• BMB Reports
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

Overwintering plants should survive the various biotic and abiotic stresses that occur during winter. Previous studies indicated that active oxygen species are involved in freezing, dehydration, anoxia and pathogen infections. As the importance of the events that occur in the intercellular compartment became apparent in disease resistance, we examined the nature of intercellular antioxidant enzymes in order to access their possible involvement in the winter hardiness of barley. The levels of intercellular peroxidase, catalase, and SOD activities on the unit protein basis were 394, 18, and 9% of those of cellular activities, respectively. Major intercellular peroxidase isoforms consisted of four neutrals and four basic forms; whereas major cellular isoforms were two basic forms. Out of the two major catalase isoforms a higher molecular weight form was predominantly abundant in both cellular and intercellular compartments. Among the five major cellular SOD isoforms, three were also present in the intercellular compartment. The presence of substantial amounts of intercellular antioxidant enzymes in overwintering barley leaves may suggest the involvement of these enzymes in the tolerance mechanism to the various stresses that occur during winter.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

We present a unified explanation of the internationalization strategies of major mobile network operators (MNOs). We have developed a framework that analyzes the strategies of major international MNOs in terms of the relationship between their degree of involvement in international business operations and the degree of equity participation. The results show a positive association between these two dimensions as expected, but they also reveal some exceptional cases in which certain MNOs are actively involved in the business operations of other foreign MNOs, even with minor (or zero) equity investments. In this paper, we argue that the strategic actions of the major MNOs which are the largest shareholders of foreign MNOs are in an equilibrium status because these major MNOs derive maximum benefit from full or considerable management control and active involvement. Finally, we predict that latecomers (MNOs who are just about to enter foreign telecommunications markets) may adopt an incremental investment approach because most developed markets and deregulated emerging markets with growth potential are already preempted by major MNOs. Therefore, the window of opportunity for internationalization in those markets is currently small.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5615-5620
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• 2013

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a protein of highly conserved nature which works as a molecular chaperone and is mostly found in nucleoli. NPM also involved in the maturation of preribosomes and duplication of centrosomes. Furthermore, it is also active in control and regulation of the ARF-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. A high rate of incidence and prognostic involvement is reported by various authors in AML patients. In AML it behaves as a favorable prognostic marker. NPM mutations are more frequently associated with normal-karyotype AML and are usually absent in patients having abnormal or poor cytogenetic. NPM mutations are not frequent in other hematopoietic tumors. Two main types of mutations have been described to date. Both of these cause abnormal cytoplasmic localization of NPM1. Their high incidence rate in normal karyoptype and their favorable nature m ake those mutations hot spot or front face mutations which should be checked before treatment starts.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2024

Background: This research suggested a method for evaluating health and safety performance as a combination of reactive and active monitoring. Methods: A number of Freedom of Information requests (FoI) were sent to the Health and safety Executive (HSE) and 100 UK universities. Data on the number of reportable incidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences were compiled for UK universities and combined with the Impact Ranking for good health and well-being. A semi-structured survey was used to identify best H&S practices. Subsequently, the effect of workers' involvement in H&S management on RIDDOR and near-miss reports, was investigated using statistical analysis. Results: A ranking of UK universities that perform highly in Health and Safety (H&S) was assembled and selected universities were contacted to identify best practices. Best practices were divided into three categories: team management, roles and responsibilities, and H&S performance monitoring. One of the findings demonstrated a reverse dependence between provision of a refresher training in risk assessments and a number of reported RIDDOR incidents. Conclusion: Health and Safety professionals in the universities may find it useful to reflect on these findings and the identified best practices in order to improve the H&S performance in their own organisations.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.357-372
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to 1) segment female adolescent consumers into consumer groups displaying different consumer decision-making styles 2) to determine the consumer characteristics(clothing involvement information search store patronage and demographic variables) that related to each consumer segment and 3) to identify the interrelationship between the consumer characteristics. Decision-making styles were measured by 32 seven-point Likert type scales adapted from Sproles & Kendall and Shim & Kot A total of 78 statements dealing with three aspects of consumer characteristics was adapted from previous research. Data were collected from 567 2nd grade female middle and high school students in Seoul via self-administered questionnaires. and were analysed by frequency factor analysis ANOVA cluster analysis χ2 -test and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study were as follows: As a results of cluster analysis and ANOVA on seven factors of desion-making styles(1. brand-consiousness 2. novelty/fashion-consciousness 3. recreational/hedonis-tic orientation, 4. impulsive/carelessness, 5. price-consciousness/value-for-money, 6. perfectionism/high quality orientation 7. habitual/brand-royal consciousness) three consumer groups were identified and labeled as puality-oriented/non-utlitarian shoppers price-oriented shoppers and apathetic shoppers. Quality-oriented/non-utilitarian shoppers showed the highest clothing involvement scores of all aspects the highest consumer knowledge/experience most active ongoing information search and prepurchase information search. They preferred department store and franchise store for apparel shopping and considered service/reliability atmosphere variety of goods as important store attributes, Price-oriented shoppers showed prepurchase information search and planned purchase behavior actively. They preferred factory outlet store specialty stre and considered price very important as store attributes. Apathetic shoppers showed the lowest scores of all aspects of clothing involvement and most passive behavior in information search activities except showing the highest planned purchase. They preferred regional markets.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2014

