• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2017

The range of problems that can be handled by the activation of big data and the development of hardware has been rapidly expanded and machine learning such as deep learning has become a very versatile technology. In this paper, mnist data set is used as experimental data, and the Cross Entropy function is used as a loss model for evaluating the efficiency of machine learning, and the value of the loss function in the steepest descent method is We applied the GradientDescentOptimize algorithm to minimize and updated weight and bias via backpropagation. In this way we analyze optimal reliability value corresponding to the number of exercises and optimal reliability value without overfitting. And comparing the overfitting time according to the number of data changes based on the number of training times, when the training frequency was 1110 times, we obtained the result of 92%, which is the optimal reliability value without overfitting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2003

Estrogen receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Its action depends on the receptor, its ligand, and its coactivator proteins. As a consequence, the concentration of the receptor is a major component that governs the magnitude of the estrogen response. Despite the extensive knowledge on mechanism of estrogen receptor action, regulation of estrogen receptor itself is not very well understood. Estrogen receptor is known to be downregulated under hypoxia leading to inhibition of estrogen receptor mediated transcription activation. We have studied mechanism of loss of estrogen responsiveness under hypoxia. We found that Hif-l${\alpha}$, a major transcription factor regulating hypoxic response, inhibited transcription of estrogen response element driven luciferase gene by expression of HIF-l${\alpha}$/vp16 construct designed to contain transcription activity under normoxia. This loss of estrogen responsiveness appears to be the result of ER${\alpha}$ downregulation. ER${\alpha}$was downregulated at the levels of ligand-biding and protein within l2-24h, and the response was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, protein synthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor Genistein. These results demonstrate that Hif-l${\alpha}$ downregulates ER${\alpha}$ by proteasome dependent pathway.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Fatigue and data retention characteristics of the Pt/PZT/Pt structure using single grain PZT thin films by PZT seeding method were investigated. In case of fatigue, there is no loss in switched polarization up to 2$\times$10$^{11}$ cycles using 1MHz square wave form at $\pm$10V and no data loss after 30000sec of memory retention at room temperature. From the activation energy measured at high temperatures, the time required 20% loss in remanent polarization is estimated to be 6.6$\times$10$^{7}$ years at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.278-284
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• 1999

The effect of TiO$_2$addition has been studied on the power loss, density, initial permeability, resistivity, and microstructure of Mn-Zn ferrites. TiO$_2$addition increased the density of sintered body and decreased of the initial permeability. Activation energy for electron hopping as well as electrical resistivity increased with TiO$_2$addition. The toroidal core sintered at 1150 $^{\circ}C$ with 1.5 wt% of TiO$_2$demonstrated the power loss of 83 mW/㎤ at 1 MHz, 25 mT, 8$0^{\circ}C$. However, the same specimen sintered at 120$0^{\circ}C$ lead to the power loss, 1168 mW/㎤ at 1 MHz, 25 mT, 8$0^{\circ}C$ and developed an exaggerated grain growth.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.377-383
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• 2011

Thermoelectric power, dc conductivity, and the dielectric relaxation properties of $La_2NiO_{4.03}$ are reported in the temperature range of 77 K - 300 K and in a frequency range of 20 Hz - 1 MHz. Thermoelectric power was positive below 300K. The measured thermoelectric power of $La_2NiO_{4.03}$ decreased linearly with temperature. The dc conductivity showed a temperature variation consistent with the variable range hopping mechanism at low temperatures and the adiabatic polaron hopping mechanism at high temperatures. The low temperature dc conductivity mechanism in $La_2NiO_{4.03}$ was analyzed using Mott's approach. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power and dc conductivity suggests that the charge carriers responsible for conduction are strongly localized. The relaxation mechanism has been discussed in the frame of the electric modulus and loss spectra. The scaling behavior of the modulus and loss tangent suggests that the relaxation describes the same mechanism at various temperatures. The logarithmic angular frequency dependence of the loss peak is found to obey the Arrhenius law with activation energy of ~ 0.106eV. At low temperature, variable range hopping and large dielectric relaxation behavior for $La_2NiO_{4.03}$ are consistent with the polaronic nature of the charge carriers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.908-909
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• 2023

Recently, several generative models have emerged and are being used in various industries. Among them, Cycle GAN is still used in various fields such as style transfer, medical care and autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose two methods to improve the performance of these Cycle GAN model. The ReLU activation function previously used in the generator was changed to Leaky ReLU. And a new loss function is proposed that considers the semantic level rather than focusing only on the pixel level through the VGG feature extractor. The proposed model showed quality improvement on the test set in the art domain, and it can be expected to be applied to other domains in the future to improve performance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2199-2213
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• 2024

