• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

최근 야외시설물에서 방부목재의 사용량이 급증하고 있다. 사용이 끝난 방부 목재는 목재 내에 중금속을 함유하고 있으므로 적절한 폐기가 요구된다. 페방부목재를 폐기하는 방법으로서, 매립과 소각에 의한 방법이 있다. 연소 시 발생하는 비소의 발생을 억제할 수 있는 방법으로서 저온 열분해 방법이 제시된다. 비소의 발생을 억제하는 온도에서 방부처리 목재를 연소한 후 탄화된 방부목재에서 중금속을 회수하였다. 높은 탄화온도를 적용할수록 구리의 회수율은 높게 나타났으며, 본 실험에 사용한 0.5% 농도의 용제(구연산, 질산, 황산, 초산, 인산)를 사용 시 크롬의 회수는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 탄화온도가 높을수록 비소의 회수량은 적게 나타났다. 방부목재 내의 크롬은 열분해 과정동안 비소와 반응하여 용출이 어려운 화합물의 형태로 변화하여 용제에 의한 회수가 어려워지는 것으로 사료된다. 열분해 온도에 의한 중금속의 용제별 회수 시험결과, 열분해에 의한 비소의 방출을 억제할 수 있는 한계온도인 $300^{\circ}C$에서 탄화를 실시하는 것이 비산가스의 발생을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 중금속의 회수에도 유리하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 1999

$5^{\circ}C$로 냉각한 전해산화수를 사용, 상치를 대상으로 하여 침지, 분사, 유수 및 다단침지법에 따른 세척방법별 살균효과 및 저장중 품질변화를 조사한 결과, 세척방법에 따른 미생물 살균효과는 전해산화수로 2분간 3회 처리한 다단 침지방식이 가장 우수하였으며, 2분간 3회 처리한 다단 침지방식으로 처리한 후 포장하여 $10^{\circ}$ 저장시의 품질변화에 있어서는, 초기 총균수는 전해산화수 처리구가 무처리구 및 수도수 처리구에 비해 각각 1/300 및 1/100정도 낮았고, 대장균군수도 침지 초기에는 전해산화수 처리구가 $3.1{\times}10^3CFU/g$으로 무처리구의 1/3,000 수준으로 매우 낮게 나타났으나 저장 3일 후부터는 무처리구와 유사한 수준이었다. 저장중의 색도변화는 전해산화수 처리구가 무처리 및 수돗물 처리구에 비해 L 및 b값이 다소 높게 나타났으며, 클로로필 함량은 초기에 무처리구보다 9% 적은 값을 나타내었으나 저장기간이 경과하면서 무처리구와 거의 같은 수준으로 감소하였다. 폐기율은 저장 6일까지 전해산화수로 침지한 상치가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 종합적 기호도는 저장 3일까지, 외관적 품질은 저장 6일까지 전해산화수 처리구가 무처리구보다 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2009

The enzymatic polymerization of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) was carried out with Lipase $CA^{(R)}$ in benzene to produce poly(12-hydroxystearate) (PHS) with a low molecular weight. When this polymerization was continued for a long reaction time, the PHS once formed was depolymerized into a cyclic diester, 13,16-dihexyl-1,14-dioxacyclohexacosane-2,15-dione (12-HSAD). Similar polymerization and depolymerization were observed when 12-hydroxyoleic acid (12-HOA) was treated with Lipase $CA^{(R)}$, whereas only polymerization occurred when 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid (12-HDA) was treated in a similar manner. The preferential formation of cyclic diesters for 12-HSA was attributed to the structural requirements due to the bulky n-hexyl side groups stemming from the ring systems.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2006