본 연구는 양성평등사회가 진행되는 과정에서 가정과 교과서에 제시된 아버지 역할이 어떻게 변화해 왔는지를 파악하여, 양성평등 관점에서 아버지 역할의 기준 마련을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 가정과 교과서 본문과 사진 및 삽화에 나타난 아버지 역할을 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 제1차부터 2007 개정까지의 교육과정에 기초하여 집필된 고등학교 가정과 교과서 총34권을 분석 대상으로, 교과서 본문과 보충자료, 그리고 사진 및 삽화에 대한 내용분석과 계량분석을 하였다. 이를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제1차~3차 교육과정에 기초한 가정과 교과서에서는 전통적 아버지의 역할만 서술되고 있었으며, 사진과 삽화에서도 구체적인 아버지의 역할은 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 제4차~5차 교육과정에 기초한 가정과 교과서에서는 가사 분담을 하는 아버지의 모습이 등장하는 등 아버지 역할에 변화가 시작되었다. 셋째, 제6차 교육과정에 기초한 교과서에서의 아버지는 자녀 양육의 공동책임자로, 육아와 가사 분담에 보다 적극적인 역할이 제시되고 있었다. 넷째, 제7차~2007 개정 교육과정에 기초한 가정과 교과서에의 아버지는 양육의 역할이 강조되어 제시되고 있었다. 특히, 양성평등사회를 더욱 지향하기 위해 아버지의 가사, 일 우선 사고의 시정, 양성평등 관련 내용 등 다양한 내용이 제시되었다. 이상의 결과를 통해, 가정과 교과서에서는 양성평등 관련 내용이나 양성평등 관점의 아버지 역할 내용 서술은 꾸준히 증가되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 여전히 가정 내 아버지 역할에서 성 역할 분업의 혼재, 사회 요구에 대해 임시방편적인 반응 모습 등 문제점이 남아 있었다. 이의 개선을 위해 가정과교육 전공자 및 가족생활교육 전공자의 공론의 장이 마련될 필요가 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2010

