• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the status of care-giving for the demented elderly and to find out the need of community in-house care services-day care services, short-term care services, home help services, and home care services. Method: It analyzed the data of 186 old people having dementia, and caregivers. Data were collected for five days, in September 2002. Results: The caregivers were mostly women and the burden for the care giving was high (87.5%). They used community care services, that is, day care services (26.5%), home care services (21.6%), home help services 00.8%), short-term care services (6.2%). Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for day care services. Caregivers' education level was a statistically significant factor in the demand for short-term care services and home help services. Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for home care services. Conclusions: It is necessary to expand the financial aid for the active implementation of daytime protection for dementia-patients under medical treatment at home and to promote patients' recovery. It is necessary to enhance home help services and home care services, and to establish many day care centers and short term care centers. Through this, it will prevent caregivers from becoming burnt out due to the burden of care giving.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1591-1596
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• 2006

Acaricidal effects of materials derived from Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were assessed and compared with those evidenced by commercial benzyl benzoate and DEET. The observed responses varied according to dosage and mite species. The $LD_{50}$ values of the methanol extracts derived from C. sappan heartwoods were 6.13 and $5.44{\mu}g/cm^3$ against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from the methanol extract was approximately 8.71 more toxic than DEET against D. farinae, and 4.73 times more toxic against D. pteronyssinus. The biologically active constituent from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. sappan heartwood extract was purified via silica gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the acaricidal component was analyzed by $GC-MS,\;^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^1H-^{13}C\;COSY-NMR$, and DEPT-NMR spectroscopy, and identified as juglone (5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone). Based on the $LD_{50}$ values of juglone and its derivatives, the most toxic compound against D. farinae was juglone ($0.076{\mu}g/cm^3$), followed by benzyl benzoate ($9.143{\mu}g/cm^3$) and 2methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone ($40.0{\mu}g/cm^3$). These results indicate that the acaricidal activity of C. sappan heartwoods is likely to be the result of the effects of juglone. Additionally, juglone treatment was shown to effect a change in the color of the cuticles of house dust mites, from colorless-transparent to dark brownish-black. Accordingly, as a naturally occurring acaricidal agent, C. sappan heartwood-derived juglone should prove to be quite 'useful as a potential control agent, lead compound, and house dust mite indicator.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2010

In recent, as rediscovery of the modern value is developed through the support by the government and the reinterpretation of the traditional culture, a Korean-style house(Hanok) also becomes an object of interest. Among these various viewpoints to see the Korean-style house, the necessity of a new spatial design approach to contain the types and functions of the architectural space of the Hanok appropriate to the modern society is raised which is not a passive approach to preserve the existing cultural assets. Out of the methods of the new spatial design of the Hanok which reflect the paradigm of the times, this study has the purpose to make an approach from the viewpoint of 'Restoration design'. As the 21 st century started, the recycle design whose active discussion and performance is made largely by Europe and Japan can be called a design method in the hardware part which enables continuous adaptive use of a building by applying a new use purpose and method to a building which doesn't use the recycle design or has low efficiency. In that meaning, it can be considered to be a very important architectural activity historically, archltecturally and spatially. Based on the methodological characteristics of the recycle design, this study largely divides the types of recycle into coherent recycle and imagery recycle and dedto s detailed methods of space, consinto ion and material and wardrobe used for each case to analyze the methods of concrete recycle design through the methodological analysis of recycle cases of the existing modern buildings. For the objects of recycle cases of the Hanok made recently based on the design methods acquired here, it was examined how the architectural and spatial characteristics of the Hanok can be reconsinto ed through what kinrecycmethods. The approach of the recycle design is considered to be a cornerstone to show a new architectural and spatial value in the viewpoint of the Hanok existence in modern times.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

