• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2015

Since 1795, 106 districts in Japan have been selected as Important Historic Preservation Districts (Juuyo dentouteki kenzoubutsugun hozon chiku [Juudenken]). The system for protection of cultural properties enables the local government to name a "Preservation District" and allows for the development of a preservation plan based on local ordinances. Moreover, the well-organized, bottom-up networks, which are groups for community development activities on the basis of local participation, play an important role in raising awareness and conducting several preservation projects in their own towns. This study mainly focused on cultural resources management in the local community. The system, which possibly bridged the gap between the local authorities and the community, was revealed. Fifty non-profit groups and active citizens, who were engaged in an advanced stage of community participation in Juudenken, were selected to be interviewed. The results then were analyzed using STAT program. The significant associations were shown by mapping the associations related to the public process of community involvement. Each variable had its own significant meaning and contributed credible indirect association to community involvement. The network mapping indicated that balancing the local economy and technical conservation was important in generating community involvement, which provided a model on how local authorities and communities could articulate and maintain their own cultural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Using a subsample of 3,409 unmarried smothers and their children from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, the present study examined the cross-lagged effects of unmarried fathers' involvement on their children's behavior problems. Father involvement was used as a latent variable to measure the frequency of fathers' visits to the child, fathers' instrumental support, and their supportive parenting. Both variables of father involvement and child behavior problems were repeatedly measured at child ages 3, 5, and 9 to estimate their trends over time. The results indicated that fathers' more active engagement in parenting at child ages 3 to 5 reduced behavior problems in children at ages 5 to 9. Further discussions include programs and services to support unmarried fathers through education and training opportunities for effective parenting, relationship skills, and conflict resolutions as well as policy strategies to encourage their continuous involvement in the lives of their children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.885-903
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• 2011

This study aims at examining the extent to which older people participating in the Seniors' Job Programme do involve in policy-making and implementation processes of the programme. The study is based on qualitative interviews with seven experts among those involved in the policy process in District A of Seoul. They include civil servants of central and local governments and social workers of implementing bodies such as seniors' welfare centres and job centres. The results show that firstly, practically no direct involvement of participants is being made at the policy-making level, due mainly to the traditional top-down approach of policy process in Korea and also to prejudices of public servants concerned on the current senior citizens' capability as contributor to public policy-making. User-involvement is being made, however, at the implementation level: participants are making, although minor, suggestions for improvements of working conditions and they are being listened to by frontline social workers. Support by the implementing institutions turns out to be necessary for this. Lastly, in contrast with the present, many interview participants are expecting a more active participation from the future generation, i.e. the baby-boom generation when they would have retired. The study concludes by calling for enhancement of institutional and capacity-building support for active user involvement in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.25
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• pp.233-247
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• 1995

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of clothing involvement, to group elderly women into life style types. A method of this study was face to face re-search and questionnaire. Questionnaire was comprised of four sections : 18 Likert type items of clothing involvement measure ; 26 Likert type items of life style measure ; 3 items of clothing purchase measure ; and 3 demographic variables. Samples were 215 elderly women(60∼79 years of age) in Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed using factor analy-sis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Dun-can's multiple range test,χ2 test. The results of the study were the follow-ings. 1. Four factors of clothing involvement derived by factor analysis : F.1 'clothing pleasure'; F.2 'clothing symbolism' ; F.3 'perceived risk in clothing purchase' ; F.4 'clothing interest'. 2. Four factors of life style derived by factor analysis : F.1 'active-leisure';F.2 'confidence oriented';F.3 'appearance interest';F.4 'house-work interest and community conciousness'. Three types of life style were defined by the cluster analysis of the 4 factors : T.1 'passive stag-nation'; T.3'outside activity'. 3. There were significant differences in clothing involvement factors according to life style types. Outside activity type perceived 'clothing pleasure' highest level among 3 life style types. Outside activity type and house-work and positive living type perceived 'cloth-ing symbolism' and 'clothing interest' higher level than did passive stagnation types. 4. Elderly women high in educational level were more distributed in outside activity type and the low in educational level in passive stagnation types. 5. There were significant relationships be-tween life style types and source of a clothing allowance, clothing purchase frequency, and a companion of dress store.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.232-240
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive survey study was designed to identify the stress coping types of married immigrant pregnant women and find out the differences in maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity based on each types. Methods: 151 married immigrant women who visited 3 women's hospitals located in J-do for pre-pregnancy checkup were selected as study objects. Data were analyzed by dsecriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ multiple comparison test. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct stress coping styles; low stress-coping involvement social support-oriented type, high stress-coping involvement hopeful thinking type, low stress-coping involvement type, effective stress coping types. Women frequently using effective stress coping type among the four types reported higher maternal-fetal attachment. The group of active coping styles got significantly higher score on maternal identity. Conclusion: Proper stress coping of married immigrant pregnant women regarding pregnancies proved to result in high levels of maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity. Studies measuring the stress coping styles that affect pregnancies should be continuously conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.189-201
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to validate the KMBI(Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory). Subjects were 1179 mothers of 4th-6th graders in the elementary schools from 5 small and medium cities and 5 urban cities in Korea. Pearson's γ, Cronbach's α, Cramer'sν, one-way ANOVA were conducted for the statistical analyses. The major findings were as follows. 1. The reliability coefficient of the scale (α) were ranged 0.62-0.79 and 0.70-0.82. 2. The discriminant coefficients(ν)of the item were ranged 0.40-0.83. 3. By the analysis of multitrait-multimethod matrix, convergent validity coefficients(γ) were ranged 0.28-0.66: and discriminant validity coefficients(γ) were ranged 0.28-0.66. 4. Significant sex differences were found in the scores of Affection, Overprotection, Achievement, and Achieve Involvement: significant SES differences were found in the scores of Reasoning Guidance, Affection, Overprotection, Achievement, & Active Involvement: and significant region differences were found in the scores of Authoritarian Control and Achievement.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.

