• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.443-447
• /
• 2016

미세조류 세포벽은 셀룰로오스가 주요 구성성분으로 리그닌을 포함하지 않아 낮은 온도의 전처리 조건에서도 효과적으로 셀룰로오스와 헤미셀룰로오스 분해가 가능하다. 차세대 바이오매스로 주목 받는 미세조류(Tetraselmis KCTC 12236BP)로부터 $120^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도 조건에서 열수전처리를 이용한 발효당 생산 증대를 위해 공정조건을 최적화하였다. 주요 공정조건인 추출온도, 황산농도와 추출시간에 따른 당화율 변화를 확인하였을 때, 온도와 황산농도가 글루코오스 생산에 큰 영향을 컸으며 당화율이 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경제성을 고려한 열수전처리 최적조건은 $120^{\circ}C$, 2 mol 황산, 40분으로 95.9%의 당화율을 얻을 수 있었다. 탈지미세조류의 황산 열수전처리와 효소당화를 비교했을 때, 황산 열수전처리의 당화율이 2.1배 이상 높고 전처리 시간이 짧아 황산 열수전처리가 효소당화에 비해 효과적인 공정임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2010

유청단백질농축물(WPC)은 풍부한 단백질 및 다양한 생리활성 물질들을 함유하고 있음으로 식품의 단백질 보충 및 건강 기능성 향상을 위해 식품산업에서 널리 사용되고 있는 유용한 식품소재 중에 하나이다. 본 연구는 유용 기능성 식품소재로 활용이 가능한 유청단백질의 산업화와 관련된 사항들을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 한외여과를 이용한 WPC 제조과정에서 WPC-30을 포함한 한외여과 기의 국산화 가능성을 확인했다. 한외여과, 분무건조 및 단백질분해 효소를 이용하여 제조한 WPC-30 가수분해물의 이화학적 기능성을 검토한 결과 단백질 가수분해능 및 관능성에 대한 평가는 alcalase 처리했을 때 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 거품 형성능은 flavourzyme 처리한 WPC-30 가수분해물에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 또한 다양한 pH조건에서의 단백질의 용해도를 측정한 결과, protamex 처리한 WPC-30 가수분해물에서 가장 높은 용해도를 나타내었다. 그러나 모든 WPC-30 가수분해물의 용해도는 알차리 조건에서는 유의적으로 개선되는 효과를 보였다. 이들 결과들을 총체적으로 검토한 결과, 효소를 이용한 유청단백질의 가수분해는 알카리조건에서 alcalase를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.1-1
• /
• 2001

As the basic study to investigate the mechanism of improvement in the dyeing fastness of natural dyes on silk fabrics the optical behavior of tannin solution, the optimal condition of tannin treatment and the changes of the physical structure of silk fabrics were studied in the treatment of tannin. Results obtained were as follows ; 1.The K/S values of tannin-treated silk fabrics were not changed by tannin content on silk fabrics but yellowing of tannin in treatment condition. 2. As the concentration of tannin was increased in its treating condition, the tannin content and K/S vague of tannin-treated silk fabrics were increased. 3. Because tannin gave rise to yellowing by hydrolysis and oxidation at high temperature, the higher tannin-treating temperature was, the lower the tannin content and K/S values of silk fabrics 4. The tannin content of silk fabric was higher in acidic treating condition and the highest K/S value was showed at pH 5. 5. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the value of ζ -potential of it became negative. 6. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the crystallinity and crystallite size of it were decreased. This meant that the fraction of amorphous region in the fibers increased. And the degree of orientation of it was decreased with the tannin treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.289-297
• /
• 2001

As the basic study to investigate the mechanism of improvement in the dyeing fastness of natural dyes on silk fabrics the optical behavior of tannin solution, the optimal condition of tannin treatment and the changes of the physical structure of silk fabrics were studied in the treatment of tannin. Results obtained were as follows ; 1 The K/S values of tannin-treated silk fabrics were not changed by tannin content on silk fabrics but yellowing of tannin in treatment condition. 2. As the concentration of tannin was increased in its treating condition, the tannin content and K/S vague of tannin-treated silk fabrics were increased. 3. Because tannin gave rise to yellowing by hydrolysis and oxidation at high temperature, the higher tannin-treating temperature was, the lower the tannin content and K/S values of silk fabrics 4. The tannin content of silk fabric was higher in acidic treating condition and the highest K/S value was showed at pH 5. 5. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the value of $\xi$ -potential of it became negative. 6. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the crystallinity and crystallite size of it were decreased. This meant that the fraction of amorphous region in the fibers increased. And the degree of orientation of it was decreased with the tannin treatment.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.621-623
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 Dimethyl terephtalate (DMT) 제조 공정에서 발생하는 반응 부산물로부터 고순도의 Methyl 4-formylbenzoate (MFB)를 정제하는 방법에 관한 내용이다. 반응 부산물에 포함된 MFB의 알데하이드 작용기와 메탄올을 반응시켜 아세탈 화합물로 전환하여 분리하고, 연속적으로 산 촉매 하에 가수분해하여 90% 수율로 MFB를 얻을 수 있었다. 얻어진 MFB는 $^1H$ NMR 및 $^{13}C$ NMR로 구조를 확인하였으며 또한 GC 분석을 통해서 99% 이상의 순도를 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1989

