• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Studies have reported differences between depressed adults and controls in quantitative measures of EEG alpha asymmetry, but, there are few using Korean subjects. So, the present study compared EEG regional alpha asymmetries of patients having major depressive disorder(MDD) and normal controls. Methods : The subjects in this study were 11 unmedicated unipolar depressed patients and 11 non-depressed, age matched controls. Resting EEG(eyes closed and eyes open) was recorded from each participant using 8 scalp electrodes. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Results : The severities of depression measured by self-report questionnaires were positively associated with those of anxiety(state and trait) ; The subjects were both anxious and depressed. Anxious-depressed patients differed from controls in alpha asymmetry at T4 channels. They showed evidence of greater activation over right than left temporal site. Conclusion : These findings are consistent with the previousely reported alpha asymmetry of depressed patients with an anxiety disorder. The failure to find the evidence of reduced right parietal activity in depression is presumed to be due to opposing effects of comorbid anxiety on parietotemporal activity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Cue reactivity is a key factor that modulates motivational goal-directed behavior associated with compulsive drug-taking and relapse. We investigated whether acupuncture attenuated the skin conductance response and the heart rate response to smoking-related visual cues in smokers. Methods : Twenty-nine smokers were treated with real acupuncture (RA) or sham acupuncture (SA). The stress response inventory was measured on the 5th day after quitting smoking. The skin conductance response and the heart rate were measured to evaluate the autonomic changes to the smoking related visual cues on the same day. Results : The sympathetic alterations in skin conductance and the heart rate induced by the smoking-related visual cues were significantly lower in the RA group, as compared to the SA group. The stress response inventory, such as somatization and frustration, in the RA group was significantly lower than that of the SA group. Conclusions : Acupuncture ameliorated the stress symptoms as well as the sympathetic activation to smoking cues during withdrawal. These findings indicate that acupuncture might be a useful tool in smoking cessation by inhibiting smoking cues-induced autonomic responses.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2018

Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.2736-2747
• /
• 2022

The operations in the design lifecycle of a nuclear power plant targeted to be decommissioned lead to neutron activation. Operations in the decommissioning process include cutting, decontamination, disposal, and processing. Among these, cutting is done close to the target material, and thus workers are exposed to radiation. As there are only a few studies on pressurizers, there arises the need for further research to assess the radiation exposure dose. This study obtained the specifications of the AP1000 pressurizer of Westinghouse and the distribution of radionuclide inventory of a pressurizer in a pressurised water reactor for evaluation based on literature studies. A cutting scenario was created to develop an optimal method so that the cut pieces fill a radioactive solid waste drum with dimensions 0.571 m × 0.834 m. The estimated exposure dose, estimated using the tool VISIPLAN SW, in terms of the decontamination factor (DF) ranged from DF-0 to DF-100, indicating that DF-90 and DF-100 meet the ICRP recommendation on exposure dose 0.0057 mSv/h. At the end of the study, although flame cutting was considered the most efficient method in terms of cutting speed, laser cutting was the most reasonable one in terms of the financial aspects and secondary waste.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.343-356
• /
• 2016

The Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD) has developed a dual-purpose metal cask for the dry storage of spent nuclear fuel that has been generated by domestic light-water reactors. The metal cask was designed in compliance with international and domestic technology standards, and safety was the most important consideration in developing the design. It was designed to maintain its integrity for 50 years in terms of major safety factors. The metal cask ensures the minimization of waste generated by maintenance activities during the storage period as well as the safe management of the waste. An activation evaluation of the main body, which includes internal and external components of metal casks whose design lifetime has expired, provides quantitative data on their radioactive inventory. The radioactive inventory of the main body and the components of the metal cask were calculated by applying the MCNP5 ORIGEN-2 evaluation system and by considering each component's chemical composition, neutron flux distribution, and reaction rate, as well as the duration of neutron irradiation during the storage period. The evaluation results revealed that 10 years after the end of the cask's design life, $^{60}Co$ had greater radioactivity than other nuclides among the metal materials. In the case of the neutron shield, nuclides that emit high-energy gamma rays such as $^{28}Al$ and $^{24}Na$ had greater radioactivity immediately after the design lifetime. However, their radioactivity level became negligible after six months due to their short half-life. The surface exposure dose rates of the canister and the main body of the metal cask from which the spent nuclear fuel had been removed with expiration of the design lifetime were determined to be at very low levels, and the radiation exposure doses to which radiation workers were subjected during the decommissioning process appeared to be at insignificant levels. The evaluations of this study strongly suggest that the nuclide inventory of a spent nuclear fuel metal cask can be utilized as basic data when decommissioning of a metal cask is planned, for example, for the development of a decommissioning plan, the determination of a decommissioning method, the estimation of radiation exposure to workers engaged in decommissioning operations, the management/reuse of radioactive wastes, etc.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.524-533
• /
• 2020