In this study, silver pre-treated activated carbons are transformed using sulfuric acid. From the results of adsorption, each isotherm shows a distinct knee band, which is characteristic of microporous adsorbents with capillary condensation in micropores. In order to reveal the causes of the differences in adsorption capacity and specific surface area after the samples were washed with various strengths of sulfuric acid, surface morphology and external pore structure were investigated by SEM. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that Ag-activated carbons show better performance for silver and silver compounds removal by post-treatment with acid. The FT-IR spectra of silver-activated carbon samples show that the acid post-treatment was consequently associated with the removal of silver with an increased surface functional group containing oxygen of the activated carbon. The type and quality of oxygen groups are determined on the method proposed by Boehm. For the chemical composition microanalysis of silver-activated carbons transformed by post-treatment with sulfuric acid, samples were analyzed by EDX.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.522-529
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation either alone or in combination with cell wall degrading enzymes on the fermentation characteristics and chemical compositions of Rhodesgrass silage. Over to 1 kg of fresh Rhodesgrass sample a treatment of inoculant LAB with or without addition of an enzyme of Acremoniumcellulase (A) or Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both enzymes (AM) was applied. The treatments were control untreated, LAB-treated (application rate $1.0{\times}10^5cfu/g$ fresh sample), LAB+A 0.005%, LAB+A 0.01%, LAB+A 0.02%, LAB+M 0.005%, LAB+M 0.01%, LAB+M 0.02 %, LAB+AM 0.005%, LAB+AM 0.01%, and LAB+AM 0.02%. The sample was ensiled into 2-L vinyl bottle silo, with 9 silages of each treatment were made. Three silages of each treatment were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ for 2-months of storage period. All silages were well preserved with their fermentation quality has low pH values (3.91-4.26) and high lactic acid concentrations (4.11-9.89 %DM). No differences were found in fermentation quality and chemical composition of the control untreated silage as compared to the LAB-treated silage. Combined treatment of LAB+cellulases improved the fermentation quality of silages measured in terms of lower (p < 0.01) pH values and higher (p < 0.05) lactic concentrations than those of LAB-treated silages. Increasing amount of cellulase addition resulted in decrease (p < 0.05) of pH value and increase (p < 0.05) of lactic acid concentration. LAB + cellulase treatments (all cellulase types) reduced (p < 0.01) NDF, ADF and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages compared with the control untreated silages. The fermentation quality and the rate of cell wall reduction were higher (p < 0.01) in the silages treated with LAB + cellulase A than in the silages treated with either LAB+cellulase M or LAB + cellulase AM. Incubation temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ was likely to be more appropriate environment for stimulating the fermentation of Rhodesgrass silages than those of 20 and $30^{\circ}C$.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

After the introduction of cyclosporin, the graft survival rate of renal transplant and patients' life expectancy have been greatly improved. However, cyclosporin is known to cause several undesirable side effects, one of which is hyperuricemia, which may subsequently cause gouty nephropathy and graft dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and predisposing factors of hyperuricemia in cyclosporin-treated patients within one year of kidney transplantation and uricosuric efficacy of benzbromarone. The patients who were treated with cyclosporin after kidney transplantation in 1998 and the patients who were treated with benzbromarone for the control of cyclosporin-induced hyperuricemia in 1999 were investigated retrospectively. Among the 76 patients in cyclosporin-treated patients in 1998, hyperuricemia occurred in 55 patients $(72.4\%)$ and the mean time from kidney transplantation to occurrence of hyperuicemia was $5.0\pm8.0$ months. In 1999, 22 patients were treated with benzbromarone for hyperuricemia and their mean time from kidney transplantation to occurrence of hyperuricemia was $4.5\pm10.4$ months. Acute rejection developed in one patient $(4.8\%)$ out of 21 normo-uricemic patients and 11 patients $(20.0\%)$ out of 55 hyperuricemic patients in 1998. The difference of rejection rate in these two groups was significant (p<0.001). There was no difference of rejection rate between before and after treatment of benzbromarone. Cyclosporin trough levels did not show a significant correlation with the serum uric acid levels among the three groups. However, hyperuricemic patients showed significantly higher serum creatinine levels than patients with normal uric acid levels (p<0.001). Benzbromarone decreased serum uric acid levels from $8.3\pm2.3\;mg/dl\;to\;5.1\pm2.0\;mg/dl$ (p<0.0001) and normalizing serum uric acid in all of 22 patients. Except for one patient $(4.5\%)$ who experienced diarrhea, no significant side effect was noted.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

