• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2013

In this study, the surface of a phenol based activated carbon (AC) used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor was modified via boric acid treatment for the capacitance investigation. The effect of boric acid treatment on electrochemical performance was also investigated. The AC surface functional groups ratio of quinone-like (O=C) which is electrochemical active functional groups was increased after the boric acid treatment. And, boric acid treated AC showed an increase in the specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume. In case of optimum boric acid treated AC, its specific capacitance increased by 20% in comparison to that of untreated AC. These results demonstrate that a boric acid treated carbon surface-based electric double layer capacitor electrode effectively enhances specific capacitance.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2010

Because Lonicerae Flos has effects of antiinflammatory and antioxidant, we studied an effect of Lonicerae Flos on reflux esophagitis (RE) through those effects. Rats were treated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, we dissected a stomach and examined a stomach volume, gastric acid output, pepsin release in the stomach, total hexose, sialic acid in stomach tissue and histamine contents of sera. The results were compared with an ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (once orally, 1hr before operation, 30 mg/kg) treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Lonicerae Flos extract (LE) reduced gastric volumes compared to RE control. This indicate that LE protect a stomach mucosa by depressing of gastric acid release and corresponse with a reducing histamine content of serum. And LE decreasd a volume of pepsin in stomach compraed to RE control, LE increased contents of total hexose and sialic acid based on esophageal and gastric mucus. This indicated that an increased mucus by LE protected inflammation of esophagus mucosa and gastric mucosa induced by gastric acid. So, LE suppressed a gasric acid by decreasing a pepsin release in stomach, suppressed an injury of esophagus inducted by gastric acid with increasing esophageal mucus and a minimum dose of LE to RE was 250 mg/kg. The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1993

The acute toxicity of orally administered poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid), powerfully water-absorbent polymer, was el'aluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and feR mice. Rats and mice aging 6 weeks were gavaged with 0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.4, 6.7, or 10 g of poly(sodium acrylic acidacrylic acid)/kg in com oil. No animal died by treatment and any toxic symptom was not observed in the treated animals during 2 weeks. The body weight of the treated animals was not significantly different from the controls. The results of macroscopic examination on the organs of the treated animals revealed no abnormal findings. Therefore, it was concluded that poly(sodium acrylic acidacrylic acid) was practically non-toxic when it was orally administrated to rats and mice up to 10 g/kg, and its $LD_{50}$ was evaluated more than 10 g/kg in rats and mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 1989

The soy milk prepared from soy protein concentrate was treated with pretense of various concentrations. Growth and acid production by Lactobacillus acidophilus or L. bulgaricus in soy milk containing partially hydrolyzed protein were investigated. Sensory evaluation of soy yogurt beverages prepared from pretense treated soy milk was also performed. The treatment of soy milk with pretense markedly enhanced acid production by lactic acid bacteria, particularly by L. acidophilus, whereas pH and number of viable cells were not .affected by pretense treatment. Protease treatment of 15 minutes greatly enhanced acid production by lactic acid bacteria, but further treatment up to three hours did not affect the acidity markedly. The sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of soy yogurt beverages was slightly improved when soy milk was treated with pretense of 0.1%. The amount of non-protein nitrogen was considerably increased by pretense treatment of 15 minutes and it reached the maximum value by treatment of two hours.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the bond regeneratiom effects of treatment using silk fibroin membrane ( Nanogide-S$^{(R)}$ ) resorbable barrier with control group treated by polyactic acid / polylacticglycolic acid membrane(Biomesh$^{(R)}$ ) Methods: 44 severe bone loss on extraction socket from 44 patients were used in this study. In experimental group 22 sites of them were treated by silk fibrin membrane as and the other 22 sites were treated by polyactic acid/ polylacticglycolic acid membrane as a control group. Clinical parameters including recovered bone width, length and radiographic parameter of vertical length were evlauated at base line and 3 months after surgery. Results: 1) Severe bone width, length was significantlly decreased in two group. 2) Bone width, length was significantlly decreased in two group. 3) Decreased bone width, length and radiographic examination differences between group. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, silk fibrin resorbable membrane has similar bone regeneration ability to polyactic acid / polylacticglycolic acid membrane in guided bone regeneration for severe bone loss defect on extraction socket.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Pinus rigida specimens treated with piperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP), methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MPIPEABP), and N,N-dimethylethylene-diaminomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MDEDAP). Pinus rigida Plates were painted in three times with 15 wt% alkylenedi-aminoalkyl-bis-phosphonic acid solutions at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the specimens treated with chemicals showed the later time to peak mass loss rate ($TMLR_{peak}$) = (315~420) s than that of virgin plate by reduc-ing the burning rate except for $TPMR_{peak}$ (280 s) treated with DMDAP. In adition, the specimens treated with chemicals showed both the higher total smoke release rate (TSRR) (407.3~902.0) $m^2/m^2$ and $CO_{mean}$ production (407.3~902.0) $m^2/m^2$ than those of virgin plate. Especially, for the specimens treated with PIPEABP, 1st-smoke production rate (1st-SPR) (0.1250~0.1297) g/s was lower than that of virgin plate, while the 2nd-SPR (0.183 g/s) was higher. Thus, It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated alkylenediaminoalkyl-bis-phos-phonic acids in the virgin Pinus rigida.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2015