The free-trade-zone system has been implemented in industrial-complex-type free-trade zones with a focus on the manufacturing industry since 1970, and was intended to attract foreign investment and increase trade by providing benefits such as tax reduction and deregulation to tenant companies. However, foreign investment in these industrial-complex-type free trade zones has decreased significantly. On the other hand, port-type free-trade zones have great potential to attract foreign investment for development due to the increase in port traffic. The developmental trends in the free-trade-zone system have been studied primarily in the manufacturing industry, and those studies must be extended. In this paper, the role and operation of free-trade zones are examined and problems highlighted. We analyzed a business model specialized in port-type free-trade zones to identify problems, propose measures to improve the system for re-exporting domestic goods to the customs area for storage, and upgrade overall operations. The effects of our measures were analyzed by simple simulation. These proposed improvements in the operation of port-type free-trade zones will help attract foreign companies to these international logistics hubs and global delivery centers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.124-133
• /
• 2003

We propose an application of the Object-Oriented design methodology to develop operational flight program(OFP) for stores management computer(SMC) which manages and controls stores inventory, stores activation, launch for missiles, and release of the conventional weapons. For the development of SMC, a military version of PowerPC 603e is used as a central processing unit board and VxWorks real-time operating system is used. The Tornado software development environment(SDE) and the programming language Ada95 are used for OFP development. We design three layerd in the OFP for the independency of the software modules. An avionics system computer(ASC) simulator and a test bench are developed for the SMC integration test and verification test. And the tests are rigorously and successfully conducted.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2004

Final disposal of radioactive waste generated from Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) requires the detailed information about the characteristics and the quantities of radionuclides in waste package. Most of these radionuclides are difficult to measure and expensive to assay. Thus it is suggested to the indirect method by which the concentration of the Difficult-to-Measure (DTM) nuclide is estimated using the correlations of concentration - it is called the scaling factor - between Easy-to-Measure (Key) nuclides and DTM nuclides with the measured concentration of the Key nuclide. In general, the scaling factor is determined by the log mean average (LMA) method and the regression method. However, these methods are inadequate to apply to fission product nuclides and some activation product nuclides such as 14$^{C}$ and 90$^{Sr}$ . In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) method is suggested to improve the conventional SF determination methods - the LMA method and the regression method. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) of the ANN models are compared with those of the conventional SF determination models for 14$^{C}$ and 90$^{Sr}$ in two parts divided by a training part and a validation part. The SF determination models are arranged in the order of RMSEs as the following order: ANN model

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stabilization exercise performed after abdominal drawing exercise using pressure biofeedback for 8 weeks on pain level, performance of transverse abdominis, back pain disability index, and quality of life in women in their 30s less than one year after giving birth. Methods: A total of 20 women who voluntarily participated less than one year after giving birth were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was subjected to abdominal drawing exercise before lumbar stabilization exercise, and the experimental group was subjected to abdominal drawing exercise using pressure biofeedback before lumbar stabilization exercise thrice a week for eight weeks. The quadruple visual analog scale (QVAS), the performance of transverse abdominis, the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (KDOI), the inventory of functional status after childbirth (IFSAC), and the Short Form-12 item (SF-12) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: Except for the Physical Components Summary Scale of SF-12, after the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in QVAS, performance of Transverse abdominis , KDOI, and Mental Components Summary Scale of SF-12 compared to the control group. Conclusion: Selective deep muscle activation through abdominal drawing exercises using pressure biofeedback can help rehabilitation for women after postpartum.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2006

The depth distributions of total $^3H$ and $^{14}C$ activities were characterized for the activated shielding concrete from a decommissioning of KRR-2 using the commercially available tube furnace and a liquid scintillation counter. The correlation of measurement results between $^3H,\;^{14}C$ and gammer emitter was evaluated to apply for estimating radionuclide inventory of the concrete waste generated from decommissioning KRR-2. The detection limits for $^3H$ and $^{14}C$ are 0.048 and 0.028 Bq/g respectively. The specific activities of the $^3H$ and $^{14}C$ tend to decrease exponentially as the depth of the concrete becomes deeper from the surface. In addition, the $^3H$ and $^{14}C$ activities were in good correlation with the $^{60}CO$ activities analysed for the shielding concrete of KRR-2.