This paper is concerned with formaldehyde release from durable press finished rayon fabrics. $100\%$ rayon fabrics were treated with 3 kinds of commercial N-methylol crosslinking agents using a pad-dry cure technique. Aqueous extractions of fabric samples were carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ under pH's of 4, 7, 10. Formaldehyde release was evaluated for the types of resins, catalyst concentrations and extraction conditions. Results indicated that the higher concentration of catalyst leads to the more fixation of resin on the fabric. Total formaldehyde released to the extract was decreased as the catalyst concentration increased. For the resin types, the amount of formaldehyde released was in the order of DMU>MDMDHEU>DMDHEU. Free formaldehyde content in the extract was in the order of pH10>pH4>pH7. This result proved that resins are least resistant to alkaline hydrolysis and the N-C bond cleavage under alkaline condition. Under acidic condition, however, N-methylol formaldehyde was accumulated before the release of free formaldehyde. This suggested the C·0 bond cleavalge to form carbonium - immonim intermediate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2000

The production and cation flux-mediated activation of the P-type ATPase in Helicobacter pylori was investigated. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the proton pump genotype of H. pylori was found to be positive for both F-type and P-type ATPases. Yet, their production in terms of enzyme specific activity varied substantially depending on H. pylori strains, ranging over 3-fold. Its main constituent appeared to be the P-type ATPase pool, in contrast to other common bacterial compositions. Interestingly, the F-type ATPase was observed only when intact H. pyloricells were exposed to pH 4.5 or above (37$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h). In contrast, significant amounts of the P-type ATPase still remained after 1 h of cell treatment even at pH below 4.5. By enriching the acidic medium with RPMI(pH 3.0), the P-type ATPase was stabilized, accompained by inactivation of the F-type ATPase. Using H. pylori membrane vesicles, it was found that ammionia-mediated cation flux increased the rate of ATP hydrolysis by the P-type ATPase. Accordingly, these data strongly suggest that the P-type ATPase is involved or functions as an effective regulator for the cation flux across the H. pylori membrane, thereby reducing the risk of excess proton influx.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2017

나일론의 단량체인 아디픽산을 바이오매스인 갈락토스로부터 얻기 위한 효율적인 합성법을 개발하였다. 백금촉매를 이용한 갈락토스의 산화반응을 통해 얻어진 갈락타릭산으로부터 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 탈산소탈수(DODH)반응을 통하여 30 min의 매우 짧은 반응 시간 안에 97%의 높은 수율로 아디픽산의 주요 중간체인 뮤코네이트를 합성하였다. 생성된 뮤코네이트는 팔라듐 촉매를 이용한 수소화 반응 및 가수분해 반응을 통하여 성공적으로 나일론의 단량체인 고순도의 아디픽산으로 전환되었다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 2003

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) procedure is presented for the simultaneous qualification and quantitation of methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AMP), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in human hair. The method procedure involves decontamination of hair with distilled water and acetone, acidic hydrolysis, extraction in the presence of deuterated internal standards, and GC-MS analysis after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in ethylacetate. The limit of detection for 5 drugs were about 0.1∼0.15 ng/mg using 30 mg hair sample. Coefficient variations of correlation ranged from 0.9941 to 0.9993. The recoveries of these drugs were found to be 93.4∼104.4％. The concentrations of AMP, MA, MDA, and MDMA in abusers' hair samples were measured 0.17∼2.88, 2.09∼18.34, 0.24∼3.83, and 3.10∼22.81 ng/mg, respectively. The ratios of MA/AMP and MDMA/MDA ranged 5.67∼49.57 and 4.78∼54.31, respectively. This assay has been successfully utilized in the evaluation of the deposition of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in human hair.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 1983

Aspergillus phoenicis의 ${\beta}-galactosidase$ 활성을 ONPG와 lactose를 기질로서 사용하여 조사하였다. 이 효소 활성은 성장의 대수기 동안은 서서히 증가하였으나 정지기가 시작되면서 급격하게 감소하였다. 또한 이 효소는 높은 온도에서도 좋은 효소 활성을 유지하였으며, 산성 pH에서 최고의 효소활성을 나타내었다. ${\beta}-galactosidase$는 lactose보다 ONPG에 대한 기질의 친화력이 더 좋았으며, 효소 활성도 ONPG의 경우가 더 높았다. Lactose의 가수분해율은 반응액중의 lactose의 농도가 낮을 수록 높았으며, 사용균의 무게에 따라 초기에는 증가하다가 어느 수준 이상에서 부터는 점근값을 나타내었다. 효소의 활성은 효소의 고정 방법 및 조건에 영향을 받았으며, matrix의 가교가 pH 7.2 및 0.35 vol. %의 glutaraldehyde 농도에서 행하여졌을 때, 가장 높은 효소 활성을 보였다.