• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2016

Charcoal dyed fabrics have been widely used in home textiles and functional clothing due to their anti-statics, antibacterial, deodorization, far infrared emitting and anion releasing. Soybean fiber were regenerated from soybean. Soybean fiber have biodegradable, microbiocidal, non-allergic, and anti-ageing properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeing characteristics of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants. Soybean fabrics were dyed with charcoal solution according to concentration of charcoal, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness and investigate mordanting condition, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with charcoal were mordanted by mordanting agents such as $CH_3COOH$(acetic acid), NaCl(sodium chloride) and $AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O$(Aluminium Potassium Sulfate). Dyeability and color characteristics of charcoal dyed soybean fabric were obtained by computer color matching and SEM morphology analysis. Particle size of charcoal and color fastness were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was $1.39{\mu}m$. The dyeability of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants was increased gradually with increasing concentration of charcoal dyeing solution and saturated at about 8%(o.w.b.). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were $90{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ and 60~90 minutes respectively. The overall wash fastness at dyeing concentration 2~4%(o.w.b.) and 6~10%(o.w.b.) were 4 degree and 3-4 degree respectively. The fastness to washing according to mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions. On the other hand, the staining of adjacent fabrics, i.e. PET, Acryl, Wool, Acetate, Nylon and Cotton was found to be of grade 4 or 4-5 in all conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.433-441
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• 1995

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the influence of various pepsin-HCL pretreatment factor, hereby the factors of duration of washing for the retrieved bags, inherent to the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT), on apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (AIDCP) and apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (AIDDM). At last, the AIDCP and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AIDAA) in maize, barley, wheat, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and three mixed diets were determined with the MNBT and ileo-rectal anastomis pigs (IRAT). For the MNBT techniques, bag measuring $25{\times}40$ MM and containing 0.75 g feedstuff samples, after pre-digestion in vitro, were introduced into the ileo-rectal anastomis pigs (IRAT) gastrointestinal tract through a duodenal cannula and recovered in the ileal digesta between 6 and 12 h. later. 1. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (AIDDM) and crude protein (AIDCP) of the tested samples, with the exception of fish meal, determined by MNBT were not affected by the different pepsin-HCL pretreatment times in vitro between 2.5 h. and 4 h. 2. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference of the AIDCP and AIDDM of maize determined by the MNBT among different pepsin concentration (0.03%, 0.07% and 0.1 %) treatment in vitro. 3. The AIDCP determined with the MNBT was affected by the washed and unwashed recovered bags from the ileal digesta. 4. The AIDCP and AID amino acids (AIDAA) of maize, barley, wheat, rapeseed meal, soya-bean meal, cottonseed meal and three mixed diets from the MNBT, with a solution of 0.01N HCL (PH 2) and 0.1% of pepsin concentration, a pepsin-HCL pretreatment time in vitro or 4h. and a washing time of the recovered bag from the ileal digesta compared well with those from the IRAT. The linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) of AIDCP and AIDDA between the IRAT and MNBT.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.105-108
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• 2020

These days abattoirs' hygiene of Korea is regulated by Hazzard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Although 20 years have been left since first HACCP was adjusted in Korea, 12% of abattoirs got inconsistence on evaluations. Food poisoning caused by bacteria feces like pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella has not decreased. These bacteria on meat cross-contaminate at the abattoir. Therefore, field verification of abattoir's critical control point (CCP) and experiments to find alternative ways of the CCP were conducted. The aerobic bacteria were measured before and after high-pressure water based washing process set as CCP in most abattoirs. Four parts of cattle carcasses were selected to apply sponge-swab method. The effects were < 1 log reduction which is not significant. Lactic acid (LC), chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) were used to measure the effect of reducing bacteria on beef by the different time. LC has 1.24-2.02 log reduction for aerobic bacteria. ClO₂ has 1.44-1.96 log reduction for aerobic bacteria. SAEW has 1.1-1.91 log reduction for aerobic bacteria. There was significant difference according to concentrations (p < 0.05). This study presents legitimacy for hygiene improvement of CCP by field verification. In addition, chemical disinfectants that can be mechanically applied have better reduction effects of high-pressure washing.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.799-806
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• 1995

In industrial field, a large volume of regenerants (acid and caustic soda) and their washing effluents are regularly disposed off from the water demineralization plant during regeneration of the ion-exchanger units. Of these waste effluents, a part of the wash water discharged from the single bed Anion and Mixed Bed units can be utilized at a certain stage of their washing cycles when its conductivity is fallen down and becomes considerably less than that of the input raw water. The main aim of this specific waste effluent utilization is to dilute the TDS concentration of the input raw water (fed into the single bed ion-exchanger units) by blending. The achievement is the increase of the longevity of the production cycles of the I.E. units along with the improvement of the production quality and decrease of the regeneration frequencies. As a result, regenerant consumption would be saved because of the reduction of ionic load in feed water which will ultimately reduce the water purification cost. At the same time, the environment pollution will also be protected to a considerable extent. This operational measure is quite effective and useful specially where high TDS water is demineralized only by single bed ion-exchangers. In such case, the water treatment plant is very often found to suffer from both production quality and quantity in addition to carrying out of random and restless regenerations. Proper reuses of the aforesaid wash water effluents of the Anion and MB units excellently minimizes the difficulties experienced in practice. This paper contains the utilities and techniques of reuses of the different kinds of waste effluents of the industrial water treatment plant in addition to the specific reuses of the post-regeneration wash waters of the Anion and MB ion-exchanger units.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.928-935
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• 2010