虚拟社区(virtual community, VC)今年来发展迅速, 越来越多的人参与到虚拟社区中交换信息和分享观点. 虚拟社区是通过计算机布告板和网络进行非面对面的知识和语言交流的一种大众集合体. B2C电子商务网站虚拟社区则是商业性的虚拟社区, 通过培养信任环境来促进消费者在该网站的购买行为. B2CVC通过信息交流, 如推荐, 评论, 买者与卖者评级等, 来建立社会性的氛围. 目前, 虽然学术界已经认识到B2CVC的重要性, 但是关于社区成员的口碑传播行为的研究还不充分. 本研究提出了一个理论模型, 探讨在B2C网站社区中参与度, 满意度, 信任度, 粘度和口碑传播之间的关系. 本研究的目的有三个: 1, 通过整合信念, 态度和行为的测量来实证检验B2C网站社区模型; 2, 更好地理解各因素对口碑传播的影响关系; 3, 更好地理解B2C网站社区黏度在CRM营销中的作用. 研究模型包含以下要素: 1, 社区成员的信念变量, 通过参与度来测量; 2, 社区成员的态度变量, 通过满意度和信任度来测量; 以及3, 社区成员的行为变量, 通过网站黏度和口播传播意愿来测量. 参与度是消费者在虚拟社区的参与动机. 对于社区成员来说, 信息的查找和发布是他们参与到社区的主要目的. 满意度是成员对社区整体评价的重要指标, 反映了成员与社区的交互程度. 虚拟社区的形成与发展依靠成员分享信息和服务的自愿程度. 研究者已经发现信任是促进匿名交互的关键, 因此构建信任被看作是虚拟社区的重要研究课题. 此外, 虚拟社区的成功依靠成员的粘度来提高购买潜力. 社区成员间的观点交流和信息交换代表一种 "写作式" 的口碑传播. 因此口碑传播是推动B2C虚拟社区在互联网上扩散的主要因素之一. 研究模型及假设如图一所示. 本研究通过实证调查中国携程旅游网虚拟社区成员来验证模型. 数据收集过程中共发放243份问卷, 其中有效问卷204份. 通过实证数据验证了参与度, 满意度和信任度影响粘度和口碑传播之间的假设关系. 结构方程模型(SEM)方法用来进行数据分析. 模型的拟合指数结果为χ2/df 是2.76, NFI是 .904, IFI是 .931, CFI是 .930, 以及RMSEA是 .017. 结果表明, 参与度对满意度具有显著的影响(p<0.001, ${\beta}$=0.809). 参与度可以解释满意度的方差比例超过50%, 调整R2为0.654. 参与度对信任度具有显著影响(p<0.001, ${\beta}$=0.751), 解释率为57%, 调整R2为0.563. 此外, 满意度对黏度的影响显著(${\beta}$=0.514), 但是信任度对黏度的影响并不显著(p=0.231, t=1.197). 黏度对口碑传播的影响显著, 且解释率超过80%, 调整R2为 0.846. 总之, 研究结果支持了大部分的研究假设, 但是信任度显著影响粘度的假设没有得到支持. 本研究丰富了电子商务网站虚拟社区的学术研究成果, 深入探讨了在B2C电子商务环境下的用户信念, 态度和行为等因素. 研究成果有助于实践者进行更有针对性的资源开发和市场开拓. 网络营销人员可以针对B2C网站社区来有针对性地制定营销策略, 如对于国际旅游业务, 营销人员可以针对中国的B2C网站社区用户开展营销活动, 如为活跃的用户提供特殊折扣以及为早期参与者提高社区黏度定制营销计划等. 未来的研究应该拓展社区成员行为的研究, 并在不同的行业, 社区和文化背景下开展研究.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

The term pharmacognosy as applied to a constituent scientific discipline of Korean Medical Food (KMF) has been in use for nearly several years, and it refers to studies on the pharmacological properties of natural products foods. During the last half of the 20th century, pharmacognosy for KMF evolved from being a descriptive botanical subject to one having a more chemical and biological focus. At the beginning of the 21st century, teaching pharmacognosy for KMF teaching in academic culinary arts and natural healing institutions has been given new relevance as a result of the explosive growth in the use of herbal foods (health foods) in modern KMF practice. In turn, pharmacognosy for KMF research areas are continuing to expand, and now include aspects of cellular and molecular biology in relation to natural products, ethnobotany and phytotherapy, in addition to the more traditional analytical method development and phytochemistry. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained in two multidisciplinary natural product KMF development and discovery projects, aimed at the elucidation of new plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents and novel cancer chemopreventives, respectively. The systematic study of KMF offers pharmacognosy groups an attractive new area of research, ranging from investigating the biologically active principles of KMF and their mode of action and potential active substance interactions, to sanitary and quality control, and involvement in clinical trials.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 International Conference
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• pp.527-535
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• 2007

The number of SMEs taking up information systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning has been growing rapidly, and many of those organizations have stepped into the stage of ongoing use at this point. Thus, research which takes into account idiosyncratic nature of SME environment is more important than before. Through an empirical study using survey method, we tried to examine the importance of end user's feedback seeking behavior in SMEs and how environmental factors affecting such behavior reinforce and interact with the feedback seeking behavior itself. The result shows that end user's active role as a voluntary feedback seeker is important in utilizing information systems in accordance with the initial design intention in ongoing use environment. Furthermore, in order to facilitate such feedback seeking behavior in SME environment, it is essential that management's involvement and communicating to its employees the importance of effectively utilizing the information systems as well as the support of peer IT champ.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2001

Total Quality Management(TQM) is the source of competitive advantage for the enterprise faced with the dynamic change of the environment as the customer satisfaction era, unlike the past marketing era. It can have an effect on the strategical choice of the enterprise and becomes a new spotlight of management strategy in business administration recently with various techniques of organizational innovation, such as business re-engineering, benchmarking and so on. The TQM which has an essential part of a Risk Response Process is recognized as strategic aspects in Risk Management. TQM means the total management system that realizes management philosophy of customer satisfaction through continuous improvement and innovational thoughts on the basis of top-management＇s leadership and employees＇ involvement, policy of quality management, customer focus, development of human resources, empowered work forces, and supplier relationships. The data investigating the business performance effect of active factors in TQM based on the shipping firms were collected from 250 shipping firms in Korea by the use of questionnaire method and personal interviews at the selected samples.