• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

본 연구는 은행 열매 오일의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 확인한 것이다. 은행나무 열매 오일은 DPPH assay와 FRAP assay를 사용하여 라디컬 소거능을 시험하였다. 결과적으로 은행나무 열매 오일은 DMSO를 용매로 0.06% 녹였을 때, DPPH assay에서 9.96% 소거활성을 나타내었고 FRAP는 1.33 mM의 ferric sulfate ($FeSO_4$)를 생성하였다. 은행 열매 오일은 tyrosinase inhibition assay에서 37.72%의 억제력을 가졌고 B16/F10 세포에 멜라닌 생합성 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 은행 오일 0.06%에서 ${\alpha}$-MSH 처리 구에 비해 48.02%의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였다. Tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)의 유전자 발현 수준은 control군에 비해 0.04%와 0.06% 농도 군이 크게 감소하였다. 결과적으로 은행 열매 오일 추출물이 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside compound K(C-K), a major metabolite of ginsenoside, exhibits anticancer activity in various cancer cells and animal models. A cell signaling study has shown that C-K inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway in human astroglial cells and liver cancer cells. However, the molecular targets of C-K and the initiating events were not elucidated. Methods: Interaction between C-K and Annexin A2 was determined by molecular docking and thermal shift assay. HepG2 cells were treated with C-K, followed by a luciferase reporter assay for $NF-{\kappa}B$, immunofluorescence imaging for the subcellular localization of Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit, coimmunoprecipitation of Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit, and both cell viability assay and plate clone formation assay to determine the cell viability. Results: Both molecular docking and thermal shift assay positively confirmed the interaction between Annexin A2 and C-K. This interaction prevented the interaction between Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit and their nuclear colocalization, which attenuated the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the expression of its downstream genes, followed by the activation of caspase 9 and 3. In addition, the overexpression of Annexin A2-K320A, a C-K binding-deficient mutant of Annexin A2, rendered cells to resist C-K treatment, indicating that C-K exerts its cytotoxic activity mainly by targeting Annexin A2. Conclusion: This study for the first time revealed a cellular target of C-K and the molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2016

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

Objectives: Auraptene, a natural citrus coumarin, found in plants of Rutaceae and Apiaceae families. In this study, we investigated the effects of auraptene on tumor migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 enzymes activity. Methods: The effects of auraptene on the viability of A2780 and Hela cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Wound healing migration assay and Boyden chamber assay were determined the effect of auraptene on migration and cell invasion, respectively. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were analyzed by gelatin zymography assay. Results: Auraptene reduced A2780 cell viability. The results showed that auraptene inhibited in vitro migration and invasion of both cells. Furthermore, cell invasion ability suppressed at $100{\mu}M$ auraptene in Hela cells and at 25, $50{\mu}M$ in A2780 cell line. Gelatin zymography showed that for Hela cell line, auraptene suppressed MMP-2 enzymatic activity in all concentrations and for MMP-9 at a concentration between 12.5 to $100{\mu}M$ in A2780 cell line. Conclusion: Auraptene inhibited migration and invasion of human cervical and ovarian cancer cells in vitro by possibly inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2019

국화과에 속하는 단풍취의 추출물이 가지는 알츠하이머에 대한 효과를 알기 위하여 AChE에 대한 억제효과와 peroxynitrite 소거효과를 연구하였다. 단풍취 추출물은 AChE에 대한 억제효과로서 그 $IC_{50}$가 $73.4{\mu}g/ml$이었으며 peroxynitrite 소거효과에 관한 $IC_{50}$는 $8.60{\mu}g/mL$이었으므로 알츠하이머 질환에 유익할 것으로 판단된다. 단풍취에 가장 많이 함유된 성분인 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid 성분의 활성도 이와 유사한 활성을 보였으므로 단풍취 추출물의 효과는 주로 이 화합물의 활성에 따른 것으로 예상된다. Caffeoylquinic acid가 알츠하이머 질환에 효과있다는 보고가 있으므로 이 식물의 잎과 줄기 추출물에서 6종의 지표물질을 이용하여 정량법을 확립한 후 정량하였다. 그 결과 잎에서는 성분 함량이 25.1%를 차지하여 줄기의 함량보다 훨씬 높았다. 특히 잎 추출물 중 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid의 함량이 145.6 mg/g에 달하여 알츠하이머 질환 치료에 유익할 것으로 예상된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2005

Bacillus cereus 28-9 is a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from lily plant in Taiwan. This bacterium exhibited biocontrol potential on Botrytis leaf blight of lily as demonstrated by a detached leaf assay and dual culture assay. At least two chitinases (ChiCW and ChiCH) were excreted by B. cereus 28-9. The ChiCW-encoding gene was cloned and moderately expressed in Escherichia coli DH5$\alpha$. Near homogenous ChiCW was obtained from the periplasmic fraction of E. coli cells harboring chiCW by a purification procedure. An in vitro assay showed that the purified ChiCW had inhibitory activity on conidial germination of Botrytis elliptica, a major fungal pathogen of lily leaf blight.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2005

Antimutagenic activity of the enzymatic browning reaction products (EBRPs) was investigated by using the spore rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains H17 $(rec^+)\;and\;M45 (rec^-)$. The EBRPs tested were prepared from the reactions of five different kinds of polyphenols with polyphenol oxidase isolated from the leaves Perilla frutescens. In the spore rec-assay, most of the polyphenolic compounds tested showed positive, whereas only their tested compound showed negative respectively. In addition of polyphenol oxidase inhibitors such as cysteine, glutathione and ascorbic acid to the reaction mixtures consisted with the polyphenol oxidase and polyphenols, the mutagenic effects were increased in the spore recassay. These results show that the activity of polyphenol oxidase may play an important role in the reduction of mutagenicity of polyphenols.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Objectives : Nickel is a major metal used in the nickel-chromium alloys of most orthodontic appliances, partial denture and implants. This study was carried out for the examination of the cytotoxicity on nickel sulfide in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and poncirin effect on nickel-induced cytotoxicity. Methods : Cell viability for the MTT assay and cell adhesion activity for the XTT assay. Results : The $IC_{50}$ of nickel sulfide by the MTT assay was $93.7\;{\mu}M$. Poncirin was significantly increased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity. Conclusion : Nickel was highly toxic and poncirin has the inhibitory effects against nickel induced cytotoxicity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.142-145
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• 1992

MeOH extract of twenty medicinal herbs were screened for their effects against protein kinase C (PKC) using bleb-forming assay and PKC enzyme assay. Smilax china and Sanguisorba officinalis showed potent anti-PKC activity. Campsis grandiflora and Galla Halepensis showed moderate inhibitory effect on PKC.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.464-468
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• 1999

In order to find less toxic antiviral agents from basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. Anti-encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus activity of EA was examined in Vero cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with interferon (IFN) alpha and gamma were examined on the multiplication of EMC virus. EA exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of EMC virus with 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of 2.12 mg/ml. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was analysed by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha showed potent synergism with CI values of 0.40~0.60 for 50%, 70% and 90% effective levels, but that with IFN gamma showed antagonism with CI values of 2.16~2.83.