목적: 한국인을 대상으로 장년층과 노년층에서 남녀 각각 백내장 발병의 관련 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 40-95세까지 총 5,024명 (남자 2,163명, 여자 2,861명)을 대상으로 하였고, 남녀각각 연령에 따라 두 그룹으로 분류하였다(그룹 1: 40-64세, 그룹 2: 65-94세). 백내장은 적어도 한 눈에 수정체의 혼탁이 발견된 경우로 정의하였다. 남녀 각각 두 연령 그룹에서 당뇨, 고혈압, 고중성지방혈증, 실외 활동, 흡연과 음주 습관을 보정한 후에 비만과 사회경제적 요인으로 가구 소득수준과 최종학력을 기준으로 교육수준이 백내장의 발병에 영향을 미치는지 비차비 값을 구하였다. 결과: 소득수준과 교육수준은 남녀 모든 연령 그룹에서 백내장 발병과 강한 관련이 있었다. 모든 다른 요인들을 보정한 후에 최종 다중분석 모델에서 남자의 경우는 저 소득(그룹 1:OR, 1.84[1.17-2.91], 그룹 2: 3.47[2.53-4.74]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 3.00[1.90-4.74], 그룹 2: 7.44[5.41-10.23])과 실외 활동시간(그룹 2: OR, 1.26[1.06-1.49]이 백내장의 발병 위험을 높였다. 여자의 경우에는 저 소득(그룹 1: OR,1.72[1.14-2.60], 그룹 2: 2.32[1.70-3.16]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 4.48[2.72-7.38], 그룹 2: 29.99[20.31-44.28])과 비만(그룹 1: OR, 1.40[1.10-1.82], 그룹 2: 1.27[1.04-1.54])이 유의한 위험 요인이었다. 결론: 한국 성인 남녀에서 낮은 사회경제적 상태는 백내장의 위험 요인이었고, 특히 여성의 경우는 비만도 백내장과 관련이 있었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

Each ethnic group has different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contacts. The purpose of this study was to compare domestic living of Korean immigrants with Australians in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 52 Korean households and 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular type of Living-Dining-Kitchen arrangement was L+ K. D for Koreans and L. D . K for Australians. 2. A laundry room was indispensable for both and they all wanted to do ironing in there as well as dry. Both were satisfied with the type which toilet was separated from the bathroom Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Koreans and Australians. 3. Koreans and Australians were doing various activities in living area and both were getting together around kitchen(dining) area. The particular thing of Koreans was that they were using the main bedroom with multiple purpose. 4. The seating style of Koreans and Australians belong to chair-seating style generally. But Koreans were using floor seating style in making bed for the guest and making Kimchi. Koreans and Australians were using mixed style of floor seating and chair-seating in relaxing time with watching TV, treating guest or so. 5. Koreans were not satisfied with using carpet cause of dust but Australians were satisfied with the carpet cause of warmness. 6. Most Koreans and Australians were take off shoes inside of the house. Koreans were organize shoes around the front door of the house usually and Australians were organize shoes in bedroom usually. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for both. The level of satisfaction about ducted heating was low for Koreans because they though that it could contaminate air. Australians were satisfied with ducted heating because they though that this one was fit on the weather of this area. 8. Living room was the most important one for Koreans and Australians and they also thought it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. Most Koreans were estimate that the brightness of the light of the house was not enough but it was estimated to moderate for Australians on the contrary.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-115
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• 1980