• Advances in robotics research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2014

Study results in the last decades show that amount and quality of physical exercises, then the active participation, and now the cognitive involvement of patient in rehabilitation training are known of crux to enhance recovery outcome of motor dysfunction patients after stroke. Rehabilitation robots mainly have been developing along this direction to satisfy requirements of recovery therapy, or focusing on one or more of the above three points. Therefore, neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot has been proposed for assisting paralyzed limb performing designed tasks, which utilizes motor related EEG, UCSDI (Ultrasound Current Source Density Imaging), EMG for rehabilitation robot control and feeds back the multi-sensory interaction information such as visual, auditory, force, haptic sensation to the patient simultaneously. This neuro-controlled and perceptual rehabilitation robot will bring great benefits to post-stroke patients. In order to develop such kind of robot, some key technologies such as noninvasive precise detection of neural signal and realistic sensation feedback need to be solved. There are still some grand challenges in solving the fundamental questions to develop and optimize such kind of neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to define the types of the lifestyles of senior consumers and identify the differences in the properties of apparel products and the apparel attitudes. To collect the data for this study, questionnaires for the research were distributed from November 20, 2006 to December 15, 2006 to those over 50 living in Seoul, Pusanand Kyunggi and 302 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, six factors were extracted which were "Pursuit of Self-development", "Pursuit of Active Life", "Pursuit of Material", "Pursuit of Diversity", "Pursuit of Family-oriented" and "Pursuit of Recreational Life" after factor analysis of lifestyles recognized by the senior consumers that participated in this study. Second, the lifestyles of the senior consumers were categorized into "Consumption-oriented Type", "Personal Satisfaction-oriented Type", "Family Weighted Type" and "Recreation-oriented Type." Third, three factors were extracted which were "Symbolical Property", "Functional Property" and "Customer Support Property" after conducting the factor analysis on the properties of apparel products. Fourth, significant differences were shown in apparel properties by the lifestyle types of senior consumers in the symbolical property and the customer support property. The "symbolical property" was shown highest in "recreation-oriented type" and lowest in the "family weighted type." The customer support property was shown highest in the "family weighted type" and lowest in the "recreation-oriented type", showing the opposite result. Fifth, significant differences were shown in apparel attitudes by the lifestyle types of senior consumers in "Fashion Innovativeness", "Apparel Involvement" and "Apparel Necessity." The "fashion innovativeness" was shown highest in the "recreation-oriented type" and lowest in the "family weighted type." The apparel involvement and the necessity for apparel for senior citizens was shown high in the "recreation-oriented type" and this showed that the senior consumers valuing recreation also value fashion, have high apparel involvement and feel the necessity for apparel for senior citizens.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1165-1169
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• 2013

To elucidate the role of PKG isoforms in transcriptional control of cyclin D1, we employed a series of expression vectors of PKG $1{\alpha}$ and PKG $1{\beta}$ which encode HA-tagged wild type and constitutively active (SD and ${\Delta}N$) mutants. Our present study demonstrates that both the constitutively active mutants of PKG $1{\beta}$ downregulate the transcription of cyclin D1 when transiently transfected in NIH3T3 cells, whereas PKG $1{\alpha}$ mutants show weak inhibition. We further studied the transcriptional regulators of cyclin D1, such as, c-fos, NF-${\kappa}B$, and CRE by using the luciferase reporter assay. Constitutively active mutants of PKG $1{\beta}$ showed marked transcriptional downregulation of c-fos in NIH3T3 cells, whereas PKG $1{\alpha}$ downregulated c-fos to a lesser extent. We also found that the constitutively active mutants of PKG negatively regulated the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and CRE, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of cyclin D1.