• 제목/요약/키워드: Acid Soil

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초임계추출과 형광유도체를 이용한 HPLC 에서의 Quinclorac 의 토양중 잔류분석 (Residue Analysis of Quinclorac in Soil by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fluorogenic Derivatization Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

  • 김용환
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.442-446
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    • 1997
  • 감도와 재현성이 높은 quinclorac 의 토양중 잔류분석방법 개발을 위해 $CO_2$를 이용한 초임계추출후 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin 로 형광유도체화하여 HPLC 상에서 분석하는 방법을 개발하였다. 추출변수로 추출압력과 modifier인 methanol 의 함량을 변화시켜, 100 ppb 처리토양에서 7000 psi $(80^{\circ}C)$, 30% $(methanol/CO_2\;v/v)$) 조건을 이용하여 96% 의 회수율을 얻었다. 18-crown-6-ether 를 촉매로 한 형광유도체 반응은 상온에서 30분이내에 정량적으로 완결되었으며 HPLC-형광분석검출기를 이용하여 토양중 quinclorac의 최소검출 수준을 0.5 ppb까지 낮출 수 있었다. 이 방법은 기존의 방법에 비해 간편하고 감도가 높아 carboxylic acid를 함유한 농약의 잔류분석에 이용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

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Bacillus sp. JJ2-01과 마늘 오일 혼합처리에 의한 고추 흰비단병 억제 효과 (Combined Application of Bacillus sp. JJ2-01 and Garlic Oil for Controlling Sclerotium rolfsii in Pepper Plants)

  • 문혜정;주호종;안성호;송재경;상미경
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.409-422
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 흰비단병에 대한 길항 미생물과 유기농업자재를 선발하여 혼합 처리 시 방제 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 토양에서 분리한 39균주 중 균사 생장 억제력이 가장 높은 JJ2-01 균주를 길항 미생물로 선발하였다. 또한, 유기농업자재의 흰비단병 발병도를 확인하여 병 억제 효과가 있는 유기농업자재로 마늘 오일을 선발하였다. 선발 미생물과 마늘 오일을 혼합하거나 마늘 오일을 단독으로 사용할 경우 병 억제 효과는 유사하게 나타났지만, 마늘 오일을 단독으로 사용할 경우 토양의 acid phosphatase의 활성이 감소하였다. 반면, 마늘 오일과 선발 미생물 JJ2-01 균주를 혼합 처리하였을 때 urease 활성이 증가하였다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하면, 선발 미생물 JJ2-01 균주와 마늘 오일을 혼합하여 사용하면 고추 흰비단병을 효과적으로 억제하고 토양의 질과 건전성을 유지 또는 향상하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

A Study of Arctic Microbial Community Structure Response to Increased Temperature and Precipitation by Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis

  • Sungjin Nam;Ji Young Jung
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 2023
  • Climate change is more rapid in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, and increased precipitation and warming are expected cause changes in biogeochemical processes due to altered microbial communities and activities. It is crucial to investigate microbial responses to climate change to understand changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on microbial biomass and community structure in dry tundra using two depths of soil samples (organic and mineral layers) under four treatments (control, warming, increased precipitation, and warming with increased precipitation) during the growing season (June-September) in Cambridge Bay, Canada (69°N, 105°W). A phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis method was applied to detect active microorganisms and distinguish major functional groups (e.g., fungi and bacteria) with different roles in organic matter decomposition. The soil layers featured different biomass and community structure; ratios of fungal/bacterial and gram-positive/-negative bacteria were higher in the mineral layer, possibly connected to low substrate quality. Increased temperature and precipitation had no effect in either layer, possibly due to the relatively short treatment period (seven years) or the ecosystem type. Mostly, sampling times did not affect PLFAs in the organic layer, but June mineral soil samples showed higher contents of total PLFAs and PLFA biomarkers for bacteria and fungi than those in other months. Despite the lack of response found in this investigation, long-term monitoring of these communities should be maintained because of the slow response times of vegetation and other parameters in high-Arctic ecosystems.