Current statistics reveal remarkable prolongation of the average longevity in this country for the past decade. Welfare of the aged is no longer sole concern of the person or/and family. but has aroused social concern on the community and national level. This study was designed to assess social, economic and emotional needs of the aged. and to identify problems they are confronting. Data were gathered through questioning 273 subjects living in Seoul from July 25, to August 31. 19 80. Frequencies and percentile scores were analysed to describe the fact. and the significance of int or-variable differences was tested by Chi-square method. Results are : 1. Majority of the subjects (male : 65.38%). (female : 62.13%)“talk about past experiences”to re-collect their past days, the difference between male and female respondents was not significant. 2. Except few who earn their pocket money (4.21%). majority were doing household errands (34.52% ) and looking after their garnd children (29.26 ％）. Main sources of their pocket money revealed to be their children (84.02%) and their own savings (24.64% ). Except few (15％）engaged with social activities directly or indirectly. leisure hours are spent in chatting with aged neighbors (44.81%). Highest in the rank order on the joyous moments for the aged revealed to be when the members of family living apart paying a visit (male : 37.5%, female : 63.72%)difference of male and female was significant ( P<0.05). Among female respondents. significant difference between age group was revealed (p<0.05). 3. Majority prefered sin91e houses (84.30% ). as residential environment. the suburban (36.26% ) area was the filet in the rank order : difference between age group and the educational status were not significant. Majority of respondents revealed to have their own room in the house. The first preference was given to live with their children (68.86%). Memory of the past (37.36% )revealed to be the highest in the rank order among the reasons why they dislike moving the house. 4. Majority favored current welfare benefts provided for the old age. however. the ideal way to live at their old age they responded was to live on their own savings (50.54%). 5. Majority revealed to be daunted occasionally (62.27%) by not being less active (34.16%) socially and by poor physical health(29.75%). Male and female differ in the causes of loneliness significantly (P <0.001) : retirement (37.89%) in ale and helpessness (43.05%) in female revealed the highest in the rank order. Majority talk over their feelings with aged neighbors to overcome the loneliness. 6 Majority were in favor of planting and looking after pet animal in the house. however. male and female differ in the kind significantly (p <0.001), 7. Majority think about death and dying occasionally or more (84.11% ). Many of the respondents believes in the life after life (53.49%) : female revealed to be significantly higher (p <0.01). and subjects with christian belief were significantly higher than non-christians (P<0.001). Attitude towards death and dying differs significantly between male and female (P <0. 001) and between christians ans and nonchristians (p <0.001). Highest preference was given to simple funeral (69.85%). Precious heritage that they would pass on to their descendants was onoscience and ethical value(57. 51%) : christian response as the first value was christian belief (52.38%).

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2011

인삼의 시설생산을 위하여 배지 조성 및 차광 정도를 달리한 환경조건 하에서의 생육특성과 생리활성 변화를 검토하고자 온실 및 실내시험을 수행하였다. 적정한 배지 조합은 차광 정도에 따라 달랐는데 무차광에서는 coco peat 단독, 50% 차광에서는 coco peat와 perlite를 50:50으로 혼합하였을 때, 70% 차광에서는 perlite 단독배지에서 유의적으로 높은 생육을 보였다(P<0.05). 차광은 엽면적, 엽록소 함량, 근장, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 총 페놀 함량은 지상부(20.7~23.8 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$)보다는 지하부(25.8~28.4 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$)에서, 무차광(20.7~25.8 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$)보다는 차광(23.7~28.4 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$)에서 높게 나타났다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 지하부(6.9~7.0 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$)보다는 지상부에서(17.4~26.8 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), 무차광보다는 차광에서 높게 검출되었다. 반면, DPPH 라디컬 소거능 측정을 통한 항산화성은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였고, 지하부(24.9~28.7%)보다는 지상부에서(31.1~36.5%), 차광보다는 무차광에서 다소 높은 활성을 보였다. 결론적으로 차광은 비닐하우스 조건하에서 재배된 인삼의 생육과 생리활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

The aims of this study are to establish a mode of housing life style that meet the demands of families living in big cities, and the contribute to the development of a better housing life style pattern by considering metropolitan residents' choice of housing and basic concepts of their behavioral patterns. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Value orientation of family life was divided into value orientation of family and value orientation of housing. Value orientation of family was constituted of four factors such as 'harmony', 'leisure and hobbies', 'individual development and its support' , 'education' . Value orientation of housing is constituted of three factors such as 'physical characteristics of house' , '\`environmental condition', 'socio-economic conditions of housing'. The comprehensive life values were constituted of six factors such as 'the importance of communal family', 'the importance of housing decoration and housing life benefits', 'the importance of security and holding environment' , 'the importance of familial harmony', 'the importance of privacy', 'the importance of convenience and natural environment'. Based on three factors, were found to be fine types of value orientation of family life which were 'pursue healthy of family', 'comfort of family', 'clean environment', 'convenient environment', and 'harmonious relationship among family members'. Variables influencing the value orientation of family life were property and price of housing. 2. Consumption propensity when buying house, furniture and durables were constituted of four factors which were propensity to 'beauty', 'fashion', 'tradition and symbol', and 'pragmatic use'. Based on these factors, there were found to be four types of consumption propensity when buying house, furniture and durables which were 'fashion', 'tradition and symbol', 'beauty', and 'pragmatic use'. Variables influencing spending habits were found to be objective social class (SES), types of residence, wife's educational background, and price of housing. 3. Propensity to using space were constituted of three factors which were 'convenience', 'politeness and social grace', and 'housekeeping'. Based on these factors, there were found to be three types of propensity to using space which were 'individuality', 'convenience', and 'politeness and housekeeping'. Variables influencing propensity to use of space were found to be objective social class (SES), wife's educational background, types of homeownership and price of housing 4. According to this study, there were found to be six patterns of housing life style: 1) family that seeks formalist life, 2) family that seeks harmonious life, 3) family that seeks active healthy life, 4) family that combine various factors, 5) family that seeks convenience, 6) family that stresses environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.8074-8088
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• 2015