A bag filter system was partially burnt down during a trial run of waste wood incineration boiler. This brought about unburned hydrocarbon which caused a rapid deactivation of low temperature SCR catalyst set up in two stage after the bag filter. The deactivated catalyst was investigated in order to trace the origin by several characterization methods such as XRD, EDX, BET, TGA, SEM. The deactivated catalyst was regenerated by different methods such as acid washing, water washing in ultrasonication, and calcination treatment under air condition. It is found the calcination treatment under air condition at $450^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours to be the best regeneration method. The catalytic activity was measured in the form of 2 cm ${\times}$ 2 cm ${\times}$ 10 cm (catalyst weight 10 g) honeycomb type. A deNOx efficiency of the regenerated catalyst showed 100% at $180^{\circ}C$ which is the same level of fresh one.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.133-154
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• 2001

Stone cultural properties, exposed in natural environment, is deteriorated by many weathering reasons for a long time. It is necessary to treat of consolidation and water-repellent on the surface because of the conservation of stone cultural properties. We was treated the specimen [granite(Hwangdung-suk), sandstone, marble(in JeongSeon)] by synthesis resin of DWR-Ⅲ, SI2121 and fluoropolymer, and tested on the durability, water-repellent, color stability and luster generation etc. In the result of this study, DWR-Ⅲ and fluoropolymer is superior to the waterrepellent, durability of salt and acid rain. SI2121 is superior to the penetration because of lower viscosity, but the water-repellent is inferior to the others. After the treatment of chemicals, the color-variation make an appearance but luster-generation doesn’t. With the passage of time, the color of specimen was got better because of the ‘washing’ phenomenon for ultra-violet, salt etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2642-2646
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• 2012

Pretreatment of spent FCC catalyst and its application in remove trace olefins in aromatics were investigated in this research. The most effective pretreatment route of spent FCC catalyst was calcining at $700^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, washing with 5% oxalic acid solution in ultrasonic reactor and dried. Treated spent FCC catalyst was modified with metal halides, then to prepare catalyst to remove trace olefins in aromatics. X-ray diffraction, Pyridine-FTIR, $N_2$ adsorption-desorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were used to investigate the pretreatment process. The result showed that the performance of the treated spent FCC catalyst was much greater than that of the spent FCC catalyst, which indicted the possibility and improvement of this research.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investgate dyeing, moradnting properties and colorfastness activities of silk, polyamide, acetate treated black soybean extracts. The color of extract by buffer solution (pH=1) red, but the higher pH of extracted black soybean solution the paler of color strength. Black soybean extracts was approved anthocyanin of 3type(Delphinidin3-glucoside, Cyanidin 3-glucoside, Petunidin 3-glucoside) by chemiclal analysis. This anthocynin, in acid condition, is oxinium structure (red color, soluable) but, in alkali condition quinoid structure(dark brown, in soluable). The optimum dyeing condition of black soybean anthocynin was 10min at $30^{\circ}C$, pH -1. Colorfastness to washing and light showed generally low but crocking fastness was excellent.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2010

Using extracted sepia melanin powder by repeated treatments with aqueous sodium hydroxide and acetic acid solutions, vat dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics was carried out under various dyeing conditions including concentration of melanin, alkali, reducing agent and salt, as well as dyeing time and temperature. A K/S of 25.3 for wool fabrics was obtained at the optimal dyeing condition with 9% owf melanin, 0.5g/L NaOH and 56g/L $Na_2S_2O_4$ without salt at $80^{\circ}C$ for 90minutes. The vat dyeing of sepia melanin was applicable to both cotton and wool fabrics but the wool showed higher dyeability. The color fastness properties of the dyed wool and cotton fabrics were excellent to washing, rubbing and light irradiation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 1992

Quaternary aminized cellulosic adsorbents (C $A_{QA}$ ) which exhibit adsorption capacities for anionic dyestuffs for the treatment of colored waste water and re-use of the treated water were studied. The isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of C.I. Acid Orange 7, solution considered as a model of negatively charged coloring matters for C $A_{QA}$ , were determined. Batch method and flow method were employed to determine decoloring capacity of cellulosic adsorbents for Orange 7. The cellulosic adsorbents exhibited much better adsorption capacity than activated carbon. Furthermore the exhausted cellulosic adsorbents could be readily regenerated by washing with dilute sodium hydroxide.