• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

This study investigated the status of drinking highly caffeinated beverages by Korean adolescents, and we identified the factors influencing this behavior by Korean adolescents by using statistics from the 13th (2017) Survey on Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. The data was collected from 62,276 middle and high school students and the variables of this study included demographic factors, health behavioral factors, mental health factors and the availability of highly caffeinated beverages. The methods of data analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. This study found that the intake rate of highly caffeinated beverages was 1.9% for men and 1.5% for women, and these percentages increased with age (p<0.001). Current smoking and drinking, current drug usage and active people also had high intake of caffeinated beverages (p<0.001). A high level of stress, a low level of subjective sleep satisfaction and a feeling of happiness increased the rate of consuming highly caffeinated beverages. The factors of drinking highly caffeinated beverages were gender, age, smoking, physical activity, drug use, stress level, depression and suicidal ideation. Therefore, continuous discussion is needed to improve both the health behavior and mental health by managing the stress felt by Korean adolescents.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to classify the patterns of health behaviors of some rural residents in Korea by sub-grouping them into populations with similar patterns of diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, and then to investigate the relationship between these health behavior patterns and health status or health management of them. Methods: The study subjects were 722 rural residents above 20 years old on a typical rural district in Korea, and the data used in this study was from the survey data for health planning of a health center. Study questionnaire for this survey was developed from modifying the questionnaire for 'National Nutrition and Health Study' conducted in 1998. To classify health behavior patterns, cluster analysis was conducted. And to test the association of health behavior patterns with health status or health management, multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: The results and their implications of this study were as follows: 1. We identified six health behavior typologies : 67.8% of the sample had a good diet quality but showed sedentary activity level(good diet lifestyle) and 10.9% had heavy smoking behavior(smoking lifestyle). Individuals included in fitness lifestyle cluster(6.2%) had high physical activity level and those in drinking life style(2.6%) had had mainly large amount of alcohol. Zero point six percent of sample were included in hedonic lifestyle cluster, who showed poor health behaviors in all. Those included in passive lifestyle(11.9%) had no active health promoting activities but tended to avoid risk taking health behavior such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. 2. As a result of logistic regression analysis, to compare with the individuals in good diet lifestyle, the prevalence of chronic diseases of those in fitness lifestyle showed higher and that of those in smoking lifestyle, drinking lifestyle, hedonic lifestyle, passive lifestyle showed lower than them, retrospectively. 3. Adjusting with general characteristics and health status, to compare with the individuals in good diet lifestyle, the proportion of those who had good health management practices in fitness lifestyle was higher, and the proportion of those who had health check in past 2 years was lower than them, retrospectively. Conclusions: There were some differences in health behavior patterns between rural population and national population, which influenced significantly on health status and health management practice of them. We suggested that the health promotion program for them be developed with considering these points.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.647-651
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• 2012

Aim: An epidemiological study was conducted based on an esophageal cancer patient's cohort to investigate the association of folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the prognosis of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: 167 patients aged 37-75 years who had histological confirmed diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer were collected from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2008. MTHFR genotypes at the C677T site were analyzed by PCR-based RFLP methods, and the folate intake was computed by multiplying the food intake (in grams) and the folate content (per gram) of food in our questionnaire. Results: We found associations between the prognosis of esophageal cancer and smoking status, T and N stages. Individuals carrying the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotypes showed a shorter survival time than with the CC genotype, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.20 (0.56-2.15) and 2.29 (1.30-4.28), respectively. Similarly, those carrying MTHFR 677T allele had a 1.86-fold risk of death. A higher folate concentration showed a significant decreased risk of death, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.45 (0.18-0.87). Individuals with high folate intake and the MTHFR 677CC genotype showed a significant decreased risk of esophageal cancer (0.43, 0.25-0.89).Conclusion: Our findings supports the hypothesis that high folate intake and active MTHFR C677T polymorphism may exert protective roles in the prognosis of esophageal cancer in the Chinese population.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to discover the effects on women's health education for college women on their health promotion behaviors and the health related knowledge. The content of women's health education consisted of sex education, smoking, alcohol, exercise, nutrition, diet and stress management. “A Women and Heath” course was provided as an optional full term subject in the years of 2002 and 2003 at C University in G City. Out of 210 students who had chosen this course, 134 had agreed to participate in the research and had answered the same questionnaire which was given before the education and 14 weeks after the course at the last class. The findings are as follows： 1. It was found that the subjects have obtained knowledge mainly from television, radio, the Internet, women's magazines in order before the education. 2. Knowledge related to women"s health origionally scored low(average 1.92 out of 5). However, having completed a course on women and their health, they showed a significant increase of knowledge statistically(t＝26.945, p＝ .001) with average score of 3.48. 3. Health promotion behaviors who had completed the course has statistically significantly increased (t＝6.464, p＝ .001) compared to before the education. The results of this study are that by providing a women's health related course for college women on a regular basis, they could broaden their health related knowledge and become more active in practicing health promotion behaviors. This shows us the need to broaden the curriculum on women's health at the college level so that women have good knowledge and practice the knowledge for the sake of their health throughout their life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2004