As an approach to search for chemopreventive agents, we tested p-coumaric acid, 3-methoxy-p-coumaric acid (ferulic acid), and 3,5-dimethoxy-p-coumaric acid (sinapic acid) in B16/F10 melanoma cells. Intracellular melanin contents were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and cytotoxicity of the compounds were examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. p-Coumaric acid showed inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, but ferulic acid increased melanin content, and sinapic acid had almost no effect on melanogenesis. Treatment with ferulic acid resulted in a 2 to 3 fold elevation in the production of melanin. Correlatively, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with ferulic acid. However, ferulic acid did not affect the LDH release from the cells. Treatment with sinapic acid resulted in a 50~60% elevation in the release of LDH when treated with a $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and showed neither cytostasis nor increase of melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, p-coumaric acid inhibits melanogenesis, ferulic acid induces melanogenesis, and sinapic acid exerts cytotoxic effects in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. The results indicate that the addition of methoxy groups to p-coumaric acid shows the melanogenic or cytotoxic effects in melanoma cells compared to the original compound. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility that methoxylated p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid can be used as a chemopreventive agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.424-434
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• 2020

Background: Amino acids are one of the major constituents in Panax ginseng, including neutral amino acid, acidic amino acid, and basic amino acid. However, whether these amino acids play a role in ginsenoside conversion during the steaming process has not yet been elucidated. Methods: In the present study, to elucidate the role of amino acids in ginsenoside transformation from fresh ginseng to red ginseng, an amino acids impregnation pretreatment was applied during the steaming process at 120℃. Acidic glutamic acid and basic arginine were used for the acid impregnation treatment during the root steaming. The ginsenosides contents, pH, browning intensity, and free amino acids contents in untreated and amino acid-treated P. ginseng samples were determined. Results: After 2 h of steaming, the concentration of less polar ginsenosides in glutamic acid-treated P. ginseng was significantly higher than that in untreated P. ginseng during the steaming process. However, the less polar ginsenosides in arginine-treated P. ginseng increased slightly. Meanwhile, free amino acids contents in fresh P. ginseng, glutamic acid-treated P. ginseng, and arginine-treated P. ginseng significantly decreased during steaming from 0 to 2h. The pH also decreased in P. ginseng samples at high temperatures. The pH decrease in red ginseng was closely related to the decrease in basic amino acids levels during the steaming process. Conclusion: Amino acids can remarkably affect the acidity of P. ginseng sample by altering the pH value. They were the main influential factors for the ginsenoside transformation. These results are useful in elucidating why and how steaming induces the structural change of ginsenoside inP. ginseng and also provides an effective and green approach to regulate the ginsenoside conversion using amino acids during the steaming process.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.793-801
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• 2014

This study evaluated the qualitative properties of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) peels as food materials. Proximate composition, sweetness, pH, total acidity, color, mineral, fatty acid, free sugar and organic acid contents of preprocessed lotus root were measured. Crude moisture, protein, and total fiber contents of non-peeled treated Lotus roots were higher than those of peeled treated lotus roots (p<0.05). Lightness and yellowness of color were reduced by peeling process, whereas redness increased (p<0.05). The mineral contents of Mg, Ca, Fe and Na were higher in non-peeled lotus roots, whereas peeled treated lotus root showed higher K contents (p<0.05). The major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The total free sugar content of non-peeled lotus roots was higher than that of peeled treated lotus roots (p<0.05). Glucose content was not significantly different, whereas fructose, sucrose, and maltose contents were significantly different. The organic acid and free amino acid contents were higher in peeled lotus roots (p<0.01).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1997

This study was to find out the differences of the characteristics on chitosan from source, the crab and the shrimp. Chitosan was depolymerized in NaBO₃·4H₂O under various reaction time and temperature. 4 Chosen chitosan dissolved in acetic acid and treated to cotton fabrics. The cotton fabrics treated with chitosan showed an exellent antibacterial activity irrespective of the viscosity. Stiffness of the treated cotton fabrics increased 3∼8 times than untreated cotton fabric, it gives harshness to treated cotton fabrics, it gives harshness to treated cotton fabrics like linen. Air permeability of the treated cotton fabrics increased. Stiffness and air permeability are respective to viscosity of the chitosan.