To enhance the quality of defect detection for Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) during electronic product manufacturing, this study primarily focuses on optimizing the YOLOv7-based method for PCBA defect detection. In this method, the Mish, a smoother function, replaces the Leaky ReLU activation function of YOLOv7, effectively expanding the network's information processing capabilities. Concurrently, a Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism (SEAM) has been integrated into the head of the model, significantly augmenting the precision of small target defect detection. Additionally, considering angular loss, compared to the CIoU loss function in YOLOv7, the SIoU loss function in the paper enhances robustness and training speed and optimizes inference accuracy. In terms of data preprocessing, this study has devised a brightness adjustment data enhancement technique based on split-filtering to enrich the dataset while minimizing the impact of noise and lighting on images. The experimental results under identical training conditions demonstrate that our model exhibits a 9.9% increase in mAP value and an FPS increase to 164 compared to the YOLOv7. These indicate that the method proposed has a superior performance in PCBA defect detection and has a specific application value.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

Eotaxin is an important inflammatory chemokine in eosinophil chemotaxis and activation and, thus, is implicated in asthma. Recently, obesity was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, but the relationship between obesity and eotaxin expression has only been partially understood in obese mice and human studies. Therefore, we studied the expression patterns of eotaxin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes/adipocytes to determine whether eotaxin levels are influenced by body weight gain and/or reduction in diet-induced obese mice. First, we investigated eotaxin expression during differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, we treated 3T3-L1 preadipoeytes/adipoeytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, or leptin. To examine the effects of weight loss in high-fat diet induced obese mice, we fed C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet or a normal diet for 26 weeks. Then, half of the high-fat diet group were fed a normal diet until 30 weeks to reduce weight. Epididymal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, serum, and bronchoalveolar fluid of mice were examined for eotaxin expression. The results showed that eotaxin expression levels increased with adipocyte differentiation and that more eotaxin was expressed when the cells were stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$, eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, or leptin. An in vivo study showed that eotaxin levels were reduced in visceral adipose tissues when high-fat diet fed mice underwent weight loss. Taken together, these results indicate a close relationship between eotaxin expression and obesity as well as weight loss, thus, they indirectly show a relation to asthma.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that play essential roles in growth and development. Mutations in BR-signaling pathways cause defective in growth and development like dwarfism, male sterility, abnormal vascular development and photomorphogenesis. Transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical phase change in the development of a flowering plant. In a screen of activation-tagged Arabidopsis, we identified a mutant named abz126 that displayed longer hypocotyls when grown in the dark on MS media containing brassinazole (Brz), an inhibitor of BRs biosynthesis. We have cloned the mutant locus using adapter ligation PCR walking and identified that a single T-DNA had been integrated into the ninth exon of the GIGANTEA (GI) gene, involved in controling flowering time. This insertion resulted in loss-of-function of the GI gene and caused the following phenotypes: long petioles, tall plant height, many rosette leaves and late flowering. RT-PCR assays on abz126 mutant showed that the T-DNA insertion in GIGANTEA led to the loss of mRNA expression of the GI gene. In the hormone dose response assay, abz126 mutant showed: 1) an insensitivity to paclobutrazole (PAC), 2) an altered response with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3) insensitive to Brassinolide (BL). Based on these results, we propose that the late flowering and tall phenotypes displayed by the abz126 mutant are caused by a loss-of-function of the GI gene associated with brassinosteroid hormone signaling.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.284-296
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• 2018

Obesity is considered as a primary health problem over the past century in line with life environmental changes. It is mainly associated with increased risk of numerous chronic diseases which may significantly reduce health-related quality of life. Therefore, efforts to reduce weight should be performed. This study suggested a novel approach to reduce body fat by applying external stimulation which is micro-current stimulation (MCS). In this clinical study, we evaluated the potential effects of MCS for reduction of abdominal fat and weight loss. Prior to the clinical test, computational simulation was conducted to find the proper MCS conditions that allow externally applied stimulation to reach the internal fat section from the external skin. Particularly, the clinical study evaluated the unilateral effects of MCS for body fat loss and lipolysis without any additional limitations such as physical exercise and dietary therapy. The results showed that whole body fat, waist circumferences, and abdominal fat are gradually decreased after intervention in proportion to the time. From the results, we can estimate that MCS can be effective on the body fat loss by activation of lipolysis in human adipose.