중년층의 라이프스타일이 은퇴 후 주거선택에 미치는 영향과 개인적 특성에 따른 라이프스타일의 차이 및 은퇴 후 주거선택에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 현재의 중년층은 자신의 경제력을 바탕으로 안락한 주거환경에서 여유롭고 건강한 삶을 추구하려는 욕구가 높게 나타났고, 이에 편승하여 보건 의료시설, 문화, 휴양, 오락시설 등과 수준 높은 서비스가 제공되는 미래노인 주거를 선호하는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 주택수요 구조 변화의 또 다른 요인으로 꼽히는 것은 주5일 근무제의 확산, 소비수준의 향상, 교육수준의 향상, 여성의 경제활동 참여 확산 등 사회.문화. 경제적 환경의 전반적인 변화라 할 수 있다. 또한, 현재의 중년층은 기존의 노년층에 비해 상대적으로 자신을 젊게 생각하고 도전적이며 능동적인 라이프스타일을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이들의 라이프스타일은 더욱 다양하게 전개될 것이며 노후의 다양한 삶의 욕구를 수용할 수 있는 주택 및 주거환경 계획이 요구된다. 이러한 배경에서 중년층의 은퇴 후 라이프스타일에 따른 주거선택 속성에 관한 연구의 필요성이 제기되었고, 주거만족과 주거선호를 예측하여 다양한 주택공급, 주거마케팅, 주택정책에 또 다른 관점을 제시하여, 그들이 선호하는 미래주거를 다양화 시켜 선택의 폭을 넓힐 수 있는 미래 주거환경에 대한 고찰이 필요하다고 본다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.657-666
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• 2022

국제해사기구(IMO)는 국제해운 분야의 온실가스(Green House Gas, GHG) 감축을 위하여 각국의 기술 개발 및 에너지 효율성 제고에 관한 정책 시행을 적극적으로 권장하고 있다. 이러한 IMO의 환경규제와 관련된 정책들은 해운 분야 전반에 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며, 선주들에게도 막대한 부담으로 작용하고 있다. 선박에서 발생하는 GHG 배출을 억제하기 위한 가장 합리적인 방안은 탄소제로배출(Zero Emission) 선박의 개발로 귀결된다. 즉 친환경 연료로 추진하는 연료전지선박(Fuel Cell Ship, FCS)의 개발이 IMO의 규제를 벗어날 수 있는 대안인 것이다. 아시아, 북미, 유럽 등의 각국에서는 독자적으로 PEMFC를 개발 및 생산하여 국제공인등록 기관으로부터 형식승인인증을 획득함으로써 국제표준화의 선점을 추구하고 있다. 현재 다양한 연료전지(Fuel Cell, FC) 중에서 선박용으로 권장하는 것은 크게 고분자전해질 연료전지(PEMFC), 용융 탄산염 연료전지(MCFC) 및 고체산화물형 연료전지(SOFC) 등의 세종류가 있다. 본 연구에서는 글로벌 FC 시장에서 지속적인 성장이 예상되는 PEMFC를 대상으로 하여 국내외 개발 동향, 제조업체별 규격, 성능 및 선박에 적용한 실증적 사례를 분석하였다. 그리고 PEMFC를 선박에 적용할 경우, 고려해야 할 사항과 개발 방향에 관하여 제안하고자 하였다.