• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2023

Abamectin offers great protection against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a well-known devastating pathogen of pine tree stands. Trunk injection of nematicides is currently the most preferred method of control. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of the commonly used formulations of abamectin against B. xylophilus. Twenty-one formulations of abamectin were evaluated by comparing their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials against B. xylophilus. Nematodes were treated with diluted formulation concentrations in multi-well culture plates. And, populations preexposed to pre-determined concentrations of the formulations were inoculated onto Botrytis cinerea culture, and in pine twig cuttings. Potency was contrastingly different among formulations, with LC₉₅ of 0.00285 and 0.39462 mg/ml for the most, and the least potent formulation, respectively. Paralysis generally occurred at an application dose of 0.06 ㎍/ml or higher, and formulations with high sublethal toxicities caused significant paralysis levels at the tested doses, albeit the variations. Nematode reproduction was evident at lower doses of 0.00053-0.0006 ㎍/ml both on Botrytis cinerea and pine twigs, with significant variations among formulations. Thus, the study highlighted the inconsistencies in the potency of similar product formulations with the same active ingredient concentration against the target organism, and the need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the additives used in formulations.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

요소는 가장 보편적인 질소비료 중 하나인데 빠른 가수분해와 환경으로의 질소 손실로 인해 작물에 질소 이용효율이 낮다. 따라서 요소 비료에서 질소 방출을 제어하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 토양의 요소가수분해효소를 억제하여 요소에서 과도한 질소 용출을 방지하기 위해 목초액을 처리하였다. 목초액의 유효성분은 목초액을 처리하지 않은 토양에 비해 암모늄태 질소의 추출량을 79.7% 감소시켜 토양에서 요소의 암모니아화를 억제한 것으로 나타났다. 목초액이 요소의 시비 효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 요소와 목초액을 처리한 토양에서 배추(Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis)를 각각 포트와 포장에서 재배하였다. 목초액을 요소와 같이 처리했을 때 관행적으로 사용하는 요소량의 반을 사용하였으며 관행과 비교하여 유사한 배추 생체중을 보였다. 배추의 질소 함량은 목초액 처리구에서 낮아 배추가 질소를 효율적으로 사용한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 요소를 목초액의 유효성분과 같이 처리하면 시비량과 시비 횟수를 감소시킬 수 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) which has various pathological mechanisms, recently, it is attracting attention to the mechanism via microbiome-gut-brain axis. 6-Shogaol, a representative compound of ginger, have been known for improving PD phenotypes by reducing neuroinflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and ginger attenuate degeneration induced by Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) on the intestine and brain, simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice received P. mirabilis for 5 days. Ginger (300 mg/kg) and 6-shogaol (10 mg/kg) were treated by gavage feeding for 22 days including the period of P. mirabilis treatment. Results showed that 6-shogaol and ginger improved motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death induced by P. mirabilis treatment. In addition, they suppressed P. mirabilis-induced intestinal barrier disruption, pro-inflammatory signals such as toll-like receptor and TNF-α, and intestinal α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, ginger and 6-shogaol significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and α-synuclein in the brain. Taken together, 6-shogaol and ginger have the potential to ameliorate PD-like motor behavior and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by P. mirabilis in mice. Here, these findings are meaningful in that they provide the first experimental evidence that 6-shogaol might attenuate PD via regulating gut-brain axis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2023

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a well-known devastating pathogen of economic importance in the Republic of Korea and other countries. In the Republic of Korea, trunk injection of nematicides is the preferred method of control. In this study, the efficacy of 16 locally produced formulations of emamectin benzoate against the PWN are compared through determining their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials. Nematodes were treated with varying concentrations of the tested chemicals in multi-well culture plates, and rates of paralysis and mortality were determined after 24 h. Reproduction inhibition potential was tested by inoculating pre-treated nematodes onto Botrytis cinerea, and in pine twig cuttings. Despite the uniformity in the concentration of the active ingredient, efficacy was contrastingly different among formulations. The formulations evidently conformed to three distinct groups based on similarities in sublethal activity (group 1: LC₉₅ of 0.00768-0.01443 mg/ ml; group 2: LC₉₅ of 0.03202-0.07236 mg/ml, and group 3: LC₉₅ of as high as 0.30643-0.40811 mg/ml). Nematode paralysis generally occurred at the application dose of 0.0134-0.1075 ㎍/ml, and there were significant differences in nematode paralysis rates among the products. Nematode reproduction was only evident at lower doses both on B. cinerea and pine twigs, albeit the variations among formulations. Group 1 formulations significantly reduced nematode reproduction even at a lower dose of 0.001075 ㎍/ml. The variations in efficacy might be attributed to differences in inert ingredients. Therefore, there is need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the large number of additives used in formulations.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2023

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable worldwide. In this study, we tried to suggest the possibility of Cheongyang pepper as a functional cosmetic material by identifying the physiological activity, especially antioxidant and whitening effects of Cheongyang pepper through bibliometric analysis and experimental studies. A bibliometric analysis was performed through co-word analysis of 8,892 papers retrieved from SCOPUS. 4 research fields were obtained by cluster mapping from VOSviewer software, among which we noted the antioxidant activity of extracts from Capsicum annum L.. Phenol as a useful ingredient of Cheongyang pepper was analyzed using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Antioxidant and whitening effects were evaluated by measuring DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Cheongyang pepper extract showed contents of 0.106 ± 0.01 and 0.105 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in the order of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid. The extract exhibited 56.95% DPPH scavenging activity and 43.97% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, 1,000 ㎍/ml of the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity by 52.44% and 42.61%, respectively in a whitening efficacy test using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine) as substrates. These results suggest that Cheongyang pepper extract and its active ingredients have antioxidant and whitening effects, and the possibility of future development as a whitening functional cosmetic material.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.361-377
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• 2024

