.29{\pm}4.13yr$, height: $152.44{\pm}5.54cm$, weight: $57.43{\pm}6.16kg$, BMI: $24.77{\pm}2.99$, low group - age: $77.67{\pm}5.16yr$, height: $151.40{\pm}3.93cm$, weight: $60.92{\pm}6.40kg$, BMI: $26.59{\pm}2.57$). Wireless EMG with eight channels was used. Ground types were classified as flat and cushion. Results : In the double-support phase, left and right rectus femoris, left biceps femoris, left and right tibialis anterior, and left gastrocnemius did not show a significant difference in postural stability according to ground type. However right biceps femoris and gastrocnemius showed higher muscle activity in the elderly women group with lower postural stability. In the single-support phase, left and right rectus femoris, right biceps femoris, and left and right tibialis anterior did not show a significant difference in postural stability according to ground type. In addition, left biceps femoris had higher muscle activity in the elderly women group with lower postural stability. Left gastrocnemius had higher muscle activity in the elderly women group with higher postural stability and right gastrocnemius had higher muscle activity in the elderly women group on cushion ground. Conclusion : In a dynamic postural stability and cushion ground, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscle activity were high. As a result, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscle strengthening exercise on cushion ground could be beneficial in the prevention of falling.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1990

The effects of pH values, temperature and some elements on the amylolytic activity and stability of the purified S. aureofacienc 77 amylase were studied in this investigation. The purified enzyme showed its maximum activity at pH 6 within 8 min incubation at $40^{\circ}C$. None of the tested 6 metals showed on stimulatory effect on the enzymatic activity, $Fe^{+++}$, $Cu^{++}$ and $Hg^{++}$ at high dose inhibited the enzyme activity to great extent as compared with $Zn^{++}$, $Mn^{++}$ and $Fe^{++}$ whih gave less effect in this respect. The enzyme liquor was found to be thermolabile, since it lost completely its activity after 4 days incubation under room temperature and showed maximum activity during this period as a result of additions of $Ca^{++}$and NaCl, Gradual reduction was however recorded until activity reached 30% after 60 days of incubation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2022

Background: Gluteus medius muscle is important for the stability of hip joint. The sufficient core stability can be contributed to the performance of gluteus medius muscle in standing position. In addition, the external support may affect core stability in standing position. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effectiveness of the external support on the strength and muscle activity of hip abductor muscle during hip abduction in standing position in subjects without core stability. Methods: Fifteen subjects participated in this study. The subjects were evaluated by using the double-leg lowering with bent knees to measure the core stability. The strength and muscle activity of hip abductors was measured in standing position with the condition with and without external support using the tensiometer sensor and the surface electromyography. The paired t-test was used to investigate the difference between hip abductor strength and activity according to external support. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: The hip abductor strength and muscle activity of gluteus medius muscle with external support were significantly greater than those without external support during hip abduction in standing position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: During hip abduction in standing position, the external support may be contributed to the improvement of the hip abductor strength and muscle activity of gluteus medius especially in the subjects without core stability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.621-631
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to measure magnitude of lower leg muscle activity during dynamic stability tests performed on an unstable board by subjects with sprained lateral ankles. Fifteen lateral ankle sprain subjects(8 male, 7 female) participated in this study. The muscle activity was measured at gastrocnemious, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during dynamic stability tests performed on Biodex stability system as surface EMG. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) of each muscle. As results, peroneus longus evidenced significant difference at stable and unstable grade comparing injured with uninjured sides. Gastrocnemious and tibialis anterior evidenced no significant difference. Change of muscle activity with stable and unstable grade evidenced no significant difference on injured and uninjured sides. The data provided information on peroneus longus contributes to dynamic stability after lateral ankle sprains. Peroneus longus training program may have to be emphasized after an ankle sprain.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2009

본 연구는 요부안정화에 도움이 되는 불안정 기저면의 운동인 공운동, 전신진동운동, 매트운동을 선택하여 각 운동조건의 체간과 하지의 근 활성도(%RVC)를 비교한 결과, 배속빗근은 전신진동기조건에서 매트조건보다 유의하게 증가하였고(p<.05), 넙다리곧은근과 장딴지안쪽갈래근은 공과 전신진동기조건에서 매트조건 보다 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), 오금안쪽갈래근은 공조건에서 매트조건 보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 세 가지 운동방법으로 4주간 안정화운동프로그램을 진행시킨 결과, 세 운동군 모두 운동전보다 운동 후에 각 방향에서 안정성한계의 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 각 운동군의 운동 전 후의 안정성한계의 차이 값을 비교한 결과, 각 운동군에서 네 방향(전 후 좌 우)의 안정성한계에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 따라서 교각자세에서의 요부안정화 운동방법 중에서 체간근과 하지근육의 근활성도는 공과 전신진동기 운동에서 더 증가되었지만, 안정화운동 4주후에는 세 운동 모두 자세안정성을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

To improve trunk stability, various exercise protocols were introduced into the clinical field. Trunk and lumbar stability exercises on unstable surfaces are especially recommended to improve lumbar stability. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominal oblique muscle activity during leg raising in hook-lying position among 3 different type of surface conditions (on floor (F), vestibular board (VB), and foam roll (FR)). Sixteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the internal and external oblique muscles of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a one-way repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the EMG activities of the internal oblique and external oblique of the lifted leg side during straight leg raising significantly increased under the FR condition when compared to the F condition. There was no significant difference of the EMG activity in abdominal oblique muscles between the VB and the FR conditions. The EMG activity of the internal oblique of supported leg side during the straight leg raising was significantly greater under the FR condition than the VB and F conditions (p<.05). The composition ratio of EMG activity of internal oblique muscles during straight leg raising was significantly increased under the FR condition. Therefore, straight leg raising exercise on foam roll in hook lying position could be beneficial to improve trunk and lumbar stability.