• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1979

Many researches have found that the anionic surfactants are effective when the anionic soil is attached to the cotton fabrics. However, this research investigated the relationship of the super soil removal and surfactants when the anionic and cationic soil was attached to the cationic cotton fabrics. The result is that the cationic surfactants are vary effective for soil removal in the cationic cotton fabrics. The processing and nature of cationic cotton fabrics are treated and investigated as follows: Cotton fabrics are heated in the presence of ethylenimine and acetic acid dissolved in benzene to contain a significant amount of fixed nitrogen. Some polymer was formed but removal by washing with benzene and water. The optinium molor ratio of acid-to-ethylenimine seemed to be in the range 1: 10. The treated cotton fabrics dyed with acid Orange II dyes, and nitrogen content in the treated cotton fabrics were determined by the Kjeldahl method.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 1999

This study was made to investigate the effects of mimosa tannin and tannic acid on change of properties and photodegradation of silk fabrics according to tannin concentration and irradiation time. The results were as follows. 1. As concentration of tannin increased, thickness, fabric count and stiffness showed no difference. But tensile strength were increased, and elongation were decreased. 2. When concentration of tannin is high, tannin adhered to surface of fabrics. 3. fR absorption bands of untreated silk fabric appeared at $3400cm^{-1},\; 1640cm^{-1},\;1445cm^{-1},\;1235cm^{-1},\;and\;675cm^{-1}$, but those of silk fabric treated with tannic acid appeared at $1710cm^{-1}\;and\;3400cm^{-1}$ by treatment of mimosa tannin, respectively. IR absorption bands of photoirradiated silk fabrics appeared at $3400cm^{-1},\;3280cm^{-1},\;2960cm^{-1},\;2920cm^{-1},\; 1720cm^{ -1},\;1380cm^{-1},\;1280cm^{-1},\;1120cm^{-1},\;and\;1070cm^{-1}$. But those bands were decreased at the silk fabrics treated with mimosa tannin and tannic acid.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1996

To investigate the food preservative effects of mustard seed(Brassica juncea), mustard seed were added to Kimchi. Titratable acidity of Kimchi treated with mustard seed was higher than that of non-treated control at initial stage, but it was lower than control after 2 days of fermantation. The number of bacteria and lactic acid bacteria increased rapidly at the initial stage of fermentation and reached plateau by 2 days of fermentation. The number of bacteria and lactic acid bacteria of Kimchi treated with mustard seed was lower than that of control, and the more mustard seed added the less bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were observed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1993

Wool, silk and nylon 6 fabrics were treated with low-temperature plasma under atmospheric pressure of acetone/argon or helium/argon for 30 and 180 sec, and then dyed with leveling type acid dye, C.I. Acid Red 18 and milling type acid dye, C.I. Acid Blue 83. In spite of short time of the plasma treatment for thirty seconds, the color depth of wool fabrics was increased remarkably with both of the plasma gases, aceton/argon or helium/argon and with the kinds of dyes i.e., levelin type or milling type. But the atmosperic low-temperature plasmas did not increase the depth of silk and nylon 6 fabrics dyed with both of the acid dyes regardless of the teated time and plasma gases. It seems that low-temperature plasma by atmospheric-pressure discharge is effective for improvement of dyeing of wools as is the same way with the low-temperature plasma by glow discharge. The kinds of plasma gases and treated time did not influnce the depth of wool fabric pretreted with the atmosperic low-temperature plasmas.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 1988

Changes in starch content and activities of ADPG- and UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and, $\beta$-amylase were studied in order to investigate effects of gibberellic aicd and abscisic acid on endogenous starch content during shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation in Cymbidium spp. (Jungfrau) protocorm. Shoot differentiation was promoted during the degradation of endogenous starch and protocorn propagation was promoted during starch accumulation in protocorm. The activities of ADPG- and, UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and $\beta$-amylase seemed to be related with starch content. Shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation were slightly inhibited in protocorm explants treated with 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid. The explants treated with 10$\mu$M abscisic acid lost the capacity for shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation, and that could not be overcome by 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid added to culture medium. Starch content fluctuated as the control even after 10$\mu$M abscisic acid. None the less, the treatment completely inhibited shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.31 no.B
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

Humic substances is accounted for for the largest proportion in natural organic matter(NOM) and NOM is widely distributed in varying concentration in all aquatic and soil. They can affect water quality adversely in several ways by contributing undesirable color, complexing with metal and yielding metal concentrations exceeding normal solubility. Ozonation is one of the efficient treatments for degradation of humic substances which cause some problems in water treatment. Especially, the combination of ozone and granular activated carbon was applied to degradation humic acid in aquatic system. The aim of this work to test the available of acid-treated granular activated carbon as catalyst in the ozonation of humic acid.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1978

The aim of this research was to discover the action mechanism of various antituberculosis agents (isoniazid, paraaminosalicylic acid and streptomycin) which act on Mycobacteria tuberculosis hominis $H_{37}R_v$ and also to study the relationship of ultrastructural changes and the growth pattern in Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis. The ultrastructural change was observed with an electron microscope while the growth pattern was studied through in vitro culture. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The ultrastructural changes found in the group treated only with isoniazid were the loss of nuclear materials and the appearence of electron dense granules. 2. In the group treated with paraaminosalicylic acid, thickening of nuclear filaments and meso some arrangement disorders were observed. 3. In the group treated with streptomycin, the ribosome particles appeared indistinct and the cytoplasm was denaturalized. 4. In the group cross treated with all three agents, all the ultrastructural changes mentioned above could be observed in the cell just as they appeared in the single treated groups. 5. In all of the single and in the crossly treated group, there were no significant changes note in the cell wall or cytoplasmic membranes of any of the cells observed. 6. In the cultural data in vitro, through the crossly treated group and single treated group. growth was observed in 3-5 weeks of culture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