The dried rattan stem of the Fibraurea Recisa Pierre plant contains the active ingredient known as fibrauretine (FN). Although it greatly affects Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism of their effects still remains unclear. Proteomics and transcriptomics analysis methods were used in this study to determine the mechanism of FN in the treatment of AD. AD model is used through bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ_1-40. After successful modeling, FN was given for 30 days. The results showed that FN could improve the cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats, reduce the expression of AE and P-Tau, increase the content of acetylcholine and reduce the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enriched differentially expressed genes and proteins are involved in signaling pathways including metabolic pathway, AD, pathway in cancer, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Transcriptomics and proteomics sequencing resulted in 19 differentially expressed genes and proteins. Finally, in contrast to the model group, after FN treatment, the protein expressions and genes associated with the PI3K-AKT pathway were significantly improved in RT-qPCR and Western blot and assays. This is consistent with the findings of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Our study found that, FN may improve some symptoms of AD model rats through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to utilize text network analysis and topic modeling to identify interconnected relationships among keywords present in patent information related to oral health, and subsequently extract latent topics and visualize them. By examining key keywords and specific subjects, this study sought to comprehend the technological trends in oral health-related innovations. Furthermore, it aims to serve as foundational material, suggesting directions for technological advancement in dentistry and dental hygiene. Methods: The data utilized in this study consisted of information registered over a 20-year period until July 31st, 2023, obtained from the patent information retrieval service, KIPRIS. A total of 6,865 patent titles related to keywords, such as "dentistry," "teeth," and "oral health," were collected through the searches. The research tools included a custom-designed program coded specifically for the research objectives based on Python 3.10. This program was used for keyword frequency analysis, semantic network analysis, and implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modeling. Results: Upon analyzing the centrality of connections among the top 50 frequently occurring words, "method," "tooth," and "manufacturing" displayed the highest centrality, while "active ingredient" had the lowest. Regarding topic modeling outcomes, the "implant" topic constituted the largest share at 22.0%, while topics concerning "devices and materials for oral health" and "toothbrushes and oral care" exhibited the lowest proportions at 5.5% each. Conclusion: Technologies concerning methods and implants are continually being researched in patents related to oral health, while there is comparatively less technological development in devices and materials for oral health. This study is expected to be a valuable resource for uncovering potential themes from a large volume of patent titles and suggesting research directions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2024

Ozone, a highly reactive oxidant molecule, is widely used as a complementary therapy for various skin diseases, including wound healing, pressure ulcers, diabetic foot, and infections. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of ozone for atopic dermatitis (AD). Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) is an active ingredient obtained from partially ozonated sunflower oil (SO). OSO markedly reduced the LPS-induced increase in IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO) levels in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Oxazolone (OXZ) was applied to hairless mice to induce AD-like skin symptoms and immune response. OSO significantly alleviated the OXZ-induced increases in the number of infiltrating mast cells, epidermal thickness, AD symptoms, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and filaggrin, as well as the serum levels of NO, IgE, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, OSO inhibited the IL-4/STAT3/MAPK pathway and the expression of NF-κB. Our results suggest that OSO treatment could relieve AD-mediated skin damage through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic agent against AD-related skin diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.479-491
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• 2024

Improving liver regeneration (LR) remains a medical issue, and there is currently a lack of safe and effective drugs for LR. Rhizoma Dioscoreae (SanYak, SY) is a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the underlying action mechanism of SY treatment for LR is yet to be fully elucidated. To explore the mechanism by which SY affects LR, we have conducted a series of methods for network pharmacological analysis, molecular docking, and in vivo experimental validation in mice. Overall, 9 compounds and 30 predicted target genes of SY were found to be associated with the therapeutic effects of LR. Compared with the model group, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the mice with preoperative drug intervention possessed fewer postoperative hepatocyte bubbles and relatively regular morphology. Furthermore, the serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were reduced, immunohistochemistry revealed elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity rate, and Western blotting demonstrated that the phospho-protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT ratio was downregulated and that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression levels were upregulated. This study explored dioscin, the main active ingredient of SY, and its potential therapeutic effects on LR. It repairs damaged liver following surgery and promotes liver cell proliferation. The action mechanism comprises reducing AKT phosphorylation levels and upregulating VEGFA expression levels. Thus, this study provides a new direction for further research on the mechanism of SY promoting LR.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, leading to motor and non-motor dysfunctions, such as depression, olfactory dysfunction, and memory impairment. Although levodopa (L-dopa) has been the gold standard PD treatment for decades, it only relieves motor symptoms and has no effect on non-motor symptoms or disease progression. Prior studies have reported that 6-shogaol, the active ingredient in ginger, exerts a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons by suppressing neuroinflammation in PD mice. This study investigated whether cotreatment with 6-shogaol and L-dopa could attenuate both motor and non-motor symptoms and dopaminergic neuronal damage. Both 6-shogaol (20 mg/kg) and L-dopa (80 mg/kg) were orally administered to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid-induced PD model mice for 26 days. The experimental results showed that L-dopa alleviated motor symptoms, but had no significant effect on non-motor symptoms, loss of dopaminergic neuron, or neuroinflammation. However, when mice were treated with 6-shogaol alone or in combination with L-dopa, an amelioration in both motor and non-motor symptoms such as depression-like behavior, olfactory dysfunction and memory impairment was observed. Moreover, 6-shogaol-only or co-treatment of 6-shogaol with L-dopa protected dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and reduced neuroinflammation in the striatum and substantia nigra. Overall, these results suggest that 6-shogaol can effectively complement L-dopa by improving non-motor dysfunction and restoring dopaminergic neurons via suppressing neuroinflammation.