• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

1960년대 이후에 추진된 국가경제개발과 함께 지속적으로 건설되기 시작한 우리나라의 도로는 2003년말 현재 총 도로연장 약 97,000km, 그 중에 고속도로가 약 2,800km에 이르게 되었으며, 국가경제와 사회, 문화발전에 지대한 공헌을 하였고 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 이와 함께 도로사업에 대한 국민의 관심이 증가하여 서울외곽순환도로 사패산 구간 등의 경우에는 불교계와 환경단체의 반대로 약 1년 8개월간의 공사중단사태가 발생하기도 하였으며, 1997년에 기본계획이 수립된 강남순환도로는 아직까지 공사가 착공하고 있지 못한 상태로써 국가가 주도적으로 사업을 시행하고 대다수 국민들이 이를 수동적으로 수용하던 과거와는 달리 최근에는 국민의 의식수준향상과 정책에의 참여욕구가 증대되고 또한 환경에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 대규모도로사업에 대한 반대 및 물리적인 충돌로 사업시행이 지체되면서 국가 경제적인 손실로 갈등이 빈번히 발생되고 있는 실정이다. 선진 외국의 경우에는 도로사업의 효율적인 추진을 위하여 약 20-30년 전부터 국민참석 (주민참여, Public Involvement)기법을 적극적으로 도입하여 시행하고 있으며 이러한 시점에서 국가적으로 중요한 도로사업의 정책방향수립을 위하여 도로사업의 단계별 추진과정과 문제점을 점검하여 적극적인 국민참여의 방안을 제시하여 도로사업에 있어서의 원활한 추진을 도모하기 위한 국민참여형 도로사업의 정책방향이 제시되어야 한다. 도로사업의 원활한 시행을 위한 국민참여형 도로계획의 수립방안을 실현하기 위하여는 다음과 같은 개선방안이 시행되어야 할 것이다. 첫째 사업의 투명성과 객관성 확보방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 기존 갈등에 대한 합의사례를 바탕으로 합리적인 조정방안과 기준이 제시되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 도로사업의 원활한 추진을 위한 국민참여형 도로계획은 우리나라의 여건상 점진적으로 도입, 확대되어야 할 것이며, 마지막으로 사전교육을 위한 전문가 양성, 관계자의 교육 및 훈련프로그램 등에 대한 방안을 검토하여야 한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.33.1-33.8
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• 2014

Background: Sox 9 is a major marker of chondrocyte differentiation. When chondrocytes are cultured in vitro they progressively de-differentiate and this is associated with a decline in Sox 9 expression. The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ has been shown to be protective of cartilage in both humans and animals. In this study equine articular chondrocytes were grown in culture and the effects of 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ upon Sox 9 expression examined. The expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels 5 and 6 in equine chondrocytes in vitro, we have previously shown, is inversely correlated with de-differentiation. The expression of these channels in response to 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ administration was therefore also examined. Results: The active form of vitamin D (1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ when administered to cultured equine chondrocytes at two different concentrations significantly increased the expression of Sox 9 at both. In contrast 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ had no significant effect upon the expression of either TRPV 5 or 6 at either the protein or the mRNA level. Conclusions: The increased expression of Sox 9, in equine articular chondrocytes in vitro, in response to the active form of vitamin D suggests that this compound could be utilized to inhibit the progressive de-differentiation that is normally observed in these cells. It is also supportive of previous studies indicating that $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ can have a protective effect upon cartilage in animals in vivo. The previously observed correlation between the degree of differentiation and the expression levels of TRPV 5/6 had suggested that these ion channels may have a direct involvement in, or be modulated by, the differentiation process in vitro. The data in the present study do not support this.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권sup1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

Multicultural scholarship in sport and exercise psychology should help us understand and apply cultural competencies for all to be physically active. In the present study, two Asian countries, Japan and Singapore, were chosen. The participation rate for physical activities among adolescent girls tends to be lower than that of boys in both countries. Thus, the purpose of the project was to gain knowledge and understanding about sociocultural factors that may explain adolescent girls' perceptions and behaviors toward sport, physical activity, and physical education (PE). A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with focus groups was used to understand meanings of physical activity among Buddhist Japanese, and Hindu Indians and Christian Chinese from Singapore. Each focus group consisted of four or five girls and female researchers. Based on the analysis, we created four themes which were "cultural identities", "Asian girls and sport/physical activities", "PE experiences", "motivation for future involvement". The Buddhist Japanese, Hindu Indian, and Christian Chinese participants each reported unique physical activity experiences, and all the participants were aware of how Asian culture may affect being physically active. Experiences of PE classes were similar but perceptions of their PE attire were different for Christian Chinese and Hindu Indian adolescent girls. Based on the results, the importance of nurturing cultural competencies and ways to encourage girls to be physically active throughout life were discussed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

