• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Gastric acid reflux has been suggested to have an association with sleep apnea(SA). This study's aim is to evaluate the relationship between reflux laryngitis and SA through the fact that the treatment of reflux laryngitis may impact the snoring and SA related symptoms in selective individuals. Methods : Population consist of 24 males and 10 female aged 34 to 66 years(mean age 50 years) confirmed by Reflux Finding Score(RFS) of PC Belafsky. Thirty four patients with reflux laryngitis and associated symptoms of SA were treated with proton pump inhibitor(Rabeprazole sodium 10mg/day) for 60 days. The degree of snoring and apnea related symptoms were evaluated using questionnaires, and palatine tonsillar hypertropy(PTH) and RFS were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results : After antireflux treatment for 60 days, the snoring(p=0.039), daytime sleepiness(p=0.002), and concentration(p=0.011) were significantly improved(p<0.05) and RFS was significantly decreased(p=0.000), but morning headache(p=0.057) and sleep apnea(p=0.083) were not significantly improved(p>0.05) and PTH was not significantly decreased(p=0.328). Conclusion : Treatment of reflux laryngitis significantly impacted the snoring, daytime sleepiness, and concentration in selective individuals. These results suggest some close relationship between reflux laryngitis and SA, and the treatment of reflux laryngitis may be some effective in those with both disorders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5741-5747
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• 2015

Purpose: To understand the epidemiology of different upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract related abnormalities through endoscopic data analysis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of three years from January 2009 to December 2011 was conducted with data from endoscopic surveillance of upper GI tract problems, collected from the Gastroenterology Unit, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. MS excel and Medcalc software (comparison of proportions) were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 10,029 (6,468 in males and 3,561 in females) endoscopies were performed during this three-year period. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Overall, ~30% of endoscopies evaluated showed patients with acid peptic disorders, 13.6% with vascular-related abnormalities, 10.6% showed structural abnormalities, followed by 6.3% with malignancies. Burden of malignancies was mostly observed in the older age group (60-69 years). Esophageal cancer cases decreased (p=0.0001) whereas stomach cancers increased over this period (p=0.0345). We also observed an increased incidence of acid peptic disease (APD) (p=0.0036) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.0002) cases during this period. Conclusions: Endoscopic diagnosis is useful for early detection of UGI anomalies and helpful for physicians to manage and treat varied kinds of UGI disorders. Analysis of data revealed changing trends in the incidence of various pathologies of the UGI tract. Functional dyspepsia and GERD definitely reduce the quality of life of the individual. The role of our diverse dietary habits and lifestyle associated with these problems have not yet been established, though there have been reports on the effect of coffee, spicy food, wheat-based diet, screening of UGI pathologies along with collection of complete personal and medical history details, can h elp in correlating the patients' condition with various aspects of lifestyle and diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2019

Hyperammonemia can be caused by several genetic inborn errors of metabolism including urea cycle defects, organic acidemias, fatty acid oxidation defects, and certain disorders of amino acid metabolism. High levels of ammonia are extremely neurotoxic, leading to astrocyte swelling, brain edema, coma, severe disability, and even death. Thus, emergency treatment for hyperammonemia must be initiated before a precise diagnosis is established. In neonates with hyperammonemia caused by an inborn error of metabolism, a few studies have suggested that peritoneal dialysis, intermittent hemodialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT) are effective modalities for decreasing the plasma level of ammonia. In this review, we discuss the current literature related to the use of RRT for treating neonates with hyperammonemia caused by an inborn error of metabolism, including optimal prescriptions, prognosis, and outcomes. We also review the literature on new technologies and instrumentation for RRT in neonates.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.825-839
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• 2014

Antioxidant activity is important for reducing oxidative stress that causes various metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are highly related to loss of productivity in livestock. Therefore, development of effective antioxidant compounds originating from plants is important for organic agriculture. Phenolic compounds in edible plants are regarded as major components relevant to antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profiles of Aronia (Aronia meloncarpa) by fermentation using different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A total of 5 strains of L. mesenteroides were used as starter cultures and their ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were measured. A total of 6 experiment runs were prepared, one for control (uninoculated) and the others (inoculated) for treatments. For biological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. For phenolic compound profiling, TLC and HPLC analysis were performed. The strains of KACC12313 and KACC12315 showed greater enzyme activity than others. Treatment with KCCM35046 showed strong and broad antibacterial activity against to Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed the highest total polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was found in KACC12315 treatment. No remarkable alteration was found in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. In phenolic compound profiling analysis, KCCM35046 showed notable alteration in compound area ratio compared to others and also showed the highest caffeic acid content. In chlorogenic acid, treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed great content than others. Treatment with KACC12315 showed the greatest content of trans-ferulic acid. As a result of relative performance indexing analysis, L. mesenteroides KCCM35046 and KACC12315 were selected as the best strain for the fermentation of Aronia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 1997

The Chongmyungtang (CMT; the combination of Acorus gramineus, polygala tenuifolia and Poria cocos) has been recognized to possess the preventive effect against several neurologic disorders in human. In this study, we examined the effect of CMT on the three parameters associated with kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicities; seizure/mortality, increased fos-related antigen (FRA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. KA induced vigorous convulsions lasting 4-6 hr. Pretreatments with CMT before KA injection significantly reduced the seizure intensity as well as the mortality. CMT pretreatments also attenuated the KA-induced increase in FRA/GFAP expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that CMT has a neuroprotective effect against KA-induced neurotoxicities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.188-197
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• 2004

