• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.12 no.2 s.35
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2005

Glass formation, thermal property and crystallization behavior were investigated in $xK_2O-(33.3-x)BaO-16.7TiO_2-50SiO_2(mole\%)$ with fresnoite($Ba_2TiSi_2O_8$) crystal by replacement BaO for $K_2O$. As x(0$\le$x$\le$20) contents increased, glass formation became easy, and crystallization temperature moved on to the low temperature. Crystal phase of the $Ba_2TiSi_2O_8$ was confirmed by XRD, and the replaced x was not effected on the formation of new crystals. The kinetics of crystallization of fresnoite were studied by applying the DTA measurements carried out at different heating rates. The average avrami exponent(n) and activation energy were changed $2.26 {\pm}0.1,\;2.03 {\pm}0.1,\;1.93{\pm}0.15$, $279 {\pm}12kJ/mole,\;302{\pm}7kJ/ mole,\;319{\pm}1kJ/mole$ according to x contents, respectively. The replaced x improved the orientation of crystal growth.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Characteristic symptoms, including hyperactivity and easy distractibility, in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that their brain status, even at rest, might differ from that of healthy children. This study was conducted in order to determine whether resting state brain activity is compromised in medication-naive children with ADHD. Methods : Twenty medication-naive children with ADHD (mean age $10.3{\pm}2.5$) and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (mean age $10.3{\pm}2.0$) underwent measurements for resting state brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Among resting state related-independent components (RSICs) extracted from fMRI data using independent component analysis, a significant difference in RSICs was observed between groups, using a mixed Gaussian/gamma model. Results : Except for IQ, which was higher in the healthy control group, no demographic difference was observed between the two groups (p<.001). Significantly less activation of one RSIC, which includes the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, occipito-temporal junction, and anterior cingulate cortex, was observed in the ADHD group, compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : An abnormal RSIC, posterior default mode network (DMN), was observed in the medication-naive ADHD group. Results of our study suggest that abnormality of posterior DMN is one of the main pathophysiologies of ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 1996

A series of solid solutions of the $CaGa_1-xFexO_3-y$ system with the compositions of x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 has been prepared at $1150^{\circ}C$ under an atmospheric air pressure. The structure, nonstoichiometric chemical formula, and the distribution of cations for the solid solutions are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, Mohr salt titration, Mossbauer spectroscopic analysis. Their physical properties are discussed with electrical conductivity and magnetic measurements. The crystal system of all the compositions is a brownmillerite orthorhombic system from the X-ray diffraction analysis and the reduced lattice volume increases linearly with x value except that of the composition of x=0.25. All the solid solutions do not contain $Fe^{4+}$ ion and the mole number of oxygen vacancies or y value is 0.50 from Mohr salt analysis. The oxidation state of Fe ion, the coordination state, the structure change in the Brownmillerite-type structure, and the distribution of $Ga^{3+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ ions are discussed with Mossbauer spectroscopic analysis. The electrical conductivity increases and activation energy decreases, as x value increases. The traditional semiconducting property of this system is described in terms of band theory. The compositions of x=0.50∼1.00 show a thermal magnetic hysteresis in the magnetic measurement with the cooling conditions, which is discussed in terms of the space group and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.589-597
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the physiological and sensory properties of breads with different ratios of persimmon peel. Moisture activation of the bread loaf decreased as storage period increased with a smaller range of decrease in the persimmon peel added group. The amount of weight increased, and volume fell to some degree. Adding persimmon peel increased the RVA temperature, whereas maximum decreased. The color change during storage was due to the addition of control and 4% in group a values except there was no significant difference. As the result of measurements using a texture analyzer, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness properties decreased. The sensory test results revealed that the 4% and 6% added persimmon peel bread was the best.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.552-561
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate glucose uptake mechanisms and metabolic mechanisms for absorbed glucose in HepG2 cells treated with Acanthopanax senticosus water extract (ASW). A colorimetric assay kit was used to measure polyphenol content, glucokinase (GK) activity, glucose uptake, glucose consumption in cell culture medium, and glycogen content. RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to examine changes in the expression levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), hepatocyte nuclear factor $1{\alpha}$ ($HNF-1{\alpha}$), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k), protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, GK, and glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$). Increased glucose uptake upon ASW treatment was confirmed to result from increased expression of $HNF-1{\alpha}$, which is one of the transcription factors acting on the GLUT2 promoter. From the measurements of GK activity, we observed that ASW had an effect on glucose phosphorylation, and we also confirmed that increased AMPK phosphorylation promoted glycolysis and suppressed gluconeogenesis. We confirmed that the increase in glycogen upon ASW treatment was induced by activation of Akt by PI3k, followed by phosphorylation of $GSK3{\beta}$. This study demonstrates that ASW activates glucose metabolic mechanisms in liver cells and is therefore a potential candidate to alleviate diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2010

The electrical properties and defect states in ZnO substrates were studied during high-energy electron beam irradiations. 1 MeV and 2 MeV electron-beam with dose of $1{\times}10^{16}$ electrons/$cm^2$ were irradiated on Zn-surface of the sample. In the sample irradiated by 1 MeV, the leakage current was increased by electron-beam induced surface defects, while the enhancement of on/off property and the decrease of leakage current appeared in the 2 MeV irradiated sample. From the deep level transient spectroscopy measurements for these samples, it showed that the defect states with the activation energies of $E_c$-0.33 eV and $E_v$+0.8 eV are generated during the high energy electron-beam irradiation. Especially, it considered that the $E_c$-0.33 eV state related with O-vacancy affects to their electrical properties.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.547-556
• /
• 2016

