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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: Activity Cost

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Impact Assessments of High Oil Prices on the Agro-Food System and the Role of Bioenergy Crops

  • Lee, Duu-Hwa;Lin, Hsin-Chun;Chang, Ching-Cheng;Hsu, Shih-Hsun;Chen, Chi-Chun;Sun, Jenny Chin-Hwa
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.653-682
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    • 2007
  • In this study, multi-sectoral partial equilibrium and computable general equilibrium models of Taiwan are used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of energy price increases on overall economies and agro-food sector in Taiwan. The results suggest that agricultural prices, production cost would increase between 0.27% to 1.88%, and a reduction in GDP around 0.39% to 0.54 %. The negative impact on livestock sector is slightly higher than that on the crop sector. Negative impacts are also observed in the employment and wages. The rising oil price has the potential to discourage production of energy-intensive activity because of the possibility of substitution and adaptations. The growth rate of real GDP will shrink by 0.64% to 1.06% and CPI will increase by 1.17% to 1,95%. Both the agriculture and non-agricultural sector also respond by raising output prices by 0.80% to 1.33%. The rising international oil price has urged the government to take policy actions like using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and adopting measures to cut down on energy consumptions mainly in transportation sectors in response to public concern over economic shocks.

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Enhanced Production of hCTLA4Ig by Suppressing Cell Death in Transgenic Rice Cell Suspension Cultures (형질전환 벼 현탁세포 배양에서 세포 사멸 억제를 통한 hCTLA4Ig 생산성 증대)

  • Kim, Myong-Sik;Nam, Hyung-Jin;Kim, Min-Sub;Kwon, Jun-Young;Kim, Dong-Il
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.260-268
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    • 2013
  • Transgenic plant cell cultures are an attractive expression system for the production of industrial and pharmaceutical proteins because of their advantages in safety and low production cost. Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) was produced and secreted when sugar was depleted in culture medium by transgenic rice cell lines (Oryza sativa L.) using RAmy3D promoter. Due to the production of the target protein by sugar depletion, concomitant occurrence of cell death is inevitable. For that reason, inhibition of cell death for enhancing productivity was necessary for the production period without energy sources. Supplementation of 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside improved cell viability by 1.4-fold and maximum hCTLA4Ig production by 1.3-fold compared to those of control. Addition of 1 and 10 mM glutathione, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and nicotinamide inhibited apoptotic-like programmed cell death by decreasing the activity of reactive oxygen species. Production hCTLA4Ig was enhanced 1.4-, 1.25-, and 1.15-fold with 10 mM NAC, 1 mM NAC, and 1 mM glutathione, respectively. In addition, it was found that the supplementation of NAC enhanced the cell viability.

A Study on Business Model of Fintech - Focus on the Business model canvas - (핀테크의 비즈니스 모델에 관한 연구 - 비즈니스 모델 캔버스를 중심으로-)

  • Ryu, Jeong-Min;Seo, Yong-Mo;Cho, Han-Jin
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to deduce a successful business model of fintech and suggest the business model component in fintech on domestics. Business model has suggested on a strategic levels but it is to a value of corporation. From literature research, we find a conceptual character and its component of business model. The results show that we understand the business model of fintech. We suggest business model of component for a successful entry of market. These results suggest business model canvas by Alexander Osterwalder. This business model consist of 9 blocks - customer segmentation, value proposition, customer relationship, key resource, key activity, key partnership, revenue stream, and cost structure. These components need an analytic approach for a successful entry and settlement of market. Also, we analyze and suggest a fintech business model and directivity of its components.

Personalized Itinerary Recommendation System based on Stay Time (체류시간을 고려한 여행 일정 추천 시스템)

  • Park, Sehwa;Park, Seog
    • KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2016
  • Recent developments regarding transportation technology have positioned travel as a major leisure activity; however, trip-itinerary planning remains a challenging task for tourists due to the need to select Points of Interest (POI) for visits to unfamiliar cities. Meanwhile, due to the GPS functions on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs, it is now possible to collect a user's position in real time. Based on these circumstances, our research on an automatic itinerary-planning system to simplify the trip-planning process was conducted briskly. The existing studies that include research on itinerary schedules focus on an identification of the shortest path in consideration of cost and time constraints, or a recommendation of the most-popular travel route in the destination area; therefore, we propose a personalized itinerary-recommendation system for which the stay-time preference of the individual user is considered as part of the personalized service.