초음파를 이용한 14C 연대측정 토양시료의 부식산 추출법 개발 (Development of humic acid extraction method in soil and sediment using ultrasonic for 14C dating)

  • 박지연;홍완;박중헌
    • 분석과학
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.136-140
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    • 2009
  • AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry)를 이용한 방사성 탄소연대측정법으로 퇴적물 및 토양시료를 측정하기 위한 화학적 전처리법의 유기물 회수율을 개선하기 위하여, 초음파를 이용한 방법을 개발하였다. 일반적으로 널리 쓰이는 부식산 전처리법 중 단계 마다 사용되는 스터링법을 대신하여, 초음파 (ultrasonic)를 사용하고 초음파 출력, 반응 온도, 반응 시간 등 실험조건을 결정하였다. 유기물 함유량이 적어 연대측정이 불가능했던 시료에 대한 탄소 회수율이 6배 향상되어 다량의 시료를 얻기 힘든 연대측정분야에서는 매우 중요한 개선이 이루어졌다. 또한 동일 시료에 대해 초음파법과 스터링법으로 처리한 시료의 연대측정결과를 비교하여 초음파법이 회수율 향상 이외에는 연대측정결과에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하여 실용성이 있음을 증명하였다.

토양에서 Transformation에 의한 유전자 전이 (Transformation is Mechanism of Gene Transfer in Soil)

  • 이건형
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.210-218
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    • 1990
  • Bacillus subtilis를 재료로 하여 아미노산 합성에 관련된 유전자와 항생제 내성에 관련된 유전자를 균주들 간의 토양환경에서의 생존기간과 유전자전이 빈도를 측정하였다. 손수배양시 각 균주의 vegetative cell의 수는 일주일 내에 $10^{-1}$-$10^{-1.5}$배로 감소하였으나 각 포자의 수는 이보다 적게 감소하였다. 멸균된 토양에서는 각 균주의 vegetative cell과 포자의 감소는 2-4일 이내에 최초 접종할 균체수의 $10^{-15}$ - $10^{-3}$배 수준까지는 감소하였으나 그 이후로는 뚜렷한 감소 경향을 나타내지 않았다. In vitro에서 각 아미노산 합성에 관련된 두 개의 아미노산에 관련된 유전자들의 transformation frequency(형질전환빈도)는 각각 $1.3{\pm}0.6{\times}10^{-6}$ - $6.0{\pm}2.36{\times}10^{-6}$, $8.53{\pm}0.2{\times}10^{-8}$ - $1.4{\pm}0.4{\times}10^{-5}$의 범주에서 변화하였으며, 항생제 내성에 관련된 유전자들의 형질전환 빈도는 $1.5{\pm}0.2{\times}10^{-7}$ - $1.4{\pm}0.4{\times}10^{-5}$ 범주에서 변화하였다. 멸균된 토양에서는 각 아미노산 합성에 관련된 유전자들가 항생제 내성에 관련된 유전자들의 형질전환 빈도는 각각 $2.0{\times}10^{-7}$ - $2.0{\times}10^{-5}$, $2.0{\times}10^{-7}$ - $9.4{\pm}4.7{\times}10^{-6}$ 이었다 한편 두 개의 아미노산에 관련된 유전자들의 형질전환 빈도는 $2.0{\times}10^{-6}$ - $4.5{\times}10^{-6}$의 범주에서 측정되었다. 멸균되지 않는 토양에서의 항생제 내성에 관련된 유전자들의 형질변환 빈도는 멸균된 토양에서와 유사하였다. 이상의 결과로 토양에서의 유전자 전이는 transformation에 의해 이루어질 수 있음을 보여준다.

