• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

In terms of coastal and marine tourism, Busan's Haeundae had the nation's representativeness, and is pushing for many kinds of related policies to revitalize the special tourism zone. Due to a drop in the number of beach users, it is inevitable for the Haeundae Special Tourist Zone to face active responses to new trends emerging in the global tourism market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present a tourism strategy for making the Suyeong River as a more competitive ourist resource along the zone. First, a language network analysis is conducted through interviews to understand the ideas of interest groups for the river cruise activation project. Second, the frame structure of stakeholders is used to analyze solutions by comparing the similarities and differences in recognition frames of interest groups. Third, we intend to analyze the detailed frame types of stakeholders and present new alternatives based on the structure of relationships between types.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Robot refers to machines that recognize the external environment and assess the given situations in order to operate autonomously by imitating the manner in which humans behave. Although Korea still lacks global competitiveness, Korea, as the $4^{th}$ ranked robot manufacturing country in the world, is currently expanding the domains of robots from application in manufacturing to application in service provision. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the factors for the success in entry into the cooperation robot market among various robotic markets in accordance with the literary research method in consideration for the importance of robot industry that could determine the future national competitiveness. The result of the analysis of the factors for the success in entry into the cooperation robot market, shows that factors including analysis of the trends in manufacturing robot market, strategy for benchmarking of the leading cooperation robot companies, activation of small and medium enterprise-centered cooperation robotic industry, excavation of demands for cooperation robots with focus on automobile, semiconductor and IT industries, utilization of the opportunities provided by government's robotic industry policies and standardization of cooperation robot components, etc. determine whether one will succeed in the market or not. Furthermore, it is believed that fortification of competitiveness of the manufacturing sector through the powerful policy support for the robotic industry at government level and policies on cultivation of new growth engine through specialization of the robotic areas closely related to daily life must be implemented concurrently because it is forecasted that competitiveness in robotics technology will become the criterion for national competitiveness in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the combination treatment of phytochemical resveratrol and the anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) on prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells, including factors related to detailed cell death mechanisms. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using 2-dimensional monolayer and 3-dimensional spheroid culture systems, we examined the effects of resveratrol and DTX on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and necroptosis by MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: At concentrations not toxic to normal human prostate epithelial cells, resveratrol effectively decreased the viability of LNCaP cells depending on concentration and time. The combination treatment of resveratrol and DTX exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on cell growth, demonstrated by an increase in the sub-G0/G1 peak, Annexin V-phycoerythrin positive cell fraction, ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage response as well as concurrent activation of apoptosis and necroptosis. Apoptosis and necroptosis were rescued by pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: We report resveratrol as an adjuvant drug candidate for improving the outcome of treatment in DTX therapy. Although the underlying mechanisms of necroptosis should be investigated comprehensively, targeting apoptosis and necroptosis simultaneously in the treatment of cancer can be a useful strategy for the development of promising drug candidates.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that affects the destruction of the bone supporting the tooth and connective tissues surrounding it. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) induce overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) involved in periodontal disease's inflammatory destruction. Osteoclasts take part in physiological bone remodeling, but they are also involved in bone destruction in many kinds of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and periodontal disease. This study examined the effect of baicalin on proteolytic enzymes' production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in PDLFs and RAW 264.7 cells under the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions. Baicalin inhibited the expression of the protein, MMP-1 and MMP-2, without affecting PDLFs' cell viability, suggesting its possibility because of the inhibition of phosphorylation activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase's p38, and the signal transduction process of nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-related protein. Also, baicalin reduced the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in RAW 264.7 cells. This reduction is thought to be due to the inhibition of the signal transduction process of NFκB-related proteins affected by inhibiting p65RelA phosphorylation. Also, baicalin inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that baicalin inhibits connective tissue destruction in periodontal disease. The inhibition of periodontal tissue destruction may be a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory periodontal-diseased patients.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

The ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris infects lepidopteran larvae and pupae and forms characteristic fruiting bodies. Owing to its immune-enhancing effects, the fungus has been used as a medicine. For industrial application, this fungus can be grown on geminated soybeans as an alternative protein source. In our study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to identify core gene sets during C. militaris cultivation on germinated soybeans. RNA-Seq technology was applied to the fungal cultures at seven-time points (2, 4, and 7-day and 2, 3, 5, 7-week old cultures) to investigate the global transcriptomic change. We conducted a time-series analysis using a two-step regression strategy and chose 1460 significant genes and assigned them into five clusters. Characterization of each cluster based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases revealed that transcription profiles changed after two weeks of incubation. Gene mapping of cordycepin biosynthesis and isoflavone modification pathways also confirmed that gene expression in the early stage of GSC cultivation is important for these metabolic pathways. Our transcriptomic analysis and selected genes provided a comprehensive molecular basis for the cultivation of C. militaris on germinated soybeans.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2022