An Analog of the Antimicrobial Peptide CopA5 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Activation

  • Yoon, I Na;Hong, Ji;Zhang, Peng;Hwang, Jae Sam;Kim, Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2017
  • We previously reported that the CopA3 peptide (LLCIALRKK, Dform) originally isolated from the Korean dung beetle has antimicrobial and immunosuppressive effects. However, the high cost of producing the synthetic peptide, especially the Dform, has limited the development of CopA3 for therapeutic purposes. Here, we investigated whether the CopA3 deletion derivative, CopA5, which is composed of only five amino acids (LLCIA) and has the Lform structure, could inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of macrophages. Peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) were isolated from mice and exposed to LPS in the presence or absence of CopA5, and biomarkers of macrophage activation were measured. Our results revealed that LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α secretion, and phagocytic activity of PEM were significantly inhibited by CopA5 treatment. Similar to CopA3, the structurally modified CopA5 peptide had no cell toxicity (as assessed by measurement of cell viability loss and apoptosis) in PEM. Moreover, the LPS-induced upregulation of the activating phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was markedly inhibited by CopA5 treatment. These results suggest that, similar to CopA3, CopA5 inhibits macrophage activation by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation and blocking the release of NO and TNFα. CopA5 may therefore prove therapeutically useful in the realm of immune suppression.

Optimal Conditions for Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Snow Crab Chionoecetes japonicus Cooker Effluent Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM을 이용한 홍게(Chionoecetes japonicus) 자숙부산물의 최적 효소가수분해 조건)

  • Baek, Jeong-Hwa;Jeong, Eun-Jeong;Jeon, Seon-Young;Cha, Yong-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.99-103
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    • 2011
  • This study was performed to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the production of a flavoring from the precipitation of snow crab cooker effluent (PSCCE) with commercial proteases. Based on cost-per-enzyme activity and sensory evaluations, Flavourzyme(R) 500 MG plus Protamex(R) (1:1 ratio, w/w) were selected as suitable enzymes. Three independent variables consisting of the substrate concentration (S), enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S), and hydrolysis time (T) were examined using response surface methodology (RSM). A model equation obtained from RSM was used to predict the degree of hydrolysis (DH) as follows: % DH = 52.285 - 6.371[S] + 5.469[E/S] + 7.599[T] - 5.818[S]2 - 5.633[E/S]2 - 6.528[T]2 - 3.265[E/S][S] - 5.415[T][S] + 4.315[T][E/S]. From the ridge analysis, the conditions favoring the highest degree of hydrolysis were pH 7.45, 55C, a S of 21.82%, an E/S of 0.50%, and a T of 3.74 h.

Reduction of Length of Stay in Emergency Room by Using Critical Pathway for Stroke Patients (Critical pathway 적용을 통한 급성 뇌졸중 환자의 응급실 체류시간 단축 효과)

  • Yun, Yeo-Ok;Kim, Min-Young;Kim, Woo-Jeong;Kang, Young-Joon;Park, Ju-Ok;Park, Kyung-Hye
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.66-73
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate effects of a critical pathway (CP) for stroke patients seen in emergency rooms (ER). Method: The CP developed by the CP committee consisted of 8 criteria: behavior of doctors and nurses, laboratory tests, Image testing, medication, treatment, activity, and nutrition. According to application of CP, a control group (n=17) and experimental group (n=17) were defined. Time was checked by the electronic medical records. Result: Use of CP for stroke patients in the ER, resulted in a decreased length of stay in ER (t=2.341, p=.026), and time required for image testing (t=2.623, p=.021), and an increased number of patients using rtPA (x2=4.802, p=.049). Time required for neurology doctor contact, for neurology doctor to see patient in the ER, and for report of blood tests decreased, but there were no statistical significance. Conclusion: Quick responses are most important in the ER, so CP for these patients is a very effective patient management tool. To reduce delay in stroke diagnosis, continuous education programs for similar symptoms are necessary. CPs for other patients in the ER should be developed, and studies on cost and satisfaction, as well as length of stay, should be done.