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Influence of Continuous Organic Amendments on Growth and Productivity of Red Pepper and Soil Properties

  • Seo, Young-Ho;Kim, Se-Won;Choi, Seung-Chul;Jeong, Byeong-Chan;Jung, Yeong-Sang
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.98-102
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    • 2012
  • Organic farming has rapidly increased in Gangwon province, but there is a concern about nutrient accumulation and nutrient imbalance in the soil of organic farming. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous application of organic amendments on growth and yield of red pepper and soil characteristics compared with chemical fertilizers application for four years. Treatments of organic amendments including oil cake, rice straw compost, amino acid compost, rice bran compost, and mushroom media (spent substrate) compost resulted in comparable growth and yield of pepper to chemical fertilizers. Organic amendments improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Especially, rice bran compost and oil cake significantly increased soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer application and mushroom media compost and rice straw compost significantly improved soil aggregate stability. On the other hand, available phosphate level in the soil amended with rice bran compost or mushroom media compost was relatively high compared with the other treatments due to relatively high phosphate levels in the composts. It is not easy to adjust nutrient composition in the organic materials. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that nutrient imbalance needs to be carefully considered in organic farming without use of chemical fertilizers.

Fate of Bentazon Metabolites in Soils

  • Cha, In-Cheol;Lee, Kyu-Seong;Chung, Doug-Young
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.936-942
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    • 2012
  • This review was to elucidate the fate of Bentazon(3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide) and its metabolites in soil. Bentazon is rapidly degraded to form polar metabolites which are mostly adsorbed to soil components, such as humin or fulvic acid, as non extractable forms and mineralized into $CO_2$ by light or micro-organisms in both aerobic or nonaerobic condition. The degradation of Bentazon is dependent on the rate of organic matters in soil and the use of land for the tillage. The degradation rate is decreased as the amount of organic matters in soil increases and if the land is under use for tillage. Sorption and mobility of Bentazon depends on soil pH and the content of organic matters in soil. Usually, the sorption of the metabolites of Bentazon is decreased with increase in the mobility and pH. Almost all of Bentazon is degraded within rhizosphere or forms conjugate bonds with soil organic matters before it reaches to the ground water.

Effects of Pinus densiflora on soil chemical and microbial properties in Pb-contaminated forest soil

  • Kim, Sung-Hyun;Lee, In-Sook;Kang, Ho-Jeong
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the effect of Pb uptake by Pinus densiflora and the Pb fraction in forest soil. We also investigated the change in soil physicochemical characteristics, microbial activity, and root exudates of Pinus densiflora in Pb-contaminated soils. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to 500 mg/kg Pb for 12 months. The metal fractions were measured using sequential extraction procedures. Additionally, factors that affect solubility (three soil enzyme activities and amino acids of root exudate compounds) were also determined. The results showed that Pb contamination significantly decreased enzyme activities due to soil characteristics. In addition, organic matter, nitrate content, and Pb concentration were time dependent. The results indicate that changes in the Pb fraction affected Pb uptake by pine trees due to an increase in the exchangeable Pb fraction. The concentrations of organic acids were higher in Pb-spiked soil than those in control soil. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid resulted in increased Pb uptake from the soil. These results suggest that pine trees can change soil properties using root exudates due to differences in the metal fraction.

유기물(有機物)의 시용(施用)이 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Organic Materials on Soil Chemical Properties)

  • 오왕근
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 1979
  • A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.

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사상균에 의한 구연산효소에 관한 연구 (제II보) 선정균의 보존 및 자외선조사 효과 (Studies on the Citric Acid Fermentation by Fungi (Part II) Preservation of the Selected Strains and the Effect of UV-Irradiation)

  • 성낙계;김명찬;심기환;정덕화
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 1980
  • 선정균을 장기간 보다 안전하게 관리하고 균의 성질을 개선하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 선정균은 대체로 0~5$^{\circ}C$에서 soil 배지에 보존하는 것이 좋았으며 보존기간 10개월까지는 산생성력에 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2) 선정균 M-315는 강산성지에 계대배양하므로서 산생성능이 약간 향상되였으며 종균으로는 포자형성배지에 7~10일간 배양한 균의 포자로 접종하는 것이 좋았다. 3) 선정균에 자외선을 조사시킨 결과 형태적으로 변화된 변이주 109주을 분리하였고 그 중 산생성력이 3.2% 향상된 변이주 M-812를 얻었다.

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