Objective and Methods : This study was performed to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect of modified formulas Korean traditional medicine Cheongsinhwadam-Jeon(CSHDJ). The extract of CSHDJ was administered (p.o.) to mice for 14 days in anticonvulsant and antioxidant tests. Results : The pretreatment of CSHDJ extract prohibited pentylenetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion. In PTZ-induced convulsion, lowered level of brain ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) was restored normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased level of brain glutamic acid was lowered to normal state by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transaminase(GABA-T) was reduced to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased level of brain lipid peroxide was lowered to normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased activity of brain xanthine oxidase(XOD) was lowered by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain aldehyde oxidase lowered to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase in brain were lowered by the pretreatment of CSHDJ, whereas increased level of glutathione and increased activity of gluthathione peroxidase in brain were not changed significantly. Conclusions : Above results suggest that CSHDJ has anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect. That seems to be strongly related with the levels of GABA, glutamate, lipid peroxide and the activities of GABA-T, XOD, aldehyde oxidase, SOD, catalase in brain tissue. From these results, CSHDJ could be applied to various convulsive disorders.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2020

Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo, an annual plant primarily cultivated in China, Japan, and Korea, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases, depression, and many anxiety-related disorders. Previously, we reported the inhibitory effects of n-hexane layer of P. frutescens var. acuta extract against beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and the isolation of asarone derivatives as active constituents from n-hexane layer. In this study, dichloromethane layer of P. frutescens var. acuta was applied to bioassay-guided isolation methods accompanied with Thioflavin T (Th T) fluorescence assay to investigate the inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation and disaggregation. As the results, three triterpenoids including ursolic acid (1), tormentic acid (2) and corosolic acid (3) were isolated. All compounds reduced Aβ aggregation and increased disaggregation of preformed Aβ aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. However, the inhibitory effect of three compounds on Aβ aggregation was not correlated with antioxidant activity, which was measured by DPPH assay. Taken together, these results suggest that the triterpenoid derivatives from P. frutescens have the potential to be developed as good therapeutics or preventatives for AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2016

Variable systemic diseases affect larynx and vocal fold and result in voice change. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease make increase of intra-abdomimal pressure followed by reflux of gastric acid, which stimulate vagal-bronchopulomary reflex aggravating cough and respiratory disturbance. Fungal laryngitis in the general population is extremely rare, but can occur in immunocompromised AIDS patients. Although, initially, empirical antifungal therapy for candidiasis is often given without biopsy, diagnostic direct laryngoscopy and biopsy is imperative if a substantial clinical response is not rapidly achieved. In the highly active anti-retroviral therapy era, HIV-positive patients are living longer and are at higher risk for developing non-AIDS-defining malignancies. The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) which is related with human papilloma virus infection has increased. The survival is significantly lower among the AIDS-HNC patients with CD4 counts ${\leq}200cells/{\mu}L$. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause voice disturbance by developing cricoarytenoid joints fixation or nodule on vocal fold. Post-menopausal voice disorder (PMVD) is caused by decreased secretion of estrogen-progesterone resulting in decrease of fundamental frequency (F0). Hormonal replacement therapy is helpful to reduce F0 decrease. RA and PMVD result in slight voice change, but it could crucial in professional voice user.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

In the current study, we investigated the longitudinal association between dietary acid load and the risk of insulin resistance (IR) in the Tehranian adult population. This longitudinal study was conducted on 925 participants, aged 22~80 years old, in the framework of the third (2006~2008) and fourth (2009~2011) phases of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. At baseline, the dietary intake of subjects was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores were calculated at baseline. Fasting serum insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and again after a 3-year of follow-up; IR was defined according to optimal cut-off values. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of IR according to the PRAL and NEAP quartile categories. Mean age and body mass index of the participants were 40.3 years old of $26.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Mean PRAL and NEAP scores were -11.2 and 35.6 mEq/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest quartile of PRAL and NEAP, the highest quartile was accompanied with increased risk of IR [odds ratio (OR)=2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.32~5.97 and OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.03~4.61, respectively]. Our findings suggest that higher acidic dietary acid-base load, defined by higher PRAL and NEAP scores, may be a risk factor for the development of IR and related metabolic disorders.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods have potential as a treatment for immune-related disorders and the use of LAB has been increasing worldwide. In this study, the differential cytokine regulatory effect was examined with three isolates of lactobacilli strains; namely, Lactobacillus plantarum K55-5 isolated from dairy product, and L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K8 previously isolated from kimchi (a Korean traditional fermented vegetable). Production of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was significantly increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-treated splenocytes as compared with controls. The oral administration of L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K55-5 increased cytokine production in the immunosuppressed mouse splenocytes and blood. NK cell cytotoxic activity was also increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-fed mice. On the other hand, L. plantarum K8 did not affect cytokine induction in all the experiments performed in this study. The cytokine-inducing effect of L. plantarum K55-5 was significantly increased by lysates of heat-killed bacteria as compared with live, heat-killed, or supernatant of cell lysates. TNF-α production by lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) isolated from the three isolates of lactobacilli was compared, and it was found that K55-5 LTA had a highest cytokine-inducing ability, which was mediated by TLR2-mediated NF-κB and ERK activation. Taken together, our study suggests that L. plantarum K55-5 and L. sakei K101 can be used for the treatment of immunosuppressed disorders.