산성배수가 발생하는 비탈면에서 생태적 녹화를 위한 산성배수 중화기법을 알아보기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 산성배수중화기법을 위한 4가지 유형의(무처리, 석회고토 처리, 인산염 처리, 석회고토 + 인산염 처리) 시험구를 조성하였다. 실험결과 산도(pH), 피복율(%), 고사율(%), 식물뿌리상태 등에서 중화기법에 따른 유의차가 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 중화기법에 따른 연구결과 (첫 번째 : 석회고토 + 인산염 처리, 두 번째 : 인산염 처리, 세 번째 : 석회고토 처리, 네 번째 : 무처리) 순서로 산도 중화 및 식물생장에 효과적이었다. 산성배수 비탈면에서 석회고토 처리와 인산염 처리는 토양산도 중화와 식물생장에 효과적이었으나, 석회고토 처리에 비해 인산염 처리가 더 효과적이었으며, 인산염 처리가 황화광물의 코팅 효과 때문에 토양산도 중화와 식물 생장에 더 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1077-1085
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• 1998

The effects of yeast on the fermentation of kimchi were investigated. The treatments were divided into two groups; yeast treatment during salting of Chinese cabbage(YS) and yeast treatment added in kimchi preparation(YF kimchi). The edible periods of the kimchi after yeast treatment during salting (YS kimchi) was extended 4~5 days by the results of pH, acidity, sensory quality. The activities of amylase, polygalacturonase and galactosidase of YS kimchi were retained at low levels compared to non treated condition throughout all fermentation periods, whereas protease activity was not significant different from the non treated condition. In addition, the contents of total hexose and uronic acid did not show remarkable change throughout fermentation, but total pentose was decreased by more than 7% at the early middle stage of fermentation(7~14 day after soaking). The change of free amino acid content was decreased by 16~44% than the non treated condition. In contrast, in the YF kimchi, the sensory quality was not good. The activities of amylase, protease, polygalacturonase and gal actosidase were appreciably higher than that of the non treated condition. Meanwhile, the contents of total hexose, total pentose and uronic acid, as products of degradation of cell wall constituents by the above enzymes, were decreased by 18~68% throughout fermentation than the non treated con dition, and total free amino acids were higher than the YS kimchi. Thus, yeast treatment during salting was found to be more effective to extend the edible periods of the kimchi.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of the composite resin cores according to surface treatment, dentin bonding agents, and thermocycling. For this study, 120 extracted premolar teeth were used. Flat occlusal surfaces were prepared with diamond disk, and treated with air-abrasion, acid-etching, combination. The composite resin core was built with Z-100 after application of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and All-Bond 2. Prepared specimens were thermocycled for 2,000 cycles. Specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24hours at $37^{\circ}C$. The microleakage was measured with a inverted metallurgical microscope(BHS313, Olympus, Japan). The following conclusions were drawn from this study: 1. The microleakages in the groups treated with air-abrasion and with acid etching were greater than that of the groups treated with combination method before thermocycling(p<0.05), the microleakages of the groups treated with air-abrasion were greater than that of the groups treated with acid-etching and combination method after thermocycling(p<0.05) 2. There were no significant difference between groups using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and the groups using All-Bond 2. 3. Thermocycling didn't affect the change of microleakage in all cases.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2000

The changes on shrinkage, dyeability, antimicrobial activities and other physical properties of wool fabrics by chitosan treatment were investigated. A acid dye, a basic dye and natural artemisia were used for dyeing of wool fabrics. For Antimicrobial test of wool fabrics, S.Aureus was used. As the results, The wool fabrics treated with chitosan showed a marked decrease in shrinkage. Dyeability increased slightly as concentration of chitosan treatment increased, Dyeability of acid dye was the highest than other dyes. On the other hand, the dyeability of basic dye on chitosan treated fabrics was lower than untreated fabrics. Reduction rates of colony of chitosan-treated wool fabrics showed from 64.8% to 85.24% as chitosan concentration increased. Reduction rates of colony of the chitosan-treated fabrics decreased by dyeing with acid and basic dye. But increased by retreating with chitosan. Fabrics dyeing with atremisia showed above 90% reduction rate against S.Aureus on all chitosan concentrations. The Tensile properties of chitosan-treated fabrics showed little decrease. The moisture regain and the air permeability was decreased on chitosan concentration on 0.1% but recovered as chitosan concentration increased. The warmth retention was increased a little by chitosan treatment. The drapeability became hard as chitosan concentration increased.