Characterization of Ni-Fe Alloy Electrodeposited Electrode for Alkaline Water Electrolysis (알칼라인 수전해용 Ni-Fe 합금 전착 전극의 특성)

  • AN, DA-SOL;BAE, KI-KWANG;PARK, CHU-SIK;KIM, CHANG-HEE;KANG, KOUNG-SOO;CHO, WON-CHUL;CHO, HYUN-SEOK;KIM, YOUNG-HO;JEONG, SEONG-UK
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.636-641
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    • 2016
  • Alkaline water electrolysis is commercial hydrogen production technology. It is possible to operate MW scale plant. Because It used non-precious metal for electrode. But It has relatively low current density and low efficiency. In this study, research objective is development of anode for alkaline water electrolysis with low cost, high corrosion resistance and high efficiency. Stainless steel 316L (SUS 316L) was selected for a substrate of electrode. To improve corrosion resistance of substrate, Nickel (Ni) layer was electrodeposited on SUS 316L. Ni-Fe alloy was electrodeposited on the passivated Ni layer as active catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). We optimized preparation condition of Ni-Fe alloy electrodeposition by changing current density, electrodeposition time and composition ratio of Ni-Fe electrodeposition bath. This electrodes were electrochemically evaluated by using Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ni-Fe alloy (Ni : Fe = 1 : 1) showed best activity of OER. The optimized electrode decreased overpotential about 40% at 100mA/cm2 compared with Ni anode.

Optimization of T/C Lifting Plan using Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) (DSM을 활용한 타워크레인 양중계획 최적화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Seungho;Kim, Sangyong;Jean, Jihoon;An, Sung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2016
  • Tower crane (T/C) is one of the major equipment that is highly demanded in construction projects. Especially, most high-rise building projects require T/C to perform lifting and hoisting activities of materials. Therefore, lifting plan of T/C needs to reduce construction duration and cost. However, most lifting plan of the T/C in construction sites has still performed depending on experience and intuition of the site manager without systematic process of rational work. Dependency structure matrix (DSM) is useful tool in planning the activity sequences and managing information exchanges unlike other existing tools. To improve lifting plan of T/C efficiently, this study presents a framework for the scheduling T/C using DSM through the case study in real world construction site. The results of case study showed that the scheduling T/C using DSM is useful to optimize the T/C lifting plan in terms of easiness, specially in the typical floor cycle lifting planning.

Use of Portable Global Positioning System (GPS) Devices in Exposure Analysis for Time-location Measurement

  • Lee, Ki-Young;Kim, Joung-Yoon;Putti, Kiran;Bennett, Deborah H.;Cassady, Diana;Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.461-467
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    • 2009
  • Exposure analysis is a critical component of determining the health impact of pollutants. Global positioning systems (GPS) could be useful in developing time-location information for use in exposure analysis. This study compares four low cost GPS receivers with data logging capability (Garmin 60, Garmin Forerunner 201, GeoStats GeoLogger and Skytrx minitracker MT4100) in terms of accuracy, precision, and ease of use. The accuracy of the devices was determined at two known National Geodetic Survey points. The coordinates logged by the devices were compared when the devices were carried while walking and driving. The Garmin 60 showed better accuracy and precision than the GeoLogger when they were placed at the geodetic points. The Forerunner and Skytrx did not record when they were kept stationary. When the subject wore the devices while walking, the location of the devices differed by about 8 m on average between any two device combinations involving the four devices. The distance between the coordinates logged by the devices decreased when the devices were carried with their antennas facing the sky. All the devices showed similar routes when they were used in a car. All the devices except the Forerunner had satisfactory signal reception when they were worn and when they were carried in the car. The GeoLogger is less comfortable for the subject because of specific wearing requirements. This evaluation found that the Garmin 60 and the Skytrx may be useful in personal exposure analysis studies to record time-location data.