• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2019

In this paper, software activity, software activity instance, and the quality of the activity instance are defined as the 'activity which is performed on the software product by a person or a group of persons,' the 'distinctive and individual performance of software activity,' and the 'performer's evaluation on how good or bad his/her own activity instance is,' respectively. The representative values of the instance quality population associated with a product and its sub-population are defined as the (software) activity quality and activity quality characteristic of the product, respectively. The activity quality model in this paper classifies activity quality characteristics according to the classification hierarchy of software activity by the goal. In the model, a quality characteristic can have two types of sub-characteristics : Special sub-characteristic and component sub-characteristic, where the former is its super-characteristic too simultaneously and the latter is not its super-characteristic but a part of its super-characteristic. The activity quality model is parsimonious, coherent, and easy to understand and use. The activity quality model can serve as a corner stone on which a software quality body of knowledge, which constituted with a set of models parsimonious, coherent, and easy to understand and use and the theories explaining the cause-and-relationships among the models, can be built. The body of knowledge can be called the (grand) activity-centric quality model of software.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of the Science Conceptual Model Completion Activity and Science Conceptual Model Modifying Activity on middle-school students' achievement in science conceptual learning, and to analyze if there are any correlations among their achievements by purposed activities, their cognitive level and school science achievement. For the study, 112 middle school students were sampled for three groups, which are two experimental groups (Model Completion activity group, Model Modifying Activity group) and one control group. Pre- and post-tests were taken to measure the students' achievement in science concepts, and the logical thinking ability test was administered after the implementation period. In addition, their school science achievements were analyzed. The research findings are as follows: First, the Science Conceptual Model Completion activity is more effective for middle school students' science conceptual learning than the Science Conceptual Model Modifying activity or conventional activity. Second, higher school science achievement also results in higher achievement of science concepts through the Conceptual Model Modifying activity or the Conceptual Model Completion activity. Lastly, the Conceptual Model Completion activity is more effective for the concrete operational level students to attain science concepts than formal operational level ones. Meanwhile, on the contrary, the Conceptual Model Modifying activity is more effective for formal operational level students than the concrete operational level ones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park. To this end, 1 dependent variable and 11 independent variables were set, and multiple regression analysis was applied to find correlation between variables and the model. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Among 11 independent variables abstracted to study suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park, as a result of analysis on correlation between suitable illuminance of a dependent variable and activity space by using dummy variables, activity type and illuminance by spaces the suitable illuminance required for an urban neighborhood park was much influenced by activity type, and the fact that the activity was not limited to a specific space. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park were activity space, illuminance by spaces, seated activity, standing activity, and sporting activity. And, for relative contribution of independent variables to suitable illuminance, activity with sporting showed an importance 22 times higher than seated activity. When the central square(Sp_1) of activity spaces was set to reference category using dummy variables, it showed a contribution 52 times higher than sorting space(Sp_7) and the central square as the most important variable. 3) It was analyzed that suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood part was most influenced by sporting activity but the relative contribution of a sporting space where activity with sporting occurs was least in view of the function of the space. Very high illuminance is required to accept high activity, and if illuminance at a certain space becomes too high, it may influence the illuminance of other spaces, and may consequently have a negative effect on the suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood park. The results of this study were mainly for teenagers and young adults in their twenties, so further concrete studies which consider gender and a wider age range are needed in the future. Based on subsequent study, suitable illuminance by spaces shall be suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 1994

Despite of being the criteria to choose the efficient and reasonable alternatioves inactual planning process, the measure of accessibility rarely has applied to practices because each model has unexplicity concept of it and limitations in itself. Accessibility implies transportation system which offers opportunity of movement to overcome spatial separation and, simultaneously, land-use system which represents the location of each activity. Therefore, measures of accessibility have to represent the attractiveness of locations and the interactions of activities, that is, land-use and transportation, with an index. Considering that urban activity is based on the economic efficiency, costs and benfits, accessibility means the economic efficiency of the location of activity and the travel in view of land-use and transport repectively. Combined models that measure accessibility with considering land-use and tranportation simultaneously depend on reasonable concepts, but it is too simple for them to explain the accessibility which resulted from complex interaction of urban activities. Combined urban activity model developed by Kim (1983) and Rho (1989) explains the characteristics of activities in each regions and urban strcture in economic general equilibrium states in the long term of urban system. This model measures a regional accessibility with a dual variable which means the location surplus. This is a more systematic and comprehensive model for calculating the regional accessibility because it considers the interaction of each activity in urban system. It needs efforts to apply the accessibility index as a criterion in actual planning process through finding and quantitification of other explanatory variables to measure it in combined urban activity model.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.239-250
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to implement and develop the Economic Cost Driver Size(ECDS) extended model to determine the optimal cash driver size with measurement complexity cost and allocation fail cost. ECDS model can be used to seek both measurement accuracy and time efficiency of the Activity-Base Costing (ABC). The study also develops Activity Priority Number (APN) to evaluate the importance of nonvalue-added activities improvement and to determine the representative cost driver of value-added activities when applying ECDS model. APN consists of Severity Priority Number (SPN), Undetectablitiy Priority Number (UPN) and Occurrence Priority Number (OPN). APN can be obtained from lower-stream activity, current activity, upper-stream activity in terms of hierarchical dependency of SIPOC (Supplier, Input, Process, Output, and Customer). In order to seek both efficiency of invested capital and reduction of overhead cost, the paper proposes the integrated ABC and Economic Value Added (EVA) model using redesigned ABC-based statement of comprehensive income and EVA-based statement of financial position. For a better understanding of the proposed ABC-EVA integrated model, numerical examples are demonstrated in this paper. Cost drivers of ABC and capital drivers of EVA in the proposed model can be used to reduce activity overhead cost from ABC-based statement of comprehensive income and to lessen activity capital charge from EVA-based statement of financial position.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.185-194
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• 2000

