• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2018

Improper management and unsanitary approaches are implemented in disposal of leachate, which has resulted in groundwater pollution at village Uruli Devachi, Pune, India. Various physico-chemical treatment methods are commercially available for leachate treatment. However, the application of biological methods viz. phytoremediation to the municipal solid waste landfill leachate has been limited. We report the remediation ability of Typha aungstifolia and Acrorus calamus that is capable of reducing hazardous constituents from the landfill leachate. After 96 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), it was observed that T. aungstifolia-treated sample showed high reduction potential in reducing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hardness, total dissolved solids, Na, Mg, Ca and Ni whereas A. calamus showed greater reduction capacity for alkalinity, Cl, Cu, Zn and Cr. Furthermore, it was also observed that T. aungstifolia withstood longer HRT than A. calamus. In situ application of T. aungstifolia and A. calamus for remediation of landfill leachate carries a tremendous potential that needs to be further explored.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine firstly the composition of the essential oil from fresh changpo (Acorus calamus var. angustatus Bess) roots quantitatively and qualitatively by use of two internal standards, and secondly volatile compounds which are primarily responsible for the aroma of changpo roots. Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method was used for essential oil extraction, and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and sniffing test by gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O) were used to detect the characteristic impact odorants. According to the instrumental analysis of changpo root essential oil, cis, trans-famesol (47.56 mg/kg of fresh wt), octanoic acid (23.73 mg/kg of fresh wt), trans-2-dodecenal (20.28 mg/kg of fresh wt) and trans, trans-farnesol (13.81 mg/kg of fresh wt) were the most abundant compounds. Geranyl acetate, trans-nerolidol and trans, trans-farnesyl acetate were evaluated as the characteristic impact odorants of changpo roots from results of AEDA and sniffing test. Especially, geranyl acetate was considered as the most similar odor component to changpo roots by organoleptic evaluation with GC/O.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze effects of soil, water level and shading on growth of sweet flag(Acorus calamus var. angustatus). Three types of soil were used, which included sandy, silty loam and paddy loam soil. Three levels of shading were applied in the experiment: no shading, 55％ shading and 75％ shading. The water levels were also adjusted to three levels in the experiment. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The cultivation of sweet flag in sandy soil with low water level resulted in decreased fresh weight compared to that at planting. This result indicates that the water level should be maintained higher than the soil surface for sweet flag growth in sandy soil. 2. 5 out of 72 sweet flags died in paddy loam soil. Water saturation of soil easily reduced paddy loam soil, and root growth of sweet flags in reduced soil condition were restricted, resulting in the dead plants. 3. The growth of sweet flag in paddy loam soil was worse than those in silty loam, indicating that reduced soil conditions in paddy loam is harmful to root growth. In planting sweet flags in paddy loam, improved soil aeration in paddy loam soil is necessary for good growth of sweet flag. 4. The maintaining of high water levels is better than that of low water levels in sweet flag cultivation. During winter, soil near the water surface froze and sweet flags in frozen soil were stressed physiologically. Maintaining high water levels prevents soil from being frozen which is good for the growth of sweet flags. 5. There was not significant difference in the growth of the sweet flag between non-shading and 55％ shading. It thus appears that sweet flags can grow soundly under shading rate lower than 55％.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

This study was carried out to select the utilizable vegetations for the stabilization of slopes and river banks, landscape creation and water quality cleansing in dams, lakes and streams. In this study, 4 species were investigated for their survival and growth characteristics in the complete and partly flooding conditions with various flooding periods. The results are as followings; Acorus calamus var. angustatus showed the highest flooding tolerance based on survival rate and growth condition. Equisetum hyemale, Acorus gramineus and Salix gracilistyla followed after Acorus calamus var. angustatus in the order of flooding tolerance. Particularly, A. calamus var. angustatus and E. hyemale showed higher survival rate and grew well even when they were completely submerged in the water up to 120 days. As they were partially submerged longer, they grew better. This ascertained that they had strong flooding tolerance. When A. gramineus were completely submerged in the water, their growth was disturbed but they did not die in the complete submergence up to 120 days. A. gramineus had a small growth disturbance and showed the highest vitality of leaves among the species. Though S. gracilistyla showed somewhat low growth rate in the complete water submergence and died in 90 days, it also can grow back to normal with some changes of water level.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2002