Myometrial relaxation of mouse via expression of two-pore domain acid sensitive (TASK) channels was studied. In our previous report, we suggested that two-pore domain acid-sensing $K^+$ channels (TASK-2) might be one of the candidates for the regulation of uterine circular smooth muscles in mice. In this study, we tried to show the mechanisms of relaxation via TASK-2 channels in marine myometrium. Isometric contraction measurements and patch clamp technique were used to verify TASK conductance in murine myometrium. Western blot and immunehistochemical study under confocal microscopy were used to investigate molecular identity of TASK channel. In this study, we showed that TEA and 4-AP insensitive non-inactivating outward $K^+$ current (NIOK) may be responsible for the quiescence of murine pregnant longitudinal myometrium. The characteristics of NIOK coincided with two-pore domain acid-sensing $K^+$ channels (TASK-2). NIOK in the presence of $K^+$ channel blockers was inhibited further by TASK inhibitors such as quinidine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, and extracellular acidosis. Furthermore, oxytocin and estrogen inhibited NIOK in pregnant myometrium. When compared to non-pregnant myometrium, pregnant myometrium showed stronger inhibition of NIOK by quinidine and increased immunohistochemical expression of TASK-2. Finally, TASK-2 inhibitors induced strong myometrial contraction even in the presence of L-methionine, a known inhibitor of stretch-activated channels in the longitudinal myometrium of mouse. Activation of TASK-2 channels seems to play an essential role for relaxing uterus during pregnancy and it might be one of the alternatives for preventing preterm delivery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.164-175
• /
• 2019

The Tor Tong Daeng Irrigation Project with the irrigation area of 61,400 hectares is located in the Ping Basin of the Upper Central Plain of Thailand where farmers depended on both surface water and groundwater. In the drought year, water storage in the Bhumipol Dam is inadequate to allocate water for agriculture, and caused water deficit in many irrigation projects. Farmers need to find extra sources of water such as water from farm pond or groundwater as a supplement. The operation of Bhumipol Dam and irrigation demand estimation are vital for irrigation water allocation to help solve water shortage issue in the irrigation project. The study aims to determine the smart dam operation system to mitigate water shortage in this irrigation project via introduction of machine learning to improve dam operation and irrigation demand estimation via soil moisture estimation from satellite images. Via ANN technique application, the inflows to the dam are generated from the upstream rain gauge stations using past 10 years daily rainfall data. The input vectors for ANN model are identified base on regression and principal component analysis. The structure of ANN (length of training data, the type of activation functions, the number of hidden nodes and training methods) is determined from the statistics performance between measurements and ANN outputs. On the other hands, the irrigation demand will be estimated by using satellite images, LANDSAT. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) values are estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture. The values are calibrated and verified with the field plant growth stages and soil moisture data in the year 2017-2018. The irrigation demand in the irrigation project is then estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture in the area. With the estimated dam inflow and irrigation demand, the dam operation will manage the water release in the better manner compared with the past operational data. The results show how smart system concept was applied and improve dam operation by using inflow estimation from ANN technique combining with irrigation demand estimation from satellite images when compared with the past operation data which is an initial step to develop the smart dam operation system in Thailand.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.1226-1229
• /
• 2018

We investigated the improvement of surface roughness and states after high temperature annealing using reduced-graphene oxide (r-GO) capping layer on ion-implanted 4H-SiC epitaxial layer. The specification of the 4H-SiC wafer grown on n-type $4^{\circ}$ off-axis 4H-SiC was $10{\mu}m$-thick and n-type epitaxial layer with a dose of $1.73{\times}10^{15}cm^{-2}$. The $n^+$ region were formed by multiple nitrogen ion-implantations and r-GO capping layer was produced by spray coating method. AFM measurements revealed that RMS value of the sample capped with r-GO was tenfold decrease compared to the sample without r-GO capping. The improvement of surface states was also verified by the improvement of leakage current level.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Obesity is caused by the excess accumulation of fat in the body due to energy imbalance, and it causes various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate an anti-obesity efficacy and an antioxidant activity of water from herbal mixture extract (SM17). Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. To evaluated anti-obesity effect of SM17, we used a high fat diet fed mouse model. The SM17 (150 mg/kg body weight/day, p.o.) was treated every day for 6 weeks to C57BL/6 mice. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. The changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferanse (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerids (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were analyzed after experiment. Also, expression of lipid metabolism related proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : It was effective in antioxidant measurements, SM17 administration inhibited the biomarkers of lipid metaboism in serum and tissues. The administration of SM17 showed a significant reduction of body and tissue weight. Morever, it decreased ROS, ALT, AST, TG and TC in serum, compared with those of the obese mice. Adipogenesis-related protein expressions increased in obese mice compared to normal mice. However, SM17 group exhibited the down-expression of these proteins. Conclusion : A SM17 aqueous extract has a great effect on the stimulation (AMPK) activation, and may have a benefit to reduce a fatty acid metabolism through inhibition of lipid accumulation.