Purpose: In order to study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Bee Venom Therapy, writhing syndrome, carrageenin induced edema, and complete adjuvant induced arthritis were experimented. Methods: 1. We used rats of writhing syndrom induced by acetic acid injection. Group I was treated with Acupuncture therapy. Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy. we compared with Group I, II and the control group. 2. We used rats of paw edema induced by carrageenin injection. Group I Was treated with Acupuncture therapy, Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy we compared with Group I, II and the control group. 3. We used rats of arthritis induced by Freud's complete adjuvant injection. Group I was treated with Acupuncture therapy, Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy we compared with GroupI,II and the control group. Results: 1. Analgesic effects on writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid injection showed statistical significance in Bee Venom treated group as compared with the control group. 2. The paw edema induced by carrageenin injection was decreased with statistical significance in Bee Venom treated group as compared with the control group. 3. The arthritis induced by Freud's complete adjuvant injection wasn't significant. Conclusion: Bee Venom Therapy was effective on inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the Preventive and treatment effects of mixed compound of vitamin E and selenium, and ursodeoxycholic acid on the pre-parturient and post-parturient fatty liver of high. yielding dairy cows. Thirty pregnant dairy cows(2 weeks preparturition) were divided into clinical(13cows) and subclinical(17 cows) groups based upon blood chemical values, blood serum protein levels and clinical symptoms. The clinical group was subdivided into treated clinical group(6 cows) and non-treated clinical group(7 cows). The cows(treated clinical group) with fatty liver diagnosed before parturition were dosed with mixed compound of vitamin I(1head) and selenium(10mg/head) intramuscularly once before and after parturition, respectively. These cows(treated clinical group) were also given ursodeoxycholic acid(50g/head) intramuscularly 3 times before parturition. The cows(treated clinical group) with fatty liver diagnosed after parturition were also given the same compounds as dosed to the above cows at same dose rate once or 3 times, respectively after parturition. Blood samples were collected from the cows on 4th, 7th and 2nd day of preparturition and on 1st, 7th, 14th and 20th day of postparturition. Blood chemical values(non-esterified fatty acid : NEFA) concentration, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, bilirubin concentration, glucose level) were checked and clinical symptoms of the cows were also observed. 1. The cows in non-treated clinical group showed severe depression, anorexia and diarrhea from prepartum period, and retained palcenta, endometritis, ketosis, abomasal displacement and mastitis after parturition. Cows in treated clinical group showed moderate depression, anorexia, diarrhea during preparturient period, but they were relieved within a week from parturition. Cows in subclinical group showed mild depression, anorexia and diarrhea after parturition, but these symptoms were not observed in prepartum period. 2. NEFA concentration, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and bilirubin concentration observed In the cows of treated clinical group were significantly lower than those of the cows non-treated clinical group. The blood glucose concentration of the cows in treated clinical group were higher than those of the cows in non-treated clinical group. These results indicate that the preparturient and postparturient fatty liver of high-yielding dairy cows could be reduced by dosing the animals with appropriate amounts of mixed compound of vitamin I and selenium, and ursodeoxycholic acid at proper times of the preparturition and postparturition of the dairy cows.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2001

The effect of ginseng on gastric ulcer and gastric acid secretion was investigated in pylorus-ligated rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley strain rats were used after 24 hours fast. Pylorus-ligation was performed under light ether anaesthesia, then gastric mucosal damage was evoked in conscious pylorus-ligated rats by the administration of subcutaneous (s.c.) indomethancin (20mg/kg), s.c. histamine (150mg/kg) or by pylorus-ligation (Shay ulcer). Ginseng was given by intragastric (i.g.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) route simultaneously with the ulcerogens. Rats were killed after 3h (indomethacin) and histamine models) or after 18h (Shay ulcer), when the gastric secretory responses, the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions and mucosal mucus content deetermined. the effect of i.p. ginseng on basal gastric acid secretion and on gastric acide secretion in indomethacin (20mg/kg, s.c.)-treated rats was also investigated in urethane anesthetized rats. Gastric acid secretion was measured by flushing of the gastric lumen with saline every 15min through an oesophageal cannula. Results: In conscious pylorus-ligated rats, i.g. ginseng(12.5-50mg/$m\ell$; 50-200mg/kg) protected against gastric mucosal lesions evoked by s.c. indomethacin or s.c. histanmine in the d3-h pylorus-lighted rat, withoutmodifying gastric acid secretory responses. Ginseng given i.p. (150 or 200mg/kg) did not reduce the gastric lesions produced by histamine or by ligating the pylorus (Shay ulcer) Ginseng given orally in 50mg/$m\ell$ (200mg/kg) increased gastric mucus secretion in saline- and indomethacin-treated conscious pylorus-ligated rats. In anaesthetized rats ginseng (50 or 200mg/kg) did not modify basal gastric acid secretion or gastric acid secretion in the indomethacin-treated rats. Conclusions: ginseng given orally exerts gastroprotective effects in the rat stomach. Such anti-ulcer effect does not involve changes in gastric acid secretory responses. In addition, ginseng possesses stimulatory effect on gastric mucus secretion, which could be one mechanism by which the compound exerts its antiulcer effect. Our data are in favor for a beneficial effect for topically applied ginseng on the gastric mucosa.