Objective: Purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity ratio of multifidus to erector spinalis according to various cueing including tactile stimulation to provide an effective strategy to provide verbal and tactile feedback during exercise to provoke multifidus muscle activation. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants of this study included 28 healthy adults. Muscle activities of the multifidus and erector spinalis were measured while the participants performed tasks according to the three different methods of verbal cueing and three different tactile stimulation. Surface EMG was used to measure the muscular activity of the muscles during all the tasks. Results: Tactile stimulation to abdomen and lumbar vertebrae showed no significant difference in the muscle activity ratio (p>0.05). However, muscle activity ratio of the multifidus in relation to the erector spinalis was increased when subjects were given verbal instructions to make lumbar curvature with little force and to make lumbar curvature while pulling navel (p<0.05). However, it was decreased when they were provided with verbal instruction to make lumbar curvature with strong force (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, proper verbal instruction was an effective tool to increase the muscular activity of multifidus. This study aimed to find and provide the most appropriate verbal cueing while doing exercises to activate multifidus.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.372-384
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• 2022

Total shipping accounts for 2.9 % of the annual average percentage of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. The International Maritime Organization implements EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index), Energy Efficiency eXisting-ship Index (EEXI), and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as regulatory frameworks for shipping decarbonization. The Republic of Korea has enforced the Act on Development and Popularization of Greenship from 2020 and publicly announced the 1st national plan which was named 『2030 Greenship-K Promotion Strategy』 for the activation of a greenship market. The Greenship Certification Scheme is going on for the sustainability of Korean shipbuilding and shipping industries, to secure clean maritime environments, as well as to contribute to the national economy. Greenship Certification guarantees the credit of such eco-friendly technologies and products for shipping. The certification is going to be the basis of industrial competitiveness in coastal and international shipping. This study investigates an existing certification process, identifies the limitations, and proposes the process improved with several case studies. The improved certification scheme may have rationality for Net-zero with regard to climate alignment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 2009

Green growth is summarized as the national growth strategies to enhance the quality of life as a whole by converting not only the lifestyle but the economic and industrial structures into the low carbon and eco-friendly environments with the green growth industries with low carbon as the momentum for new growth, based on green technologies including renewable energy technologies, energy and resource efficient technologies, converging technologies related to technologies to reduce the environmental pollution. Roles of the construction industry along with other industries are very important in securing justifications for the cooperation between our government and industries for challenges to this green growth as well. The national effects of economy are very large from leading the construction industry to the green construction from the national level. Accordingly, this study suggested responsive plans for both government and companies for the activation of green construction by selecting 15 frontier green construction products and analyzing them by the type of strategy in Korea, as well as analyzing recent trends of overseas green construction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal and differentiation capacity. CSCs are currently postulated as the driving force that induces intra-tumor heterogeneity leading to tumor initiation, metastasis, and eventually tumor relapse. Notably, CSCs are inherently resistant to environmental stress, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy due to high levels of antioxidant systems and drug efflux transporters. In this context, a therapeutic strategy targeting the CSC-specific pathway holds a promising cure for cancer. NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; NFE2L2) is a master transcription factor that regulates an array of genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species/electrophiles. Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent NRF2 activation, observed in multiple types of cancer, supports tumor growth, aggressive malignancy, and therapy resistance. Herein, we describe the core properties of CSCs, focusing on treatment resistance, and review the evidence that demonstrates the roles of NRF2 signaling in conferring unique properties of CSCs and the associated signaling pathways.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.21
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• 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been changing the paradigm of cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) have also increased with the exponential increase in the use of ICIs. ICIs can break up the immunologic homeostasis and reduce T-cell tolerance. Therefore, inhibition of immune checkpoint can lead to the activation of autoreactive T-cells, resulting in various irAEs similar to autoimmune diseases. Gastrointestinal toxicity, endocrine toxicity, and dermatologic toxicity are common side effects. Neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity are relatively rare but can be fatal. ICI-related gastrointestinal toxicity, dermatologic toxicity, and hypophysitis are more common with anti- CTLA-4 agents. ICI-related pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, and myasthenia gravis are more common with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Treatment with systemic steroids is the principal strategy against irAEs. The use of immune-modulatory agents should be considered in case of no response to the steroid therapy. Treatment under the supervision of multidisciplinary specialists is also essential, because the symptoms and treatments of irAEs could involve many organs. Thus, this review focuses on the mechanism, clinical presentation, incidence, and treatment of various irAEs.