For the implementation of innovative products or services companies use different innovation strategies, in particular, outsourcing is quite widespread, given the high level of specialization and professionalism of companies that provide such services. The aim of this article was to evaluate the link between outsourcing of innovative activities and indicators of companies' efficiency. The methodology of the research includes the methods of correlation analysis and regression analysis to reveal the correlation between the use of outsourcing of innovative products and services and the turnover of the EU enterprises. The results show a high level of innovative activity of EU enterprises (50.3% innovatively active). Innovative business processes are the most widespread form of innovation activity (41% of enterprises implement business processes, and the indicator is higher than 41% in the most developed EU countries). The turnover of enterprises with new or substantially improved products was found to grow by 10.92% for the period 2016-2018. The correlation analysis shows weak direct links between the indicator of turnover growth and the number of enterprises that have independently implemented innovations, or have implemented innovations jointly with third-party companies, or using outsourcing services. The highest level of direct connection was found between the growth of turnover of enterprises that launched a new product for the market and the growth of the number of enterprises that implemented innovations with the involvement of organizations (correlation 0.273). Based on the regression analysis it was found that with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of innovation-active enterprises, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products increased by 5.67%. At the same time, with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of enterprises that implement innovation through outsourcing, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products will increase by 7.15%.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.141-156
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to develop 『Korean Maternal Behavior Inverntory』(KMBI). The subjects were 712 mothers of 4th-6th grade elementary school children from 5 urban cities in Korea. Item analysis. Cronbach's α, Pearson's r, Factor analysis, and Percentile norms were conducted for the purpose of the study. The major findings were as follows; 1. By the method of item analysis and factor analysis, 51 items were selected for the scale of maternal behavior. 2. A factor analysis showed 7 factors(Reasoning guidance, Affect, Antliorian Control, Achievement, Overprotection, Active Involvement, Limit Setting) as separated domains from each others. 3. The reliablity coefficient of the scale was ranged from 62 to 81 sufficient to secure reliability. 4. Percentile ranks were drived from the total score and quartiles were calculted for the each of seven factor's scores. The present study presents a potentially highly useful way of measuring maternal behavior of 4th-6th grade elementary school children in Korea.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between the type of gender role identity and home environmental variables. Method: This study used a descriptive survey design and convenience sampling. Data were collected through self report questionnaires from 1,497 female high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program, which included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi square test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. Results: The androgyny gender role identity was most common (33.9%). The type of gender role identity had a significant correlation with home environmental variables (economic status, relationship with parents, father's education level, mother's education level. noninterference, reasonable guidance, affection, overprotection, achievement, active involvement, limit setting). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide parent education programs to help female adolescents develop gender role identity toward androgyny.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2007

Marine bacteria, actionmycetes and fungal strains were isolated from continental slope sediment of the Bay of Bengal and studied for fatty acid profile to investigate their involvement in the benthic food-web. Fifteen different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from bacterial isolates, 14 from actinomycetes and fungal isolates were detected. The total unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial isolates ranged from 11.85 to 37.26%, while the saturated fatty acid ranged between 42.34 and 80.74%. In actinomycetes isolates, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 27.86 to 38.85% and saturated fatty acids ranged from 35.29 to 51.25%. In fungal isolates unsaturated fatty acids ranged between 44.62 and 65.52% while saturated FA ranged from 20.80 to 46.30%. The higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids from the microbial isolates are helpful in anticipating the active participation in the benthic food-web of Bay of Bengal.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1977

Mediastinoscopy is a surgical endoscopic technique used mainly for examination and biopsy of lesions of the superior and posterior middle mediastinum. It is particularly concerned with diseases that primarily or secondary involve the paratracheal and parabronchial lymphatics. A total of 18 cases of mediastinoscopy are presented with a detailed analysis of indications and results. Of these mediastinoscopy was positive in i0 [56%] and negative in 8 [44%]. The 10 positive mediastinoscopies were diagnostic in 4 patients with malignant lymphoma, 5 patients with carcinoma of the lung, one patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Of 8 negative mediastinoscopies, one was inoperable due to recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement, 7 patients were subjected to radical resection. Complications of mediastinoscopy were developed in 2 cases, one was minimal degree of subcutaneous emphysema on anterior chest wall, and the other was widening of right mediastinal border due to hematoma. Two complications were completely absorbed after 7 days.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride, bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride ($Cp_2TiCl_2$), and bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride were used in the polymerization of styrene without the aid of Group I-III cocatalysts. The properties of the resulting polymer indicated that polymerization was more controlled than in thermal polymerization. The kinetic studies indicated that a lower level of termination is present and that the polymer chain can be extended by adding an additional monomer. To elucidate the mechanism of polymerization, a series of experiments was performed. All results supported the involvement of a radical mechanism in the polymerization using $Cp_2TiCl_2$. The possibility of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism was investigated by isolating the intermediate species. We could confirm the activation step from the reaction of 1-PEC1 with $Cp_2TiCl$ by detecting the coupling product of the generated active radicals. However, the reversible deactivation reaction competes with other side reactions, and it detection was difficult with our model system.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to discover how the use of digital applications can affect students' attitudes toward positive classroom participation and performance in learning a foreign language. Participants of this study were 128 students who took a foreign language class at a high school in central Korea. To find out students' perceptions and attitudes toward the effect of using a digital application for their foreign language study, online questionnaire and focus-group interview were conducted. Our research findings revealed that these students could engage in active language learning and experience learning improvement while studying a foreign language with digital applications. The improvement was possible by creating more interactive activities and quizzes. In addition, the digital application provided students immediate feedback. It gave students and teachers various motivations beyond the traditional 'chalk and talk' format of text-only-classes. This study provides an overview of the usefulness of digital application. In addition, it provides understanding for students' perceptions and involvement using digital application in a foreign language classroom.