In this work we measured the total pressure of the aqueous solutions and the methanol-water solutions dissolved with inorganic salts, at $25^{\circ}C$. In organic electrolytes used in this work were $K_2SO_4$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. Using the measured vapour pressures the activity coefficient of solvents and the mean ionic activity coefficient were obtained through thermodynamic relations. The activity coefficients of solvent and the mean ionic activity coefficirnt obtained in this work were fitted with Macedo's model and Acard's model. Both two models were good agreeable to the vapor pressure and the mean ionic activity coefficient for the electroyte aqueous solutions. For electrolyte /methanol/water solutions, Macedo's model had much deviation from experimental data, while Acard's model showed a good agreement with experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.626-640
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct leisure physical activity model of middle-aged women in urban area. Methods: Data were gathered by self-report questionnaire from 211 women aged between 41 and 59 years in urban community. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program and the model was constructed using the LISREL 8.54 program. Results: Variables that have direct effects on leisure physical activity were health state, past leisure physical activity, social support, self-efficacy, and affect. Perceived leisure state and behavioral leisure attitude also influenced leisure physical activity in an indirect way. Perceived leisure state had a direct effect on self-efficacy. Behavioral leisure attitude, past leisure physical activity, and experience of exercise effect had significantly direct effects on affect Conclusion: It will provide basic information for developing strategies of programs to enhance leisure physical activity of middle-aged women in urban area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Objectives: Physical activity behavior begins to decline during adolescence and continues to decrease throughout young adulthood. This study aims to explain factors that influence physical activity behavior in a sample of female adolescents using a health promotion model framework. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was used to explore physical activity behavior among a sample of female adolescents. Participants completed measures of physical activity, perceived self-efficacy, self-esteem, social support, perceived barriers, and perceived affect. Interactions among the variables were examined using path analysis within a covariance modeling framework. Results: The final model accounted for an $R^2$ value of 0.52 for physical activity and offered a good model-data fit. The results indicated that physical activity was predicted by self-esteem (${\beta}$=0.46, p<0.001), perceived self-efficacy (${\beta}$=0.40, p<0.001), social support (${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.001), perceived barriers (${\beta}$=-0.19, p<0.001), and perceived affect (${\beta}$=0.17, p<0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the health promotion model was useful to predict physical activity behavior among the Iranian female adolescents. Information related to the predictors of physical activity behavior will help researchers plan more tailored culturally relevant health promotion interventions for this population.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.197-205
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• 1991

A methodology of constructions a mathematical cost model for an activity constituting ship hull assembly process is proposed. The relationship between number of workers and processing time required for an activity can be formulated using an work study method, then manhours and shop floor area-hours required are calculated accordingly. The costs for unit manhour and unit shop floor area-hour respectively are calculated by distributing the overall annual cost of the company to the overall production resources consummed during the year. A general procedure of implementing the methodology has been demonstrated through a test on an exampled activity drawn from a real process.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the health belief model on the physical activity of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences. [Methods] This semi-experimental study was conducted on 130 university staff aged 25-50 years from the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were having at least 1 year of work experience, lack of acute and chronic physical and mental illnesses, and not using drugs that affect physical activity. The samples were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received three training sessions based on the health belief model. Before and 2 months after training, the control and experimental groups were evaluated via the following questionnaires: (1) demographic information questionnaire, (2) Health Belief Model Questionnaire, and (3) International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed statistically. [Results] The training process resulted in a significant increase in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs in the experimental group, but changes in the control group were not significant. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of physical activity. [Conclusion] The health belief model is a useful model for improving individuals' understanding of the benefits of physical activity.