Purpose ： To describe epidemiological characteristics and related factors in school personnel with hypertension. Method ： 5,384 school personnel (2,638 males and 2,746 females) received physical examination at the Seoul School Health Center in 2002. blood pressure(BP) was classified by JNC 7th report. Normal BP is systolic BP <120 and diastolic BP<80, prehypertension BP is 120-139 or 80-89mmHg, stage 1 hypertension BP is 140-159 or 90-99, and stage 2 hypertension >=160 or >=100 mmHg. each group was evaluated by gender. We used multiple regression and logistic regression. Results ： Normotension was 20.13% in males and 48.65% in female, prehypertension 43.4% in males and 38.06% in females, stage 1 hypertension 26.38% in males and 10.99% in females, stage2 hypertension 9.59% in males and 3.2% in females. the older age group had higher distribution of stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension. The means and abnormal rates of BMI, blood sugar, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP was higher when their blood pressure was higher. However, an alcohol habit among lifestyle factors had an inverse effect. Higher Bp was correlated to a higher BMI, FBS, and cholesterol-like dose response. In stage 1 hypertension, the related factors of hypertension for males were BMI, amount of cigarettes smoked, exercise, blood sugar, total cholesterol, and GTP. In stage 1 hypertension, age, BMI, exercise, blood sugar, total cholesterol were related factors in female. In stage 2 hypertension, age and smoking were related factors in male, and age, BMI, and cholesterol in female. Conclusions ： It is possible to intervene in all related factors of hypertension except age through life-style modification and appropriate medical management. Active health promotion is needed in School personnel.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the influence of the convergent lifestyles of the elderly consisting of physical exercise, smoking, drinking and social participation and the types of social participation on the risk of cognitive decline by using the 6th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). Total 4,298 people aged 65 or older were included. Results show that all of lifestyle factors are significantly effected to prevent cognitive decline, social participation was derived as the most important explanatory variable to lower the risk of cognitive decline. In addition, participating in the religious groups, ascriptive groups, and expressive groups lowered the risk of cognitive decline. Therefore, active support at the community and policy for improving the convergent lifestyle of the elderly are needed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2015

Background: Singapore has the stable healthcare system with utilizing pharmacist manpower in proper positions by demand of populations' health among Asian countries. Objective: This study aims to systematically review (1) the pharmacists' role and (2) the pharmacy education system of Singapore in comparison with Korea. Method: We searched for information about academic, medical and governmental institutions related to professional pharmacists' practice in Singapore by primarily using database such as DBpia, KISS, Google Scholar and ProQuest and the official website of the Singapore Ministry of Health. We contacted and arranged the visit schedules with National University of Singapore, National Health Group's polyclinics, Agency for Integrated Care, National University Hospital, and community chain pharmacies. During onsite visits, we interviewed pharmacists working in each institution and obtained additional documents and materials relevant to this manuscript work. Results: To become a registered pharmacist in Singapore, the pharmacy curriculum requires four full-time academic years and six additional months allotted for pre-registration training. Pharm.D. course is offered for pharmacy graduate students with additional two full-time years of study. Team teaching and inter professional education program seem the most significant method in pharmacy education. Pharmacists working at hospitals, polyclinics, and community pharmacies in Singapore take broader roles and offer more cognitive services such as smoking cessation program and medication reconciliation. Especially, pharmacists in Agency for Integrated Care fill the role of primary care providers for the continuing care of the community through the governmental support toward the patients-centered integrated care. Conclusion: Singaporean pharmacists take significant and active roles in collaboration with other healthcare providers. Efforts such as interprofessional pharmacy education and governmental endorsement of the systematic and interactive care between pharmacists and other medical providers in Singapore are needed to be urgently applied to Korea healthcare system for the promotion of population health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5075-5080
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• 2016