창포 뿌리를 주근(main mot)과 측근(lateral root)으로 분리하여 열풍건조 분쇄, 분말화한 후 일반성분, 당 및 아미노산등 화학성분을 분석하여 식품학적 특성을 검토하였다. 주근과 측근 건조분말에는 각각 조단백질 12.76%, 9.84%와 조지방 7.43%, 3.42%로 높게 함유하고 있어 에너지공급원과 식물성 고단백질 원료로서의 우수한 영양학적 가치를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 유리당으로는 sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, glucose 및 fructose 등으로, 특히 sucrose가 주근과 측근에 각 10.85％와 12.27%로 높게 함유하고 있었다. 창포뿌리 주근의 건조분말은 총아미노산 함량은 426.81 mg%이었고, 특히 arginine 78.91 mg%와 glutamic acid 69.73 mg%로 높은 함량 수준을 보였다. 측근 건조분말의 총아미노산 함량은 470.13 mg%로 주근 보다 다소 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 특히l arginine이 116.91 mg%로 주근의 arginine 함량보다 매우 높은 함량 수준을 보였다. 주된 유리아미노산으로는 asparagine, arginine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine 등의 순으로 높게 함유되어 있고, 특히, 주근 건조분말에는 asparagine이 128.53mg%, 측근 건조분말에는 arginine이 86.10 mg%로 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었다. 필수아미노산 함량은 유리아미노산의 경우는 phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine 등이 높게 함유되어 있었으며, 특히, 주근 건조분말에는 threonine이 15.62 mg%, 측근 건조분말에는 phenylalanine 12.67 mg%로 타 필수 아미노산에 비해 매우 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권3호통권18호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of the types of Acori Graminei Rhizoma. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology for the several types of Acori Graminei Rhizoma. 1. External shape: Acorus gramineus has smaller size and fibroidal section. A. calamus has bigger size and cancellate section. A. tatarinowii has middle size and fibroidal section. Anemone altaica has very small long-spindle shape and flat section that has 6-12 row of vascular bundle. 2. Internal shape: Acorus gramineus has some bundle sheath fiber, but A. calamus has not. A. tatarinowii has many calcium oxalate crystalloid around bundle sheath. Anemone altaica has obscure cambium. All sample except A. altaica, in the mass, has scattered bundle, thin cell wall, broad cortex and well-developed endodermis. For the future, such results will be used as the basic source of additional research, and a far-reaching comparative study is needed to distinguish between many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2002년도 제9차 국제심포지움 및 추계정기학술발표회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2002

Occurrences of diseased sweet flag (Acorus calamus L. var. asiaticus) were found in Chonju and Buan Province, on August 2002. The typical symptoms of the disease affected the leaves, pods, and collar of the infected plants. The leaves or pods became darker brown, then dry rotted, and white fluffy mycelia formed on the lesion. The collar, of the infected plants, formed black spot. The spores grew rapidly on PDA medium. Pathogenic fungi have not been identified clearly, as of yet. These fungi were formed from developed spores, as well as, undeveloped spores. These fungi suggest that Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp.. The range of temperatures were tested from 5$^{\circ}C$ to 35$^{\circ}C$ for mycelial growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on the fungus disease of sweet flag by some pathogens, in Korea. We would like to do further research for single spore isolation, pathogenity, and characterization of fungi.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2003

Vegetation structure was investigated in the Hwapo wetland around the Nakdong-gang, Gimhae-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from May to August, 2001. The vegetation type was classified into 18 communities based on the actual vegetation map: Phragmites communis community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Salix nipponica community, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea community, Zizania latiofolia community, Cyperus amuricus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Trapa japonica community, Phragmites communis-Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Salix nipponiaz-Misaznthus sacchariflorus community, Cyperus amuricus-Acorus calamus var. angustatus community, Salvinia natans community, Hydrilla verticillata-Spirodela polyrhiza community, Persiazria maackiana community, Trapa japonica-Salvinia natans community, Hydrilla verticillata community, Potamogeton crispus community, and Populus deltoides community. Among them, Phragmites communis community was the largest (34.9 ha, 29.53%). The dominant vegetation type was Persiazria hydropiper - Persicaria maackiana community based on the phytosociological method, and it was classified into four subcommunities: Phalaris arundinacea-Salix nipponica subcommunity, Miscanthus sacchariflorus subcommunity, Phragmites communis subcommunity, and Spirodela polyrhiza subcommunity, and Acorus calamus var. angustatus group belongs to Miscanthus sacchariflorus subcommunity.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2002

창포의 뿌리를 주근(main root)과 측근(lateral root)으로 분리하여 3$0^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조분말의 주된 포화지방산으로는 caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid 및 heneicosanoic acid 등 10종이 확인되었고, 이들은 각각 주근과 측근의 경우 caprylic acid가 28.35%, 31.44%이었고, 불포화지방산으로는 linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid 및 linolenic acid 등 6종이 확인되었고 이들 중 가장 높은 함유량을 보인 linoleic acid가 주근에 25.55%, 측근에 23.43%가 함유되어 있었다. 주요 유기산으로는 주근과 측근에 succinic acid, malic acid 및 citric acid 등으로 구성되어 있었고, 특히 succinic acid가 주근과 측근에서 각각 2,790 mg%, 2,630 mg%로 높은 함량을 함유하고 있었다. 무기질로는 K, Ca, p, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu 등 9종을 함유하고 있었으며, 창포뿌리의 주된 무기질로 확인된 K의 함량은 측근에 454 mg%로 주근의 194 mg% 보다 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Ascorbic acid 함량은 주근과 측근에 각각 113.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 125.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g을 함유하고 있었고, 총페놀성 물질 함량은 주근에 463 mg%, 측근에 474 mg%로 매우 높은 수준이었으며 조사포닌의 함량은 주근에 2.51%, 측근에 3.39%로 높은 함량을 보였다.