• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.476-479
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• 1997

Three types of dihydroberberine derivatives such as spirobenzylisoquinoline, benzindenoazepine and cyclopropanated quinolizine species were synthesized from dihydroberberine for the investigation on their anti-tumor activity. Among them, cyclopropanated quinolizine species were more effective than spirobenzylisoquinoline and benzindenoazepine against P-388 and L-1210 leukemia cell.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 1991

Several types of IFNs were tested for their ability to suppress TCDD-inducible P-450 dependent mixed function oxidase (MFO) system in mouse primary hepatocytes. Mouse IFN-gamma (IFN-G) markedly suppressed EROD activity when added at the same time as TCDD (10 nM). The antagonism of EROD activity by IFN-G exhibited both a dose-(10-100 U/ml) and time-depedence. In contrast, mouse IFN-A/B was only moderately suppressive and only at high concentrations (500 U/ml). Rat IFN-G was even more selective than mouse, wherase human IFN-G had no activity.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.77-92
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• 1999

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Objectives: Formulas for treatment of yin or yang deficiency conditions have been commonly used in traditional Korean medicine. The aim of this study is to examine the possible inhibitory effects of yin- or yang-tonifying formulas on in vivo anti-platelet activity and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity. Methods: We tested the effects of 26 types of yin- or yang-tonifying formulas on platelet aggregation induced by collagen in human whole blood using the impedance method of aggregometry and accessed a biomarker of platelet activation using thromboxane $B_2$ immunoassay. We also tested the anti-thrombotic effects of effective candidates on experimental models of thrombosis in mice. Results: 3 types of yin-tonifying formulas and 3 types of yin-yang-tonifying formulas were selected to be the most effective candidates (p<0.01). Also, through in vivo study, the antithrombotic activities of Igyeong-tang, Gamisipjeondaebo-tang, and Gamisoyo-san-treated groups, with recovery rate of 60, 50, and 45.45%, respectively, were observed to be higher than those of the control group (saline, 36.8%) in mouse acute thrombosis. Conclusion: These results show that yin-tonifying formulas are more effective in anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activity than yang-tonifying formulas.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1072-1077
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• 2007

Bacterial endospores, especially those of Bacillus and Clostridium genera, are the target of sterilization in various foods. We used Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores to screen novel antimicrobial substances against spores from medicinal plants. We collected 79 types of plant samples, comprising 42 types of herbs and spices and 37 types of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Korea and China. At a concentration of 1%(w/v), only 14 of the ethanol extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis spores of at least 90%. Crude extracts of Torilis japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Plantago asiatica, Fritllaria, and Arctium lappa showed particularly high sporicidal activities, reducing the spore count by about 99%. Consideration of several factors, including antimicrobial activity, extraction yields, and costs of raw materials, resulted in the selection of T. japonica, G. jasminoides, A. lappa, and Coriandrum sativum for the final screening of novel antimicrobial substances. Verification tests repeated 10 times over a 4-month period showed that the ethanol extract of T. japonica fruit reduced aerobic plate counts of B. subtilis spores the most, from $10^7$ to $10^4\;CFU/mL$ (99.9%) and with a standard deviation of 0.21%, indicating that this fruit is the most suitable for developing a novel antimicrobial substance for inactivating B. subtilis spores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the types and the colors of men's casual wear, hairstyles, and the methods of stimulus manufacture on men's image perception. The subjects were 360 women from the metropolitan area of Seoul. The clothing types used for the study were a sweater and a jumper(casual jacket) with jean pants. The clothing colors were beige, indigo, and red. Two hairstyles, the short and the medium length hairs, were compared. Two types of stimuli, the photograph and the computer simulation picture, were used. The results of the factor analysis disclosed five dimensions on men's image: neatness, individuality, ability, activity, and sociability. In general, the photograph stimuli were evaluated more positively in activity, individuality, and sociability than the picture stimuli. The sweaters were perceived higher in ability, activity, and sociability than the jumpers. The Indigo color was evaluated as neat. The medium length hairstyles were perceived as neat and the short hairstyles were perceived as sociable. The jumpers were evaluated lower in individuality in the picture stimuli than in the photograph stimuli. The beige and indigo colors were evaluated to be neater in the picture stimuli than in the photograph. When using the picture stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweaters with the medium length hairstyles were evaluated lower in individuality. When using the photograph stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweater with the short hairstyles were evaluated higher in activity. Men's image wearing the indigo jumper and the beige sweater with medium length hairs were evaluated as high in neatness.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.449-463
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• 2020

This study was to analysis teaching strategies, types of inquiry activities and the relationship between science concepts and inquiry activities presented in science textbooks. As a result of the study, first, the inquiry-based teaching strategies presented in science textbooks were experiment, simulation, demonstration, and field study. Second, there were 53 inquiry activities presented in 8 units related to the earth science area of science textbooks, and the types of inquiry activities were experimental observation (EO) 18, mock activity (SA) 20, investigation discussion and presentation (IP). It was analyzed as 12, data interpretation (ID) 2, and express (EX) 1 piece. Third, the relationship between inquiry activities and science concepts presented in science textbooks was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, out of a total of 42 inquiry activities, 21 inquiry activities corresponded to EA (explicit activities), in which the result of inquiry activities was directly and explicitly linked to science concepts. And IA (implicit activities), which is an implicit inquiry activity in which science concepts must be inferred using the results of inquiry activities, were analyzed as 21. In particular, IA (implicit activities), which is an implicit inquiry activity, can be said to be the result of reflecting the characteristics of earth science areas where many simulated activities (SA) are used. This is considered to be a matter to be considered in the process of developing various elementary science textbooks in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

Growth of G. max treated with $NO_3^-$-N was decreased by high NaCl treatments, but $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants showed good growth with enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and APX). Especially, activity of APX was higher in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants than other types of N-supplied plants throughout the stress period. Higher SOD activity under salt stress was accompanied by increase in APX activity in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants. Similarly, application of calcium confirmed somewhat positive effects on growth. Salt-treated soybean plants showed the best growth response with the increase of SOD and APX activity at an additional 5 mM calcium treatment. Especially, the increase of SOD activity through the strengthened CuZn-SOD isoform was remarkable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6033-6038
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• 2012

This study was designed to identify beliefs about physical activity in cancer patients. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients under treatment, who were invited to identify perceived barriers for not adopting a physically active lifestyle and to express their beliefs about physical activity. Content analyses revealed five main categories of beliefs including four types of barriers: (a) barriers related to the side effects of treatment; (b) barriers related to a lack of perceived physical abilities; (c) barriers related to a lack of interest for physical activity; (d) beliefs about the negative effects of physical activity, and (e) beliefs about the positive effects of physical activity. These findings extend the existing literature by indicating how stereotypes may play a role in explaining sedentary lifestyles in cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing insufficient physical activity in community-dwelling elderly individuals with dementia. Methods : Data were analyzed using a 2014 Survey of Living Conditions of Elderly Individuals. Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours were calculated using self-reported weekly frequency, duration, and types of physical activities to measure the degree of physical activity. Results : Mean MET hours were $4.03{\pm}8.59$. Factors influencing insufficient physical activity included limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), lower frequency of social group participation and unsatisfactory relationships with friends or community. When demographic factors were adjusted, patients with ADL limitation had 11.2 times higher risks of insufficient physical activities than those without. Conclusions : Community-dwelling elderly with dementia performed low levels of physical activity. Further research is needed to develop strategies to encourage physical activity participation in this population.