Purpose: Factors associated with ever-use and differences between ever-users and non-users of tobacco among adolescent school students from low income families in Mumbai were assessed. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, completed by 1918 students from grades 7, 8 and 9 in 12 schools managed by the city municipal corporation in July 2015, gathered data on socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco use and tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Results: Although only 1% of respondents thought tobacco was cool, nearly 35% were unaware of associations between tobacco use and health problems. Male students were almost twice as likely (OR=2.5, P <= 0.05) to have ever used tobacco compared to females and Supari (areca nut) users were eight times more likely (OR=8.99, P < 0.001) than Supari non -users. Tobacco-users were more likely to agree with statements: 'People who use tobacco have more friends' (OR=2.8, P = 0.004), 'Smoking relieves stress' (OR=5.6, P = 0.002) and 'It is possible to purchase any tobacco product within 100 yards of school' (OR=10.8, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the gains made by tobacco prevention campaigns in that almost all students did not consider tobacco as cool or a stress reliever. However, they still need education about health consequences of tobacco-use. In addition, Supari use has to be addressed in school-based tobacco prevention and cessation initiatives. Furthermore, programs must also address perceptions and norms related to peers and tobacco use and ensure active implementation of existing laws. Such integrated measures will help ensure tobacco-free spaces around schools.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect between job stress in jobholders and xerostomia. Methods : 250 jobholders living in Jecheon city were the subjects of this questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of three contents and 37 items: general characteristic(13), job stress(14), degree & behavior of xerostomia(10). The data were analyzed by two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA to examine the subjects general characteristics, job stress and degree of xerostomia and were analyzed by Chi-square test to examine the subjects general characteristics, job stress and behavior of xerostomia. Results : Only 215 jobholders were evaluated due to inadequate responses. The results were as follow. 1. As general characteristic of jobholder, male(83.7%) were more than women(16.3%), 30~39 year-old(47%) in age variable, university graduation(63.7%) in the last educational background variable, 2~3 million won(31.2%) in the month average income variable, 1~5 year(33.5%) in tour of duty variable, non-smoker(47.9%) in smoking variable were most. Married(58.6%) were more than unmarried(39.5%). Alcoholic(69.8%) were more than non-alcoholic(30.2%). 2. As classification of job stress, high strain group was 28.4%, active group was 26%, low strain group was 24.2%, passive group was 21.4%. 3. Analysis of effect between general characteristic and degree & behavior of xerostomia showed smoker were statistical significantly higher than non-smoker on 'dry eat', 'Am-sal', 'Night awake', 'Slip-liq'and 'Gumcandy'(p<0.05) and showed alcoholic were statistical significantly higher than non-alcoholic on 'Dry PM', 'Night awake, $H_2O$-bed'(p<0.05). 4. Analysis of effect between job stress and degree & behavior of xerostomia showed hight strain group were statistical significantly higher than low strain group on 'Dry PM', 'Dry-day', 'Am-sal', 'Eff-life'and 'Night awake'(p<0.05). Conclusions : As high strain group were higher than other groups on degree & behavior of xerostomia, stress would be factor that have an effect on xerostomia. Thus consider and management of stress is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to offer basic data in order to make it possible for becoming the mentally more matured dental hygienist by being aware of stress factors on employment in preliminary dental hygienists and examining a coping plan according to it. The self-administered questionnaire research was carried out targeting Dental Hygiene Students at 4 colleges in metropolitan area for 1 month from October to November in 2007. Totally 209 questionnaires were collected. Among them, 206 copies were analyzed with methods in frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA analysis by using SPSS WIN10.0 statistical program. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. 84.5% out of subjects were the active students. 95.2% and over 95.6%, respectively, were surveyed to be more than 'moderate' as for the academic achievement level and the satisfaction with college life. 2. the majority in the survey subjects were researched to receive high stress as for 'a guiding professor doesn't lead and have interest in my employment, thereby being disappointing' and 'failing to be employed is likely to lead to hurting pride so much'. 3. a coping type with stress in the survey subjects was researched to select a coping plan much as for 'sincerely hoping for the work to be well done', 'going out for a change', 'establishing a few countermeasures for solving a problem', 'overeating', and 'waiting while thinking it to be solved some time.' 4. most of stress factors had high correlation with a coping type with saying of 'trying to be alone as a whole', and had high correlation with 'failing to be employed is likely to lead to hurting pride so much' and 'overeating'. Even additionally, it was surveyed to have high correlation with 'smoking' and 'depending on the past experience'.